scholarly journals Epidemiological surveillance of syphilis in Pleven region, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Karcheva ◽  
H Haydudova ◽  
D Gospodinov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection whose significance to the public health does not lose its relevance. Changes in the epidemiology of the disease were observed in the last decade. This study describes the trends of syphilis in Pleven region (Bulgaria). Methods A retrospective study of the incidence of syphilis in Bulgaria and in the Pleven district was conducted. Documentary method was applied. A comparative analysis of statistical data from National Center of Public Health and Analyses -Sofia, Regional Health Inspectorate - Pleven, and annual reports on the work of the Consulting Room on Sexually Transmitted Infections - Pleven was carried out. The study extends over the period 2009-2018. Extensive and intensive indicators for data analysis were applied - number of cases (n), morbidity (per 100,000 population), sex and age distribution of cases reported. Results There were 119 cases of syphilis registered in the Pleven district during 2009-2018, with gender distribution showing a slight predominance of men - 66 (55%) versus 53 (45%) in women. All ages are affected, but the largest group is 25-29 years of age - 28 cases, followed by the age group 20-24 - 25 cases. Three cases of congenital syphilis were registered in the district of Pleven. Conclusions The reported incidence of syphilis probably does not correspond to the real one. The observed trend in the spread of the disease can be overcome by improving the effectiveness of control. Such can be accomplished by active search for patients, adequate treatment, monitoring in dispensary, individual approach to risk groups of population, and preventive activities. Key messages Syphilis is a disease that is subject to international surveillance and control. Trends of syphilis in Pleven region (Bulgaria).

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics of Carrying Viral Hepatitis B Antigen in the Population of the Nišava District

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Marina Kostić ◽  
Biljana Kocić ◽  
Nataša Rančić
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Summary The aim of this paper was to determine the trend of diseases and epidemiological characteristics of viral antigen carrying of hepatitis B for better implementation of prevention and control of the disease activity. The annual reports, reports of diseases - deaths from infectious diseases, epidemiological survey of the Public Health Institute (IPH) Niš were used as the material. The period from 2002 to 2011 in the Nišava District was considered. A descriptive method was used. HBsAg carrying shows an upward trend (y=15+3.27 x). Most carriers are males (57.27%), live in urban areas (98.16/ 100.000 population), average age 41.92 years old ±SD 18.59, pensioners (22.42%). 54.05% are nephrology patients (almost all retirees under the age of 60 years old). Only 15.76% were hospitalized. The data on the vaccination status are insufficient. In 5.45%, co-infection with hepatitis C virus was found. 63.33% belong to the group of patients for whom there were no data on the mode of transmission. Hemodialysis patients make 16.67%, blood donors 9.39%, 6.36% pregnant women and injecting drug users 1.21%. The upward trend of carrying, the presence of all known risk groups in the population of carrying in the Nišava District points to the need for improved epidemiological surveillance, strict application of protective measures, conducting of statutory vaccination of all categories of people exposed to particular risk of infection as well as continuing education on preventive measures of both population and health care providers.

scholarly journals Nurse-led PrEP-RN clinic: a prospective cohort study exploring task-Shifting HIV prevention to public health nurses

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e040817
Author(s):  
Patrick O'Byrne ◽  
Amanda Vandyk ◽  
Lauren Orser ◽  
Marlene Haines
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Risk Criteria

ObjectiveTo report the results of a nurse-led pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery service.DesignThis was a prospective cohort study conducted from 5 August 2018 to 4 March 2020. It involved manual chart review to collect data. Variables were described using frequencies and percentages and analysed using χ2 testing. Those significant in bivariate analysis were retained and entered into a binary multiple logistic regression. Hierarchical modelling was used, and only significant factors were retained.SettingThis study occurred in an urban public health unit and community-based sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Ottawa, Canada.ParticipantsOf all persons who were diagnosed with a bacterial STI in Ottawa and everyone who presented to our STI clinic during the study period, there were 347 patients who met our high-risk criteria for PrEP; these criteria included patients who newly presented with any of the following: HIV contacts, diagnosed with a bacterial STI or single use of HIV PEP. Further, eligibility could be determined based on clinical judgement. Patients who met the foregoing criteria were appropriate for PrEP-RN, while lower-risk patients were referred to elsewhere. Of the 347 patients who met our high-risk criteria, 47% accepted and 53% declined. Of those who accepted, 80% selected PrEP-registered nurse (RN).Primary and secondary outcome measuresUptake, acceptance, engagement and attrition factors of participants who obtained PrEP through PrEP-RN.Findings69% of participants who were eligible attended their intake PrEP-RN visit. 66% were retained in care. Half of participants continued PrEP and half were lost to follow-up. We found no significant differences in the uptake, acceptance, engagement and attrition factors of participants who accessed PrEP-RN regarding reason for referral, age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, annual income, education attainted, insurance status, if they have a primary care provider, presence or absence of depression or anxiety and evidence of newly acquired STI during the study period.ConclusionsNurse-led PrEP is an appropriate strategy for PrEP delivery.

scholarly journals Congenital syphilis in Marabá (State of Pará, Brazil): epidemiological analysis of a decade

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Caroline Mendes Santos ◽  
Daniela Soares Leite
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Congenital syphilis (CS) is a systemic infect contagious disease, sexually transmitted, easily diagnosed, with effective and low cost treatment. Thus, the existence of a paradox is detached, once infectious diseases of greater complexity have already been controlled. In its congenital form, syphilis in Brazil constitutes a sentry event of high magnitude that presents unfavorable indicators in terms of its control. In the State of Pará, Marabá is the municipality with the highest number of cases in the past years. The aimed of this study was describing a clinical-epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis in Marabá, from 2006 to 2015. This was a descriptive, retrospective and documental study which analyzed secondary data from SINAN/SMS/SVS/DATASUS/Marabá/PA. Between 2006 and 2015, 323 cases of CS were notified in Marabá. The incidence of congenital syphilis of 6.5 cases per 1,000 live births from 2006-2015 is 6.5 the Ministry of Health goal; from 2012 to 2015 the rates were 8, 9.8, 26.3 and 11.3/1,000, respectively. Most pregnant women performed prenatal (88.6%), was between 20 and 24 years old (62.2%), 26.6% did not finish Middle School. Most partners, 67.5%, of the pregnants diagnosed with did not perform treatment; in 55% of cases, the maternal syphilis diagnosis happened during labor/curettage. Congenital syphilis in Marabá overcame the highest incidence in 2014, with 26.3 cases per 1,000 live births. This great value in 2014 may be a result of the campaign "It's possible to born without syphilis in Pará", released by the Secretary of State for Health of Pará at the end of 2013, since in periods of huge campaigns there is an increase of notifications, due to easier access to the diagnosis of the disease. In the year of 2015, an incidence of 11.3 cases per 1,000 live births was observed, this abrupt decrease, compared to 2014, corroborates with the influence of the campaigns in the detection of new cases. The cases of congenital syphilis notified in the Municipality of Marabá demonstrated failures in the prenatal service, particularly in the time of verification of gestational syphilis and in the treatment of the partners. However, most cases had a positive outcome, with a low number of pre and perinatal deaths due to CS. According to the section of Epidemiological Surveillance of Marabá, many factors are responsible for the high incidence of congenital syphilis in the municipality, among them the lack of clarification of the pregnants/mothers about syphilis, a low demand by the prenatal care and the low attendance of partners, what unfeasible the effective control of this disease, as well as the precarious training of health professionals, who give little importance to the disease and show difficulty to interpret lab results. The correct notification (if there is a higher quality in the reports, the number will be closer to the real), investigation of cases, appropriate treatment and implementation of measures to prevent new cases of congenital syphilis will contribute to the reduction of cases in Marabá.

Enteric disease episodes and the risk of acquiring a future sexually transmitted infection: a prediction model in Montreal residents

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Caron ◽  
Robert Allard ◽  
Lucie Bédard ◽  
Jérôme Latreille ◽  
David L Buckeridge
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Disease Episode

Abstract Objective. The sexual transmission of enteric diseases poses an important public health challenge. We aimed to build a prediction model capable of identifying individuals with a reported enteric disease who could be at risk of acquiring future sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Materials and Methods. Passive surveillance data on Montreal residents with at least 1 enteric disease report was used to construct the prediction model. Cases were defined as all subjects with at least 1 STI report following their initial enteric disease episode. A final logistic regression prediction model was chosen using forward stepwise selection. Results. The prediction model with the greatest validity included age, sex, residential location, number of STI episodes experienced prior to the first enteric disease episode, type of enteric disease acquired, and an interaction term between age and male sex. This model had an area under the curve of 0.77 and had acceptable calibration. Discussion. A coordinated public health response to the sexual transmission of enteric diseases requires that a distinction be made between cases of enteric diseases transmitted through sexual activity from those transmitted through contaminated food or water. A prediction model can aid public health officials in identifying individuals who may have a higher risk of sexually acquiring a reportable disease. Once identified, these individuals could receive specialized intervention to prevent future infection. Conclusion. The information produced from a prediction model capable of identifying higher risk individuals can be used to guide efforts in investigating and controlling reported cases of enteric diseases and STIs.

scholarly journals Re-emergence of syphilis in women of reproductive age and its association with the increase in congenital syphilis in Mexico during 2010–2019: an ecological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santa García-Cisneros ◽  
Antonia Herrera-Ortiz ◽  
Maria Olamendi-Portugal ◽  
Miguel Angel Sánchez-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that is re-emerging in different parts of the world. This infection can be transmitted during pregnancy, causing neonatal syphilis. The objective of this study was to examine trend in syphilis, congenital syphilis, and neonatal deaths among the Mexican population during 2010–2019. Methods An ecological study was carried out to collect information about the incidence of syphilis, the incidence of congenital syphilis, and the incidence of neonatal death from congenital syphilis. The variables were described considering age, sex, Mexican state, and year. Trends across time (calendar year) were analyzed using linear regression, increases were estimated with 95% confidence intervals, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of syphilis increased by an average of 0.336 cases/100,000 per year and was higher among women aged 15–19 years (0.693 cases). Cases of congenital syphilis increased from 62 cases in 2010 to 372 cases in 2019; furthermore, the increase in syphilis cases among women aged 20 to 24 years was associated with an increase in cases of congenital syphilis. In 2010, 50% of Mexican states did not report cases of congenital syphilis, but in 2018, only 10% did not report cases of congenital syphilis. Between 2010 and 2018, 83 neonatal deaths were reported, with the highest incidence in 2018 (0.88 deaths/100,000 newborns). Conclusion The incidence of congenital syphilis is increasing in Mexico. As a consequence of the reemergence of syphilis among the population of reproductive age, it is necessary to address and treat syphilis in various population groups.

scholarly journals Syphilis Diagnosis through Oral Lesions of Different Clinical Aspects: Report of 3 Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Matheus Bruno Costa ◽  
Erika Terumi Tomisaki ◽  
Fabio Augusto Ito ◽  
Heliton Gustavo de Lima ◽  
Willian Ricardo Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Benzathine Penicillin ◽  
Incisional Biopsy ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
And Control

Abstract Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection, caused by the anaerobic spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations including the oral mucosa, mimicking several diseases, thereby making diagnosis a challenge for clinicians. Therefore, the objective of this work is to report three cases of syphilis that were diagnosed based on oral lesions of different clinical aspects. In this series of cases, the lesions were found on the tongue and hard palate and presented as white plaques, ulcers or erythematous spots associated with ulcers. In the two cases, incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathological aspects were suggestive of syphilis. Treponemic and non-treponemic tests were positive for all the patients, confirming syphilis. Therapy with benzathine-penicillin, administered intramuscularly led to complete remission of oral lesions in all the patients. The syphilis reemergence in the last years demands its inclusion in the differential diagnosis of several oral lesions. Diagnosing syphilis by oral lesions can be difficult once it can mimic other conditions. Therefore, dentists should know the clinical aspects of this infection, since many cases may exhibit only oral manifestations, to help in the diagnosis and control of the infection spread. Keywords: Syphilis. Treponemal Infections. Oral Manifestations. ResumoA sífilis é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível, causada pela espiroqueta anaeróbia Treponema pallidum. É caracterizada por uma variedade de manifestações clínicas, incluindo a mucosa oral, podendo mimetizar várias doenças, tornando o diagnóstico um desafio. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar três casos de sífilis diagnosticados a partir de lesões orais de diferentes aspectos clínicos. Nesta série de casos, as lesões foram encontradas na língua e palato duro e apresentadas como placas brancas, úlceras ou manchas eritematosas associadas a úlceras. Em dois casos, foi realizada biópsia incisional e os aspectos histopatológicos foram sugestivos de sífilis. Os testes treponêmicos e não treponêmicos foram positivos para todos os pacientes, confirmando a sífilis. A terapia com penicilina benzatina, administrada por via intramuscular, levou à remissão completa das lesões orais em todos os pacientes. O ressurgimento da sífilis nos últimos anos exige sua inclusão no diagnóstico diferencial de várias lesões bucais. O diagnóstico da sífilis por lesões orais pode ser difícil, pois pode mimetizar outras condições. Portanto, o dentista deve conhecer os aspectos clínicos dessa infecção, pois muitos casos podem apresentar apenas manifestações orais, para auxiliar no diagnóstico e controle da disseminação da infecção. Palavras-chave: Sífilis. Infecção Treponêmica. Manifestações Orais.

scholarly journals Measles in Zaporizhzhia: in the footsteps of the last epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
N. M. Polishchuk ◽  
N. L. Kolycheva ◽  
K. S. Krupiei ◽  
Yu. V. Bukina ◽  
M. Ye. Kolerova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Measles Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

In 2017–2019 in Ukraine, including the Zaporizhzhia region, a strong rise in the incidence of measles was recorded. A retrospective analysis of the incidence in the Zaporizhzhia region during this outbreak allows us to identify the main problems in the system of epidemiological surveillance to predict future possible consequences. The aim of the work is to perform a comparative analysis of measles incidence in the Zaporizhzhia region with the data obtained in the period from 2015 to 2020 according to the epidemiological criteria. Materials and methods. The annual reports of 2015–2020 provided by the Department of Epidemiological Research of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were used as materials for the retrospective epidemiological analysis of measles incidence in Zaporizhzhia region. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out according to epidemiological characteristics: age distribution, the residence of patients in urban or rural areas. Commonly used statistical methods used in medicine were used to evaluate the obtained results. Results. It is concluded that in the Zaporizhzhia region during 2015 only 2 cases of measles were detected for children, and in 2016 no measles were registered in the region at all. In 2017–2019 1.433 measles patients were identified in the Zaporizhzhia region, of which 68 % were adults and 32 % were children. The lowest detection rate of measles was registered among rural residents. Insufficient vaccination coverage of the population has become a significant reason for the spread of measles among residents of the Zaporizhzhia region. In 2020 no cases of measles have been registered in the Zaporizhzhia region. Conclusions. The prevalence of incidence rate among adults attests to the fact that today measles can not be considered only a childhood disease. The deficiency of an immune layer, both among adults and children, contributed to the rapid spread of the disease. Mandatory vaccination of children and the introduction of additional vaccination of adults, optimizing the system of epidemiological surveillance for measles, including continuous monitoring of vaccination, is the main mechanism for combating this disease.

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