scholarly journals 162 Whole-body cryotherapy treatment modulates the innate immune response in non-professional football players

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Selleri ◽  
Anna De Gaetano ◽  
Giada Zanini ◽  
Mara Malerba ◽  
Marcello Pinti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Monocyte Subset ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy

Abstract Aims Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a recently widely strategy used for muscle recovery after injury that can to activate inflammatory response. WBC consists of short exposure, of about 2-3 minutes, to dry air at cryogenic temperatures up to -190 °C. The aim of our study is to analyze WBC effects on metabolic, hormonal, and immunological responses of non-professional football players (NPFPs). Methods and results Nine male NPFPs (age: 20 ± 2 years) on the same team are recruited and, in particular, they played and trained each day before, during, and after WBC treatment. We collected NPFPs blood samples immediately before WBC and after 5 once-day sessions, then we evaluated a set consisting of 50 analytes, including hormones profile, haematologic parameters, and serum chemistry. We proceeded with monocytes (Mo) phenotyping and then we investigated the concentration of some plasmatic markers with anti-inflammatory effects (IL2RA, IL1RN) or typically increased during inflammation [CCL2, IL-18, free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)]. WBC treatment (WBC-t) lead to a decrease not only in mean platelet volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and ferritin levels, but also in testosterone and estradiol levels, even if they remain within the normal ranges. This treatment is also responsible for total Mo increased and, in particular, a reduction of classical Mo has been demonstrated in parallel with an increase of non-classical ones. Moreover, each Mo subset shows lower expression of CXCR4. Considering pro-inflammatory molecules, IL1RA showed a tendency to decrease, while IL1RN and IL18 decreased in plasma after WBC-t. Conversely, circulating mtDNA levels appeared unaltered by treatment. Conclusions The differences detected in monocyte subset after WBC-t suggest that, in this condition, Mo could be redistributed into the surrounding tissue. In addition, CXCR4 reduction in Mo subsets could be due to their differentiation process. Hence, WBC could promote Mo differentiation through a mechanism that is still unknown. Since WBC seems to regulate the innate immune system in the enrolled NPFPs, it could have a role in tissue repair beyond a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Influence of Cryotherapy and Kinesitherapy on the Cardiovascular and respiratory systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Adrianna Zwolińska ◽  
Łukasz Kikowski ◽  
Katarzyna Pietrzak ◽  
Joanna Kostka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Systems ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy

Introduction. Whole body cryotherapy is becoming a more and more popular form of therapy used by people of all ages. Understanding the organism’s response to short exposure to extremely low temperatures can contribute to the safety of treatments. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a series of whole body cryotherapy with kinesiotherapy on the reaction of cardiorespiratory system of patients at different ages and the analysis of the occurrence of adverse reactions under the influence of cryotherapy. Materials and Methods. The study included 36 patients aged 32-70 divided into two age groups. Before and after the first and after the tenth treatments, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate per minute and a match test were made. A questionnaire regarding adverse effects related to the stay in the cryochamber was also conducted. Results. After the first cryotherapy with kinesitherapy in the younger group (p = 0.005) and the older one (p = 0.03) the diastolic pressure was decreased, and after a series of treatments in the older group, also the systolic blood pressure decreased (p = 0.004). There were no changes in other parameters of the circulatory and respiratory systems. After the stay in the cryochamber, the patients most frequently reported discomfort associated with staying in a small room (7 people) and during breathing (5 people). Conclusions. Systemic cryotherapy with kinesitherapy can cause adaptive changes associated with lowering blood pressure and do not significantly affect the respiratory system. Responses of the cardiorespiratory system to the above treatments are similar in the elderly and younger. Whole body cryotherapy can cause adverse effects, but they are not very serious and do not eliminate patients from participating in the therapy. Older age is not associated with a higher incidence of adverse changes.

Mild Cognitive Impairments and Whole-body Cryotherapy – Placebo Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S665-S666
Author(s):  
K. Urbańska ◽  
B. Stańczykiewicz ◽  
D. Szcześniak ◽  
E. Trypka ◽  
A. Zabłocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
Experimental Group

IntroductionCognitive impairment is considered to be a result of oxidative stress and disturbances in inflammatory status. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC), which is a short exposure to extremely low temperatures, probably regulates the release of cytokines and nitric oxide. The hypothesis is that WBC may be useful in the therapy of mild cognitive impairments (MCI).AimsThe effect of the whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on cognitive impairments was investigated.ObjectivesIn this study the observation of several biological factors and cognitive functions were conducted to analyse the WBC influence on cognitive deficits.MethodsPeople with MCI participated in 10 WBC sessions divided for experimental group (−110 °C till −160 °C) or control group (−10 °C till −20 °C). The MoCa test (scores 26 and lower) was used for inclusion criteria. Cognitive functions were measured with: TYM, DemTect and SLUMS at baseline and in follow-up. Biological factors (cytokines, BDNF, NO) were also assessed.ResultsIt was shown that memory domains in experimental group improved after WBC sessions. Also modulatory effect on inflammatory mediators in plasma was shown. The results of this study consist of the comparison of experimental and control groups regarding to cognitive functions as well as biological factors.ConclusionsWhole-body cryotherapy may be supposed to improve cognitive functions in MCI patients. The modulatory effect of WBC on immunological response may be considered as one of possible mechanisms of its action. However, there is no confirmation how long the effects resist so further investigations are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Possible Role of Pineal and Extra-Pineal Melatonin in Surveillance, Immunity, and First-Line Defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12143
Author(s):  
Regina P. Markus ◽  
Kassiano S. Sousa ◽  
Sanseray da Silveira Cruz-Machado ◽  
Pedro A. Fernandes ◽  
Zulma S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pineal Melatonin ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes that acts as the darkness hormone, translating environmental lighting to the whole body, and as a moderator of innate and acquired defense, migration, and cell proliferation processes. This review evaluates the importance of pineal activity in monitoring PAMPs and DAMPs and in mounting an inflammatory response or innate immune response. Activation of the immune–pineal axis, which coordinates the pro-and anti-inflammatory phases of an innate immune response, is described. PAMPs and DAMPs promote the immediate suppression of melatonin production by the pineal gland, which allows leukocyte migration. Monocyte-derived macrophages, important phagocytes of microbes, and cellular debris produce melatonin locally and thereby initiate the anti-inflammatory phase of the acute inflammatory response. The role of locally produced melatonin in organs that directly contact the external environment, such as the skin and the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, is also discussed. In this context, as resident macrophages are self-renewing cells, we explore evidence indicating that, besides avoiding overreaction of the immune system, extra-pineal melatonin has a fundamental role in the homeostasis of organs and tissues.

Post-match recovery of eccentric knee flexor strength in male professional football players

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
César Augusto Bueno ◽  
João Breno de Araujo Ribeiro-Alvares ◽  
Gabriel dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Grazioli ◽  
Filipe Veeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Flexor Strength

Lunate and Perilunate Dislocations in Professional Football Players

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Raab ◽  
David A. Fischer ◽  
Donald C. Quick
Keyword(s):  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football

scholarly journals Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Exercises: Could a Neuromuscular Warm-Up Improve Muscle Pre-Activation before a Soccer Game? A Proof-of-Principle Study on Professional Football Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4958
Author(s):  
Alessandro de Sire ◽  
Andrea Demeco ◽  
Nicola Marotta ◽  
Lucrezia Moggio ◽  
Arrigo Palumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Proof Of Principle

Neuromuscular warm-up has been shown to decrease the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury improving muscular firing patterns. All preventive training programs described in the literature have a duration of several weeks. To date, no studies have explored the immediate effect of a neuromuscular warm-up exercise on pre-activation time of the knee stabilizer muscles. Thus, this proof-of-principle study aimed at evaluating the acute effects of a neuromuscular warm-up exercises on the electromyographic activation of knee stabilizer muscles’ activation pattern. We included 11 professional football players, mean aged 23.2 ± 4.5 years, from a Southern Italy football team. All of them underwent a standard warm-up exercise protocol at the first day of the evaluation. At 1 week, they underwent a structured neuromuscular warm-up exercise protocol. We assessed as outcome measure the pre-activation time (ms) of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), and medial hamstrings (MH) upon landing. Outcomes were assessed before and after the standard warm-up and neuromuscular warm-up. Pre-activation time of RF, VM, BF and MH significantly improved only after neuromuscular warm-up (p < 0.05); moreover, there was a significant (p < 0.05) between-group difference in pre-activation time of all muscles after the neuromuscular warm-up compared with the standard warm-up. These findings suggested that physical exercise consisting of a structured injury prevention neuromuscular warm-up might have an immediate effect in improving the activation time of the knee stabilizer muscles, thus potentially reducing the risk of ACL injury.

scholarly journals The Effect of Repeated Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Sirt1 and Sirt3 Concentrations and Oxidative Status in Older and Young Men Performing Different Levels of Physical Activity

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Gabriela Wojciak ◽  
Jadwiga Szymura ◽  
Zbigniew Szygula ◽  
Joanna Gradek ◽  
Magdalena Wiecek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
The Impact

Background: The activity of antioxidant enzymes and sirtuins (Sirt) decreases along with age, which is counteracted by aerobic training. Sirtuins increase antioxidant defence. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) increases total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in young men. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of 24 WBC treatments on the blood concentration of selected sirtuins and the level of antioxidant defence as well as oxidative stress index of training and non-training men depending on age. Methods: The study involved 40 males. In each group, there were 10 non-training older and young men (60 NTR and 20 NTR), and 10 older and young long-distance runners (60 TR, 20 TR). During an 8-week period, participants underwent 24 WBC treatments (3 min −130 °C), which were performed three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). The concentrations of Sirt1, Sirt3, TAC, total oxidative status and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the blood were determined before 1 WBC and after 1 WBC, 12 WBC and 24 WBC. Results: After 1 WBC, the activity of GPx and the concentration of Sirt1 and TAC in 60 TR and TAC in 60 NTR increased. After 12 WBC, the level of Sirt1 in 20 NTR and SOD in 20 TR increased. After 24 WBC, the level of Sirt1 increased in 60 TR and in 20 NTR, Sirt3 in 60 TR and SOD in 20 TR. Conclusions: Cryogenic temperatures increase blood levels of Sirt1 and Sirt3 and systemic antioxidant defence in men, but the effect is dependent on age, level of performed physical activity and the number of applied treatments.

scholarly journals Resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103724
Author(s):  
Yorck Olaf Schumacher ◽  
Montassar Tabben ◽  
Khalid Hassoun ◽  
Asmaa Al Marwani ◽  
Ibrahim Al Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
High Infection

ObjectivesThe risk of viral transmission associated with contact sports such as football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the infective and immune status of professional football players, team staff and league officials over a truncated football season resumed at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates and to investigate the clinical symptoms related to COVID-19 infection in professional football players.MethodsProspective cohort study of 1337 football players, staff and officials during a truncated football season (9 weeks) with a tailored infection control programme based on preventive measures and regular SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab testing (every 3–5 days) combined with serology testing for immunity (every 4 weeks). Clinical symptoms in positive participants were recorded using a 26-item, Likert-Scale-based scoring system.ResultsDuring the study period, 85 subjects returned positive (cycle threshold (cT) ≤30) or reactive (30<cT<40) PCR tests, of which 36 were players. The infection rate was consistent with that of the general population during the same time period. More than half of infected subjects were asymptomatic, and the remaining had only mild symptoms with no one requiring hospitalisation. Symptom severity was associated with lower cT values. Social contacts and family were the most common sources of infection, and no infection could be traced to training or matches. Of the 36 infected players, 15 presented positive serology during the study period.ConclusionFootball played outdoors involving close contact between athletes represents a limited risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness when preventive measures are in place.

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