Factors influencing obesity among Hungarian school-age children

Abstract Background Childhood obesity has increased almost 80% worldwide in the last 30 years. According to WHO COSI data, Hungary is ranked 15th in the prevalence of overweight/obesity in 6-9 years children, with national values (27.4%) higher than the average of the participating countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors contributing to childhood obesity, along some components of the ecological model, and to identify factors promoting or inhibiting lifestyle changes. Methods The survey was conducted in three primary schools of Szeged, involving 9-12 years old children and their parents (N = 459). The questionnaire examined the child's physical activity, dietary habits, mood, postnatal medical history as well as parents' anthropometric, socio-demographic data, attitudes to their child's nutrition, health-related value system, lifestyle knowledge and relevant history of obesity. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 22.7% in the sample, with higher proportion of boys than girls (59.6% vs. 40.4%). Overweight/obese children were significantly more dissatisfied with their shape than children with normal BMI (39.8% vs. 8.9%, p < 0.001) and fewer of them participated in out-of-school sports activities (69.1% vs. 79.1 %, p > 0.05;). Obese children were significantly more likely to eat even when they were not hungry (37.2% vs. 26.4%, p < 0.05). Frequency of meals with the family was also the lowest among overweight/obese (60.6%), and three times as many of them ate alone in their room than their nutritionally normal fellows. There was no significant difference in the diet preferences and quality of food of the two groups. Conclusions In our study, prevalence of childhood obesity was beyond than global prevalence. Parents' attitudes, and family conventions significantly influenced the success of a child's lifestyle change hence it is high priority to increase the knowledge of the parents. Funding The research is supported by the EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00008. Key messages Childhood obesity is a complex problem, simultaneous, positive modification of the family, community, and social environment is indispensable for effective intervention. Parents’ lifestyle influences the children’s dietary habits, therefore parent’s health education is important in the prevention of childhood obesity.

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Factors within the family environment such as parents’ dietary habits and fruit and vegetable availability have the greatest influence on fruit and vegetable consumption by Polish children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015000695 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 2705-2711 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Katarzyna Wolnicka ◽

Anna Małgorzata Taraszewska ◽

Joanna Jaczewska-Schuetz ◽

Mirosław Jarosz

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Parental Education ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Survey Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Fruit Consumption ◽

The Family

AbstractObjectiveTo identify determinants of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among school-aged children.DesignA survey study was conducted in October 2010. The questionnaire contained questions concerning social and demographic data, lifestyle and dietary habits, particularly the frequency of F&V consumption, availability of F&V and knowledge about recommended amounts of F&V intake.SettingPolish primary schools.SubjectsChildren (n1255) aged 9 years from randomly selected primary schools and their parents.ResultsThe children’s consumption of fruit and of vegetables was influenced by the fruit consumption and vegetable consumption of their parents (r=0·333 andr=0·273, respectively;P=0·001), parents encouraging their children to eat F&V (r=0·259 andr=0·271,respectively;P=0·001), giving children F&V to take to school (r=0·338 andr=0·321,respectively;P=0·001) and the availability of F&V at home (r=0·200 andr=0·296, respectively;P=0·001). Parental education influenced only the frequency of fruit consumption (r=0·074;P=0·01). A correlation between parents’ knowledge of the recommended intakes and the frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption by children was noticed (r=0·258 andr=0·192, respectively,P=0·001).ConclusionsFactors within the family environment such as parents’ dietary habits and F&V availability had the greatest influence on the F&V consumption by children. Educational activities aimed at parents are crucial to increase the consumption of F&V among children.

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Recent Advances in Treatment of Childhood Obesity

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200221666200817112311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 1072-1078

Author(s):

Walter Milano ◽

Paola Ambrosio ◽

Francesca Carizzone ◽

Walter Di Munzio ◽

Valeria De Biasio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Family Context ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Biological Factors ◽

The Family

: Childhood obesity has assumed epidemic proportions and is currently one of the most widespread public health problems. Many are the factors involved in the pathogenesis of excess weight with interactions between genetic, environmental and biological factors and therefore, also the therapeutic approach must be multidisciplinary and multidimensional. In this review of the literature, we report the contiguity of childhood obesity with eating disorders and the importance of involving the family context in order to induce stable lifestyle changes, both in relation to dietary and nutritional habits, but also in increasing physical activity. Finally, among the therapeutic options, although for selected cases, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery can be used as treatment strategies.

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Dietary Habits and Nutritional Knowledge among Primary School Children in Fayoum Governorate

International Journal of Studies in Nursing ◽

10.20849/ijsn.v4i2.593 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Rabab Gad Abd El-Kader ◽

Hanem Awad Mekhamier ◽

Azza El-Sayed Ali Hegazy

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Primary School Children ◽

School Age Children ◽

Study Group ◽

School Age ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fayoum Governorate

Background and aim: Improving the eating habits of children is essential to reduce the future burden of non-communicable illnesses. Nutritional diseases affect higher than 30% of school age children. This study aimed to assess the dietary habits and nutritional knowledge among primary school age children in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt.Study design: A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized. Setting: The study was implemented in three governmental mixed primary schools in EL-Fayoum city; Egypt, that were selected randomly. Sample: Cluster random sample techniques used for selecting of the study group consisted of 300 students aged from 10-12 years for both sexes attending grade five and six. Tools: three tools of data collection consisted of: 1- self-administered questionnaire comprised socio-demographic data of the students and parents, and students’ knowledge about nutrition, 2- the students’ dietary habits as consumption of the breakfast, drinking water, 3- Health assessment sheet to assess the students’ nutritional status including weight, height, BMI, and appearance.The study findings revealed that 69.3% of the study group were underweight, 36.3% were stunted, and 6.7%, 3.3% were overweight and obese respectively. About 45% had fair knowledge while 34% had good knowledge about the nutrition. More than half of the students had unhealthy dietary behavior and appearance. There was a statistically significant difference (P: 0<0.00) between the academic performance of the school children and their HAZ while there was no statistically significant difference between the academic performance of the students and their WAZ (P: 0.264).Conclusions: underweight is highly prevalent among the primary school students followed by stunting. Most of the students had unhealthy dietary habits and unhealthy appearance while around half of them had fair knowledge about nutrition. The current study recommended developing a nutritional health program for primary school children about the proper nutrition.

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A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Control of Childhood Obesity among Mothers of School-Age Children at Maraimalai Nagar, Kancheepuram District

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 1448-1452

Author(s):

Deepika V ◽

Rasiga S ◽

Priyadarshini K ◽

Sujatha T

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Primary Root ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Child Obesity ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Inadequate Knowledge

In today's global scenario, there is an increasing incidence of childhood obesity due to the lifestyle changes in personal and eating behaviour which is the primary root cause of various childhood chronic diseases. The main aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of the control of childhood obesity among mothers of school-age children of 6-15years in Maraimalai Nagar. The non-experimental descriptive research design was adopted to assess the level of knowledge on the control of childhood obesity among mothers. One hundred mothers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the demographic variables and awareness regarding childhood obesity among mothers. The study was conducted at Maraimalai Nagar. Reliability of the tool was established by a split-half method. The results reveal 17.5 % of subjects had inadequate knowledge, 81.4% had moderate knowledge, and only 1 % had adequate knowledge on childhood obesity. The study concludes that the mothers ignore to take preventive measures where their children could be a victim of child obesity. Thus, we affirmed the need for making mothers aware of the control of child obesity and how it can be prevented.

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The GReat-Child TrialTM: A Quasi-Experimental Dietary Intervention among Overweight and Obese Children

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12102972 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2972

Author(s):

Hui Chin Koo ◽

Bee Koon Poh ◽

Ruzita Abd. Talib

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Obese Children ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Quasi Experimental

Diet composition is a key determinant of childhood obesity. While whole grains and micronutrients are known to decrease the risk of obesity, there are no interventions originating from Southeast Asia that emphasize whole grain as a strategy to improve overall quality of diet in combating childhood obesity. The GReat-Child Trial aimed to improve whole grain intake and quality of diet among overweight and obese children. It is a quasi-experimental intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory. It has a 12-week intervention and 6-month follow-up, consisting of three components that address environmental, personal, and behavioral factors. The intervention consists of: (1) six 30 min lessons on nutrition, using the Malaysian Food Pyramid to emphasize healthy eating, (2) daily deliveries of wholegrain foods to schools so that children can experience and accept wholegrain foods, and (3) diet counseling to parents to increase availability of wholegrain foods at home. Two primary schools with similar demographics in Kuala Lumpur were assigned as control (CG) and intervention (IG) groups. Inclusion criteria were: (1) children aged 9 to 11 years who were overweight/obese; (2) who did not consume whole grain foods; and (3) who had no serious co-morbidity problems. The entire trial was completed by 63 children (31 IG; 32 CG). Study outcomes were measured at baseline and at two time points post intervention (at the 3rd [T1] and 9th [T2] months). IG demonstrated significantly higher intakes of whole grain (mean difference = 9.94, 95%CI: 7.13, 12.75, p < 0.001), fiber (mean difference = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.40, 4.73, p = 0.001), calcium (mean difference = 130.27, 95%CI: 74.15, 186.39, p < 0.001), thiamin (mean difference = 58.71, 95%CI: 26.15, 91.28, p = 0.001), riboflavin (mean difference = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.37, 1.32, p = 0.001), niacin (mean difference = 0.35, 95%CI: 1.91, 5.16, p < 0.001), and vitamin C (mean difference = 58.71, 95%CI: 26.15, 91.28, p = 0.001) compared to CG in T1, after adjusting for covariates. However, T1 results were not sustained in T2 when intervention had been discontinued. The findings indicate that intervention emphasizing whole grains improved overall short-term but not long-term dietary intake among schoolchildren. We hope the present trial will lead to adoption of policies to increase whole grain consumption among Malaysian schoolchildren.

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Helminthiasis among School-Age Children and Hygiene Conditions of Selected Schools in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed4030112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eniola M. Abe ◽

Onyinye C. Echeta ◽

Akwashiki Ombugadu ◽

Linus Ajah ◽

Peter O. Aimankhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Schools ◽

School Health ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

School Age Children ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

School Age ◽

School Health Program ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Government ◽

And Gender

The burden of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infections in Nigeria is enormous with serious public health significance. This study, therefore, assessed helminthiasis among school-age children and the hygiene conditions of schools in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria between December 2015 and April 2016 from four randomly selected primary schools. Stool samples were collected from 200 primary school pupils including 80 males (40%) and 120 females (60%) between five and 16 years, using clean sample bottles and a standard parasitology examination technique at the central laboratory at the Federal University, Lafia. An overall prevalence of 33.5% (67/200) helminths infections was recorded. A checklist of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis was generated from the pooled data of the four studied schools in which A. lumbricoides occurred highest with 13% (26/200) while S. stercoralis was the least prevalent at 2.50% (5/200). Among the schools sampled, St. James Pilot Science Primary School’s children were the most infected at 44% (22/50). Multiple infections were observed in three of the four schools sampled. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in prevalence rates of different STHs infections in relation to age group and gender across schools. Our findings showed that the hygiene conditions in the studied schools were poor without water, hand washing materials, refuse bins, as well as poor sanitary conditions. This study also identified ova and larvae of STHs parasites in the analyzed soil samples from the studied schools. Most school-age children had knowledge about contamination but few among them washed their hands with water and soap. The obtained result indicated a negative association between the prevalence of STHs and the proportion of pupils that cleaned up with water after defection. We, therefore, advise that hygiene conditions in schools be improved and that the government should prioritize enrolling all primary schools in Nasarawa state for the school health program so as to reduce the burden of STHs among school-age children in the state.

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An Investigation of Family Nutrition and Physical Activity and Affecting Factors in Primary Schools

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.277 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

E Ekici ◽

H Ikiişik ◽

H Ankarali ◽

E H Kozan ◽

M Yetim

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Affecting Factors ◽

The Family ◽

The Mean ◽

Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽

Middle Socioeconomic Status ◽

Family Nutrition

Abstract Background In this study, it was aimed to determine the family nutrition and physical activity status of primary school students and some affecting factors. Methods In this descriptive and correlation-seeking research, mixed sampling methods were used. The sample size was not calculated, it was aimed to reach all students in three primary schools with different socioeconomic status (high, medium, low) in Uskudar, Istanbul. Data from 727 subjects were collected through an introductory information form and The Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Tool (FNPA). Results In the study, data from 294 (49.7%) girls and 297 (50.3%) boys from three primary schools who studied first grade (n = 321, 54.3%) and 4th grade (n = 270, 45.7%), a total of 591 children were used. The total FNPA score of students in schools with high or middle socioeconomic status was significantly higher than the socioeconomically low school (P < 0.001). The mean score of the scale was significantly higher in those who doesn’t eat junkfood or snacks (P = 0.001), who had regular breakfast (P = 0.001) and people with regular meal time (P = 0.001). The mean BMI of children in the middle socioeconomic status school was found to be significantly higher than that of students in the low socioeconomic status school (P = 0.013). There was also a significant correlation between the mean BMI of mothers and the total FNPA score (P < 0.001). Conclusions In the study, as the socioeconomic status of schools increased, FNPA total score increased as well. Although some studies suggest that family income and socioeconomic status are inversely related to childhood obesity, in this research the mean BMI of children in the socioeconomically middle school was significantly higher than the students in the socioeconomically low school. Key messages The evaluation of the nutritional and physical activity status of the family as an element of the obesogenic environment, may be effective on identifying the causes of childhood obesity. Studies to determine the nutritional and physical activity of the family in preventing childhood obesity are essential.

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Prevalence and Determinants of Childhood Obesity in Dhaka City

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v45i2.42534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 68-80

Author(s):

Shah Md. Mahfuzar Rahman ◽

I Kabir ◽

HA M Bhuyan ◽

DM B Akter ◽

Shah Monir Hossain

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Family Income ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Obese Children ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Behavioural Aspects

Background: Obesity amongst the children is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate in both developed and developing countries. Obese children are at higher risk of developing coronary heart disease, non-insulin dependent diabetes, respiratory disease etc. Methods: A case-control study, preceded by a cross sectional survey was conducted, aimed to estimate the prevalence rate and to identify the factors associated with the development of childhood obesity in Dhaka city. A multi stage probability proportionate to size (PPS) cluster sampling method was used to obtain the sample. To identify the obese children, a pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data on age, weight and height among the randomly selected 5000 children of 2-10 years age group from 12 government primary and 23 private elementary schools, 4 hospitals, 8 health centres and 12 immunisation centres (on National Immunisation Days) from all the 12 thanas (civil administrative sub-districts) of Dhaka city. Survey included a medical history and physical examination to assess the eligibility of the subjects for the study. Results: Of 5000 children, 380 (7.6%) were identified as obese using the criterion of weight for height >120% as a cut-off point. Obesity was positively correlated with the increase of age in both sexes (r = 0.76). Of all obese children, 216 (56.8%) were boys and 164 (43.2%) were girls. Prevalence of obesity was significantly higher among the boys than girls (p=0.007). The study was conducted among the 220 cases of 380 obese children (Wt/Ht> 120%) and 220 randomly selected controls, matching age and sex, using a semi-structured questionnaire for identifying the factors associated with the development of childhood obesity. Information also collected from parents of both cases and controls. Family income (p<0.001) and expenditure on food (p<0.001) were significantly higher among the cases. Data showed that parental obesity was significantly associated with the obesity in children. There was an association between obesity of the children and parents’ educational status (p<0.001). There was no difference in the working hours of parents outside households between the cases and controls. Energy balance was significantly higher among the cases. Dose response of energy balance shows, the estimated relative risk of obesity increases with higher levels of energy balance up to a maximum of odds ratio 3.41 (p<0.001). A significant difference (p<0.001) was found in hours of television-video viewing between the cases and controls. Conclusion: Findings of this study show that the obesity among the children is caused by a positive energy balance over a considerable period, is related to environmental factors including energy intake, energy expenditure and other behavioural aspects. Appropriate interventions like behavioural change regarding energy intake and physical activity are thus recommended to address the childhood obesity- an emerging public health problem in Dhaka city. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 68-80

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Proportion of Obesity and Presence of Risk Factors in Obese Children in Primary Schools in Rajshahi City

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v33i2.51338 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

Fardoushi Begum ◽

Abu Sayed ◽

Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽

Nigar Sultana ◽

Md Belal Uddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Primary Schools ◽

National Level ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

P Value ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Obese Children ◽

Rajshahi City

Background: The highest prevalence rates of childhood obesity have been observed in developed countries, however, its prevalence is increasing in developing countries as well. Early detection of obesity and identification of risk factors are the key to successful prevention of obesity. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the proportion of obesity and presence of risk factors in obese children in primary schools of Rajshahi city. Methodology: This cross sectional study included total 225 children chosen from different primary schools of Rajshahi city during the school year 2016-2017. Data collection tool used for the study was an interview schedule and this predesigned questionnaire. The main outcome measures were obesity and risk factors prevalent in the obese school children. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 and ‘Chi square’ test was applied for the test of significance. Result: Among the total 225 respondent, 121 (53.8%) were male, while 104 (46.2%) were females, with a mean age of 7.9 ±1.1 years. The mean and standard deviation of anthropometric measurement were weight 22.7±5.3 kg, height 120±8.1 cm and BMI 15.5±2.1 kg/m. Out of 225 participants, 2.7% (total 6) were overweight, 5.3% (total 12 students) were obese, 83.6% (total 188 students) were normal weight and 8.4% (total 19 students) were underweight. The rate of obesity was highest at the age of 8-9 years (10.7%) and overweight were highest at the age of 9-10 years (5.5%). Playing, biking regularly was strongly associated with fewer incidence of overweight and obesity (p value -.001). Faulty dietary habit, having more fast food, chocolate, sugary juice lead to a higher BMI and more fresh fruit and vegetables had lower BMI (p value .001). Conclusion: This study shows that childhood obesity is on rise in our country. Addressing the problem at its earliest could be achieved through identifying high risk groups and planning early intervention. Effective interventions and preventive strategies should be instituted at local and national level to reduce the incidence and comorbidities associated with obesity. TAJ 2020; 33(2): 39-45

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Relationship Between School Performance and Breakfast Quality in Refugee Children: Case Study of Mardin Region

Iranian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.5812/ijp.109584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Vasfiye Bayram Deger ◽

Nurgul Arslan ◽

Ibrahim Dag ◽

Sema CifCi

Keyword(s):

Academic Success ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Age Groups ◽

Close Relation ◽

Quality Score ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Refugee Children ◽

School Age Children ◽

City Center ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Many studies have found that the academic success of school-age children is proved to be in close relation with regular and healthy nutrition. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between breakfast quality and academic success of refugee primary-school children. Methods: After scanning 24 schools in the city center, 384 students who were refugee Syrians from primary schools in Mardin city center were included. In addition to the demographic characteristics of the individuals, breakfast habits of these students were investigated. Results: In this study, 91.6% of the children stated that they have breakfast habits. The reasons for skipping breakfast among students of all levels can be listed as being late for school (67.8%) and not liking to have breakfast (18.8%). The breakfast quality index (BQI) score was low in both boys and girls and all age groups. According to this marked value, all age groups had poor nutrition in terms of breakfast. Although girls showed a significant difference in all age groups (P = 0.046), this difference was not significant among boys (P = 0.671). The number of students with a breakfast quality score higher than 8 was very low. It was observed that boys had the highest academic success with the lowest breakfast quality score. The breakfast quality score of girls with the best academic success ranged between 4 - 7 points. Conclusions: It was observed that academic success was linked to having breakfast habit, and students had breakfast habit performed relatively better in school compared to those who did not.

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