Deleterious effects of viral pneumonia on cardiovascular system

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (19) ◽  
pp. 1833-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahao Duan ◽  
Yeshun Wu ◽  
Cunming Liu ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
Ling Yang
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Viral pneumonia has a significant effect on the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms; even though it is traditionally regarded as a pulmonary disease characterized by dyspnoea and hypoxaemia. Recent research works have shown that cardiovascular events outweigh all other causes of death in various influenza pandemics. Therefore, the exploration of the effects of viral pneumonia on cardiovascular system becomes increasingly essential. The objective of this review is three-fold: first, to summarize the knowledge about the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of viral infections that are the recent causes of global pandemics; second, to explore the cardiovascular response to these infections; and third, to attempt in identifying the possible coping strategies of the Wuhan epidemic and the future viral infection pandemics.

scholarly journals Etiological and Epidemiological of Viral Diarrhea Among Children Under the Age of Five in Shenyang From 2018 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Dong ◽  
Ying Qi ◽  
Ruiyu Chai ◽  
Han Xu ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
The Government ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death among children, especially in the age under five, but little data are available on the etiology of viral diarrhea in Shenyang. To understand the infection status and the relevant epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea and to fill gaps of how the distribution of viruses change across Shenyang in children under the age of five with diarrhea, stool specimens of children with diarrhea aged 0-59 months and surveillance data was collected from Sentinel Hospital of Shenyang. Rotavirus, calicivirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus 4 viruses were then analyzed, and the proportion of children who tested positive for each pathogen was calculated and seasonal and spatial patterns for major organisms were determined. Viruses were identified in 47.9% of the 897 samples from children with diarrhea. The main viruses of stool samples were rotavirus (16.9%, predominant type G9P[8]), calicivirus (14.7%, norovirus, predominant type GII ), adenovirus (11.8%), and astrovirus (4.5%). Viral infections were mainly detected in the age of 0-12 months. In the area of Shenyang, Huanggu has the most cases (198, 22.1%), followed by Dadong (137, 15.3%) and Hunnan (135, 15.1%). The positive rate of viruses in patients of different ages, seasons, and regions was not same. Public health entities and the government should develop corresponding measures for different age groups, seasons, and regions.

scholarly journals Chemokines and Heart Disease: A Network Connecting Cardiovascular Biology to Immune and Autonomic Nervous Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Dusi ◽  
Alice Ghidoni ◽  
Alice Ravera ◽  
Gaetano M. De Ferrari ◽  
Laura Calvillo
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiovascular Biology ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Among the chemokines discovered to date, nineteen are presently considered to be relevant in heart disease and are involved in all stages of cardiovascular response to injury. Chemokines are interesting as biomarkers to predict risk of cardiovascular events in apparently healthy people and as possible therapeutic targets. Moreover, they could have a role as mediators of crosstalk between immune and cardiovascular system, since they seem to act as a “working-network” in deep linkage with the autonomic nervous system. In this paper we will describe the single chemokines more involved in heart diseases; then we will present a comprehensive perspective of them as a complex network connecting the cardiovascular system to both the immune and the autonomic nervous systems. Finally, some recent evidences indicating chemokines as a possible new tool to predict cardiovascular risk will be described.

scholarly journals Damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
O.M. Korzh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Direct Invasion ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects ◽  
The Relationship

COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system, but also the cardiovascular system. The damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19 is multifactorial and several mechanisms are involved, including direct invasion, inflammation, thrombosis, autoantibody synthesis, and oxygen imbalance. The inflammation causes the release of cytokines, especially interleukin-6, and damage to cardiomyocytes. The overproduction of cytokines leads to an abnormal inflammatory response called a cytokine storm, which is believed to be the culprit in cardiovascular events in COVID-19 patients. Treatment of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular complications is mostly supportive. The role of pharmacological blocking of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 infection requires further research as the relationship appears to be very complex. To date, professional cardiological societies do not recommend canceling ACE inhibitors or agiotensin II receptor antagonists for patients taking these drugs for other indications. Special care should be taken about the potential cardiovascular side effects of the various therapies used to treat viral infections. When using them, daily monitoring of the QT interval on the ECG is proposed.

scholarly journals Investigation of the drug «Cycloferon» influence on the morbidity of acute respiratory viral infections and flu and condition of local immunity in children of different age groups

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Ye. I. Kondratieva ◽  
L. A. Matveeva ◽  
Ye. Yu. Tyuteva ◽  
N. A. Ryzhakova ◽  
A. A. Terentieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection

The aim of the research was the investigation of prophylactic using the drug «Cycloferon». Influence of Cycloferon on acute respiratory viral infection and flu and on their clinical manifestations as well as on local immunity condition was assessed. We examined 124 children aged from 4 to 18 years. It was revealed that duration of acute respiratory viral infections as well as flu decreased and local immunity of the upper respiratory ways increased considerably in children taking Cycloferon. The abovementioned changes were observed both just after the treatment and in the follow-up period.

Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1208-1208
Author(s):  
Juan M Pericàs ◽  
Marta Farrero ◽  
Marta Hernández-Meneses ◽  
Timothy P Sheahan ◽  
Carlos Falces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
System P ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
The One

The three human coronaviruses that emerged (E-CoVs) in the last two decades, i.e. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pose a serious threat to global health. They share some characteristics, including the fact that although the most affected organ is the lung, human E-CoVs often cause a hyperinflammatory multiorgan disease. As in the case of many other viruses, coronaviruses cause cardiovascular disease. The cardiovascular system is predominantly affected in the case of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as their primary receptor. Yet, available evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is the one with higher avidity for the cardiovascular system and greater capacity to cause cardiac injury and thromboembolic events, along with a plethora of cardiovascular manifestations. This chapter provides a clinically oriented summary of the most relevant features of viral infections in relation to the cardiovascular system and the virology and pathophysiological characteristics of E-CoVs, as well as the risk factors, associated clinical manifestations, and current evidence for the management of cardiovascular complications caused by COVID-19.

Viral pneumonia: features of diagnostics, clinical course and treatment

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics

Viral pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. This review looks at the clinical features, diag-nostics, clinical course, as well as options of treatment of viral infections and associated pneumonias, the necessi-ty of differential diagnostics between viral and bacterial pneumonias. The emergence of such infections as severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syn-drome, and the rise of COVID-19 pandemic have posed new challenges for clinicians in terms of rapid diagnostics and medical care delivery for patients with viral pneu-monia. The clinical manifestations of diseases are often indistinguishable from infections of other etiologies, and epidemiological data are necessary for diagnosis. Many researchers report that among clinical features of viral pneumonia, including COVID-19, the risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure are noteworthy. Laboratory data show a tendency to lym-phocytopenia. Radiological signs include ground-glass opacities, areas of consolidation, often located subpleu-rally. In addition, potassium loss, as well as predisposition to hypercoagulation with further thrombogenesis are also a concern in COVID-19 patients, and have to be ad-dressed accordingly. Etiotropic therapy options for viral pneumonia, including COVID-19, are scarce today, vari-ous medications are being discussed.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and Immune Response Caused by Vector-Borne and Other Viral Infections in a Tupaia Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh ◽  
Md Abul Hashem ◽  
Bouchra Kitab ◽  
Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Host Immune System

The Tupaia or tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), a small mammal of the Tupaiidae family, is an increasingly used and promising infection model for virological and immunological research. Recently, sequencing of the Tupaia whole genome revealed that it is more homologous to the genome of humans than of rodents. Viral infections are a global threat to human health, and a complex series of events are involved in the interactions between a virus and the host immune system, which play important roles in the activation of an immune response and the outcome of an infection. Majority of immune response data in viral infections are obtained from studies using animal models that enhance the understanding of host-virus interactions; a proper understanding of these interactions is very important for the development of effective antivirals and prophylactics. Therefore, animal models that are permissive to infection and that recapitulate human disease pathogenesis and immune responses to viral infections are essential. Several studies have shown the permissiveness of Tupaia to a number of important human viral infections in vitro and in vivo without prior adaptation of the viruses; the immune responses and clinical manifestations were comparable to those observed in human infections. Thus, the Tupaia is being utilized and developed as a promising immunocompetent small animal model for viral infection studies. In this review, we focused on the immune responses, mostly innate, during viral infection and pathogenesis in the Tupaia model; we evaluated the interaction between the virus and the components of host resistance, the usefulness of this model for immunopathogenesis studies, and the vaccines and antivirals available.

scholarly journals Rheumatic diseases and viral infection: is there an association?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
R. M. Balabanova
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
B Cell Activation

Viral infections, hepatitis B and C and herpesvirus-induced infections in particular, are widespread in the population. Recent years have seen the emergence of new viral infections that were previously endemic. Understanding the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases (RDs) is of great importance. First, they cause the clinical manifestations characteristic of many RDs (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis, and Sjö gren's disease). The author discusses several possible mechanisms of the involvement of viruses in the development of autoimmune disorders: molecular mimicry; polyclonal B cell activation with overproduction of antibodies and immune complexes; T cell activation with cytokine overproduction. Secondly, viral infection can be reactivated during immunosuppressive therapy (also using biological agents), which is widely used to treat RDs. The review presents data on both the most common viruses (hepatitis B and C viruses, HIV, and human herpesviruses types 1–6) and more rare ones (chikungunya virus and polyomavirus) in the Russian population.

The diagnosis of hepatitis C viral infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (26) ◽  
pp. 1019-1023
Author(s):  
Judit Gervain
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Viral Nucleic Acid ◽  
Length Of Treatment ◽  
Subtype B

The successful therapy of hepatitis C viral infection requires that the illness is diagnosed before the development of structural changes of the liver. Testing is stepwise consisting of screening, diagnosis, and anti-viral therapy follow-up. For these steps there are different biochemical, serological, histological and molecular biological methods available. For screening, alanine aminotransferase and anti-HCV tests are used. The diagnosis of infection is confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction of the viral nucleic acid. Before initiation of the therapy liver biopsy is recommended to determine the level of structural changes in the liver. Alternatively, transient elastography or blood biomarkers may be also used for this purpose. Differential diagnosis should exclude the co-existence of other viral infections and chronic hepatitis due to other origin, with special attention to the presence of autoantibodies. The outcome of the antiviral therapy and the length of treatment are mainly determined by the viral genotype. In Hungary, most patients are infected with genotype 1, subtype b. The polymorphism type that occurs in the single nucleotide located next to the interleukin 28B region in chromosome 19 and the viral polymorphism type Q80K for infection with HCV 1a serve as predictive therapeutic markers. The follow-up of therapy is based on the quantitative determination of viral nucleic acid according to national and international protocols and should use the same method and laboratory throughout the treatment of an individual patient. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1019–1023.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica - a Disease of the Elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
Vasilica Cristescu ◽  
Aurelia Romila ◽  
Luana Andreea Macovei
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Temporal Arteritis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disease that occurs mostly in the elderly and is rarely seen in patients less than 50 years of age. Polymyalgia rheumatica is a vasculitis, which manifests itself as an inflammatory disease of the vascular wall that can affect any type of blood vessel, regardless of its size. It has been considered a form of giant cell arteritis, involving primarily large and medium arteries and to a lesser extent the arterioles. Clinical manifestations are caused by the generic pathogenic process and depend on the characteristics of the damaged organ. PMR is a senescence-related immune disorder. It has been defined as a stand-alone condition and a syndrome referred to as rheumatic polyarteritis with manifestations of giant cell arteritis (especially in cases of Horton�s disease and temporal arteritis) which are commonly associated with polymyalgia. The clinical presentation is clearly dominated by the painful girdle syndrome, with a feeling of general discomfort. Polymyalgia and temporal arteritis may coexist or be consecutive to each other in the same patient, as in most of our patients. The present study describes 3 cases of polymyalgia rheumatica, admitted to the Clinic of Rheumatology of Sf. Apostol Andrei Hospital, Galati. The cases were compared with the literature. Two clinical aspects (polymyalgia rheumatica and/or Horton�s disease) and the relationship between them were also considered. Polymyalgia rheumatica is currently thought to have a multifactorial etiology, in which the following factors play a role: genetic factors or hereditary predisposition (some individuals are more prone to this disease), immune factors and viral infections (triggers of the disease). Other risk factors of polymyalgia rheumatica include age over 50 years and the association with giant cell arteritis. The characteristic feature of the disease is girdle pain, with intense stiffness of at least one hour�s duration. Markers of inflammation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein are almost always increased at the onset of the disease. Diseases that can mimic the clinical picture of polymyalgia rheumatica are neoplasia, infections, metabolic disorders of the bone and endocrine diseases.

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