scholarly journals E-Cigarettes and myocardial Infarction: a systemic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sharma ◽  
I Gupta ◽  
V U ◽  
R Golamari
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
P Value ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction With widespread awareness about the harmful effects of traditional smoking, many people are considering the use of an e-cigarette. However, there are many studies which have shown  e-cigarettes is not entirely harmless and it’s use has been implication in causing major adverse cardiovascular events. Methodology This systemic review strictly adhered to the PRISMA checklist. An electronic search was conducted comprehensively through five databases to find the relevant articles. The odds ratio (OR) was used for comparing groups. Meta-analysis was conducted using R statistical software version 3.4.3. A random-effect model was used. Results A total of 4 studies were included in the analysis incorporating data on 585,306 subjects. In these, 19,435 were e-cigarettes users, while 1693 used only traditional cigarette users, and 553,095 were non-e-cigarette users. A total of 7.0% of e-cigarette users suffered an MI in their lifetime, while only 6.5% of non-e-cigarette users have had MI. The OR of getting an MI in e-cigarettes users was 1.30 (95% CI = 1.23-1.38, p-value < 0.01) in comparison to non e-cigarette users. While it is 0.61 (95% CI = 0.40 – 0.93, p-value 0.02) when compared with traditional smoking. Conclusion Those using e-cigarettes have a higher odds of suffering from an MI in comparison to not using e-cigarettes. However, using e-cigarettes reduces the risk of MI by half in comparison to traditional smoking. Abstract Figure. Forest plot

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy between ketamine, memantine, riluzole and d-cycloserine in patients diagnosed with drug resistant depression: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Nishita H. Darji ◽  
Devang A. Rana ◽  
Supriya D. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Glutamate Modulators

Background: Glutamate modulators are having immense potential and are newer entities for treating drug resistant depression. The objectives were to generate statistical evidence on basis of existing data of ketamine, memantine, riluzole and d-cycloserine in resistant depression.Methods: A total of 14 RCTs following PRISMA guidelines and matching inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected of ketamine (5), memantine (3), riluzole (2) and d-cycloserine (4) vs placebo in drug resistant depression. Only RCTs with primary diagnosis of drug resistant depression (Previously on two standard antidepressant therapy) were included. Studies with treatment response rate, 50% reduction in total score of the depression rating scale-Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale or the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale or Beck Depression Inventory was chosen as clinical outcome measure. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the analysis.Results: In ketamine group using random effect model SMD was 2.122 (95% CI 0.659-3.584). P-value was statistically significant (random effect p <0.005 and in fixed effect <0.001). In memantine group, using random effect model -0.963 was SMD and (95% CI -1.958-0.0324). P-value was <0.001, significant in fixed effect. In riluzole group, SMD was -0.564 with (95% CI -3.927-2.799) in random effect. P-value was 0.741. In d-cycloserine group SMD was 0.316 with (95% CI -1.252-1.885) in random effect. P-value was 0.690.Conclusions: Ketamine showed best efficacy followed by memantine. Riluzole and DCS as such have no efficacy although its acts by same glutamate pathway. More molecular based research is required in use of glutamate modulators in resistant depression.

scholarly journals Regional and chronological differences in prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a systemic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Whun Kim ◽  
Seung Cheol Han ◽  
Hyung Dong Jo ◽  
Sung-Woo Cho ◽  
Jin Youp Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are frequently reported in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the reported prevalence of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction varies widely, and the reason for the inter-study differences is unclear. Hence, in this meta-analysis, we performed subgroup analyses to investigate the factors that contribute to the inter-study variability in the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Out of 943 citations, we included 55 eligible studies with 13,527 patients with COVID-19 for a systematic review. The overall pooled prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were 51.4% and 47.5%, respectively, in the random-effect model. In subgroup analyses, the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were significantly different among four geographical regions (both P < 0.001, respectively). Although the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction did not significantly differ according to the time of enrollment, the subgroup analyses including only studies from the same geographical region (Europe) revealed a significant difference in olfactory dysfunction according to the time of enrollment. The regional and chronological differences in the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions partly explain the wide inter-study variability.

A systematic and meta-analysis study on the prevalence of tuberculosis and relative risk factors for prisoners in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Taherpour ◽  
Mojtaba Mousavi Bazzaz ◽  
Hamidreza Naderi ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Alireza Amirabadizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Random Model ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
P Value ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Related Risk

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) among prisoners in Iran, by performing a systematic and meta-analysis study on the related articles. Methodology: Scopus, Iran doc, Cochrane, Pubmed, Medline, Embase and Iran Medex, Magiran, SID, Google Scholar, and EBSCO were searched. After quality assessment of the articles, a fixed or random model, as appropriate, was used to pool the results in a meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using I-square and Q-test. Results: The overall sample size of included studies was 19562 that 64 of them were with TB. The highest prevalence of tuberculosis was related to the study of Rasht, 517 in 100,000 but the lowest rate was related to the study of Sought Khorasan, 25 in 100,000. The ES of the random effect model is 0.003 (95% CI, 0.001-0.005) and p-value <0.0001. The Higgins’ I2 of all studies is 86.55%, and the p-value of the Cochrane Q statistics is <0.001, indicating that there is heterogeneity. Based on the Egger regression plot (t=2.18, p = 0.08, CI 95%: -0.001, 0.005) no publication bias existed. Conclusion: The frequency of TB among the prisoners in Iran was low. Due to important limitations in this study, it is not possible to indicate the exact prevalence of TB among prisoners in Iran and compare this with the general population. More studies are needed to assess the related risk factor for designing health interventions plan to decrease the incidence rate of TB among prisoners.

scholarly journals Inflammatory markers in Covid-19 Patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golnaz Vaseghi ◽  
Marjan Mansourian ◽  
Raheleh Karimi ◽  
Kiyan Heshmat-Ghahdarijani ◽  
Paria Rouhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIntroductionDiagnosis of COVID-19 is based on clinical manifestation, history of exposure, positive findings on chest CT and laboratory tests. It has been shown that inflammation plays a role in pathogenesis of COVID-19.MethodWe used the necessary transformations to convert the median and IQR to mean and SD Random-effect model using Der Simonian, and Laird methods was used if heterogeneity between studies was significant, the homogeneity among studies was assessed with I2 Statistic, values above 50%, and for the chi-square test, P-values <0.1 was supposed statistically significantResultsTwelve studies were included in the analysis that all of which were conducted in China in the year 2020. The result of combining 12 articles with 772 participants showed that the pooled estimate of the mean of lymphocyte with 95% CI was (Mean: 1.01; 95% CI (0.76-1.26); p-value<0.001). About WBC the pooled result of 9 studies with 402 participants was (Mean: 5.11; 95% CI (3.90-6.32); p-value<0.001) Also the pooled mean estimate of 9 studies with 513 patients for the ratio of Neutrophil/lymphocyte was (Mean: 3.62; 95% CI (1.48-5.77); p-value=0.001). The pooled mean from the combination of 7 studies with 521 patients on CRP was (Mean: 28.75; 95% CI (8.04-49.46).ConclusionInflammatory Markers increase in patients with Covid-19, which can be a good indicator to find patients.

Association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tooran Nayeri ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽  
Zahra Hosseininejad ◽  
Afsaneh Amouei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of infectious agents, such as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), on human behavior and mental disorders has recently attracted the attention of researchers. T. gondii has emerged as a suitable candidate for such disorders due to its neural nature. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the possible relationship between T. gondii infection and headache. Methods: Five databases were thoroughly searched (up to October 4, 2019) for articles on the prevalence of T. gondii in headache sufferer. In this study, the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using a random effect model and forest plot to gauge effect size and effect of each study. Results: A total number of four articles, including three case-controls and one cross-sectional studies with 2517 participants entered the meta-analysis out of whom 1205 subjects were afflicted with headache or migraine (17.67% positive for toxoplasmosis) and 1312 participants were not (18.29% for toxoplasmosis). The results of the meta-analysis indicated a common OR of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.03-2.47) by the random effect model. Conclusion: The obtained results of several studies have linked toxoplasmosis and headache. Therefore, more quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine the detailed association between headache and T. gondii infection for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis among headache sufferers.

scholarly journals Was Antiphospholipid Syndrome a Risk Factor of Stroke? A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Ruili Li ◽  
Jincai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Effect Model

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis. This systemic review and meta-analysis was to verify the hypothesis that APS might increase the risk of stroke. Studies were identified after literature searching of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale Cohort Studies (NOQAS-C) was used to assess the quality of studies. The pooled effect with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated by random-effect model. I -square ( I 2 ) was used to test heterogeneity. Funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias. A total of 17 cohort studies with overall high quality were included. There was no publication bias. Pooled hazard ratio of stroke occurrence in APS patients was 1.76 (1.39-2.21) with low heterogenicity and stable result from sensitivity analysis. In the analysis of subgroups, pooled risk ratios of stroke occurrence in patients with only positive antibodies of APS diagnosis were 1.75 (0.99-3.09), which for the APS patients with other autoimmune diseases were 14.70 (7.56-28.56). APS might be a risk factor of stroke, especially in patients with other autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of anticholinergic medications on the risk of dementia: a Protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Maraghi ◽  
Ali Reza Safarpour ◽  
Maryam Hajmohammadi ◽  
Ali Akbar Oroojan ◽  
Amal Saki Malehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Abstract Introduction: The most kind of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer’s is a type of degenerative cerebrovascular disorder which exacerbates over time. Meanwhile, anticholinergic drugs can potentially modify the risk factors. As different studies have achieved different results and the clinical findings of these interventions have not been conclusive, the objective of this research will be to evaluate the effect of anticholinergic drugs on the risk of dementia.Materials& Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis with no language limitation between 1988.12.15 and 2020.12.15 will search WoS, EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest electronic databases and grey literature. Our search strategy with suitability criteria evaluating the effect of anticholinergic drugs on the risk of dementia. Two authors will independently implement the selection phases, data extraction, and quality assessment. Any discrepancies between reviewers will be resolved by consensus; otherwise, the viewpoint of a third specialist person will be applied. The reviewers will evaluate the risk of bias using NOS. We will conduct a meta-analysis with Random Effect Model or Fixed Effect Model according to severity of methodological heterogeneity. The results will be presented via the forest plot for the composition of final studies’ data, to demonstrate the separated and combined frequency and their corresponding 95% CIs and summary tables and narrative summaries. Using I2 statistics and the Q-statistic test, the statistical heterogeneity will be evaluated. For evaluating the possible reporting bias, the Funnel plot will be used; also Begg's and Egger's tests will be applied for significant results of the publication bias, and the Fill & Trim method for reformed publication bias. Ethical and dissemination: The systematic review findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will also be presented at national/international academic and clinical conferences.PROSPRO Registration: CRD42020219612

scholarly journals Comparison of the therapeutic methods (pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic) on prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Masood Shirmohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Somi ◽  
Morteza Ghojazadeh ◽  
Hossein Hosseinfard ◽  
Fatemeh Tahmasebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
P Value ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Rectal Indomethacin ◽  
Accurate Reporting

Background: Pancreatitis is considered as the most prevalent serious disorders of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Different approaches have been suggested to prevent or reduce this complication. Therefore we aim to investigate them in the current study. This systematic review was performed in 2019 using Pubmed, Embase, google scholar and Cochrane library. Two reviewers selected eligible studies and outcomes of interest were extracted. Meta-analysis was done by using the random or fixed-effect models. I-square statistic test was used for heterogeneity analysis. Material and Methods: Totally, 2758 articles were searched. Thereafter duplicated and irrelevant articles were excluded, and six articles were entered to the present study. Six RCTs were considered eligible with a total participants of 1685. Results: The relative risk of PEP was not significantly different in NSAID and hydration groups (Pooled RR=1.19, 95%CI: 0.40 to 3.50, P-value=0.74). The random effect model indicated no significant differences between NSAID and NSAID+hydration groups regarding the incidence of PEP (Pooled RR=2.19, 95%CI: 0.70 to 6.88, P-value=0.17). Conclusion: Additionally, the results of one study showed that rectal indomethacin alone appeared to be more effective for preventing PEP than no prophylaxis, PSP alone, and the combination of indomethacin and PSP. Using NSAIDs alone or the combination of NSAIDs and hydration can reduce the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Lack of studies comparing different approaches of prophylaxis in post-ERCP patient or the reporting of different parameters among the existing studies seriously limited the possibility and quality of meta-analysis. Further well-designed studies with accurate reporting of data is necessary to provide more reliable conclusion.

scholarly journals Reduction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) after Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andryanto Sutanto ◽  
Henry Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Effect Model

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and obesity is a major risk factor which increases morbidity and mortality of CVDs. Lifestyle modifications (e.g., diet control, physical exercise and behavioral changes) have been the first-line managements of obesity for decades. Nonetheless, when such interventions fail, pharmacotherapies and bariatric surgery are considered. Interestingly, a sudden weight loss (e.g., due to bariatric surgery) could also increase mortality (i.e., obesity paradox). Thus, it remains unclear whether the bariatric-surgery-associated weight reduction in patients with obesity and CVDs is beneficial for the reduction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE). Here, we performed a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of published studies comparing the MACE in patients with obesity and CVDs underwent bariatric surgery with control patients (no surgery). Studies data, including odds ratio (OR), were pooled and analyzed in a meta-analysis using a random effect model. Ten studies with a total of 1,772,305 patients, consisted of 74,042 patients underwent any form of bariatric surgery and 1,698,263 patients with no-surgery, were included in the meta-analysis. A random effect model was employed for analysis and showed that bariatric surgery group had significantly lower odds of MACE as compared to no surgery (OR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.40-0.60; p<0.00001; I2=93%), suggesting the benefit of bariatric surgery in reducing the occurrence of MACE in obese patients with CVDs.

scholarly journals Alteration of Postural Balance in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
David Núñez-Fuentes ◽  
Esteban Obrero-Gaitán ◽  
Noelia Zagalaz-Anula ◽  
Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera ◽  
Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Sensory Organization ◽  
Effect Model

Balance problems are one of the most frequent symptoms in patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). However, the extent and nature of this balance disorder are not known. The objective of this work was to determine the best evidence for the alteration of postural balance in patients with FMS and analyze differences with healthy controls. To meet this objective, a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. A bibliographical search was carried out in PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO. Observational studies that assessed postural balance in patients with FMS compared to healthy subjects in baseline conditions, were selected. In a random-effect model, the pooled effect was calculated with the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Nineteen studies reporting data of 2347 participants (95% female) were included. FMS patients showed poor balance with a large effect on static (SMD = 1.578; 95% CI = 1.164, 1.992), dynamic (SMD = 0.946; 95% CI = 0.598, 1.294), functional balance (SMD = 1.138; 95% CI = 0.689, 1.588) and on balance confidence (SMD = 1.194; 95% CI = 0.914, 1.473). Analysis of the Sensory Organization Test showed large alteration of vestibular (SMD = 1.631; 95% CI = 0.467, 2.795) and visual scores (SMD = 1.317; 95% CI = 0.153, 2.481) compared to healthy controls. Patients with FMS showed worse scores for different measures of postural balance compared to healthy controls. Concretely, FMS patients appear to have poor vestibular and visual scores with a possible somatosensory dependence.

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