Measles in Zaporizhzhia: in the footsteps of the last epidemic

In 2017–2019 in Ukraine, including the Zaporizhzhia region, a strong rise in the incidence of measles was recorded. A retrospective analysis of the incidence in the Zaporizhzhia region during this outbreak allows us to identify the main problems in the system of epidemiological surveillance to predict future possible consequences. The aim of the work is to perform a comparative analysis of measles incidence in the Zaporizhzhia region with the data obtained in the period from 2015 to 2020 according to the epidemiological criteria. Materials and methods. The annual reports of 2015–2020 provided by the Department of Epidemiological Research of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were used as materials for the retrospective epidemiological analysis of measles incidence in Zaporizhzhia region. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out according to epidemiological characteristics: age distribution, the residence of patients in urban or rural areas. Commonly used statistical methods used in medicine were used to evaluate the obtained results. Results. It is concluded that in the Zaporizhzhia region during 2015 only 2 cases of measles were detected for children, and in 2016 no measles were registered in the region at all. In 2017–2019 1.433 measles patients were identified in the Zaporizhzhia region, of which 68 % were adults and 32 % were children. The lowest detection rate of measles was registered among rural residents. Insufficient vaccination coverage of the population has become a significant reason for the spread of measles among residents of the Zaporizhzhia region. In 2020 no cases of measles have been registered in the Zaporizhzhia region. Conclusions. The prevalence of incidence rate among adults attests to the fact that today measles can not be considered only a childhood disease. The deficiency of an immune layer, both among adults and children, contributed to the rapid spread of the disease. Mandatory vaccination of children and the introduction of additional vaccination of adults, optimizing the system of epidemiological surveillance for measles, including continuous monitoring of vaccination, is the main mechanism for combating this disease.

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Carrying Viral Hepatitis B Antigen in the Population of the Nišava District

Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis ◽

10.2478/afmnai-2014-0014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 121-128

Author(s):

Marina Kostić ◽

Biljana Kocić ◽

Nataša Rančić

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Drug Users ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Care Providers ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Summary The aim of this paper was to determine the trend of diseases and epidemiological characteristics of viral antigen carrying of hepatitis B for better implementation of prevention and control of the disease activity. The annual reports, reports of diseases - deaths from infectious diseases, epidemiological survey of the Public Health Institute (IPH) Niš were used as the material. The period from 2002 to 2011 in the Nišava District was considered. A descriptive method was used. HBsAg carrying shows an upward trend (y=15+3.27 x). Most carriers are males (57.27%), live in urban areas (98.16/ 100.000 population), average age 41.92 years old ±SD 18.59, pensioners (22.42%). 54.05% are nephrology patients (almost all retirees under the age of 60 years old). Only 15.76% were hospitalized. The data on the vaccination status are insufficient. In 5.45%, co-infection with hepatitis C virus was found. 63.33% belong to the group of patients for whom there were no data on the mode of transmission. Hemodialysis patients make 16.67%, blood donors 9.39%, 6.36% pregnant women and injecting drug users 1.21%. The upward trend of carrying, the presence of all known risk groups in the population of carrying in the Nišava District points to the need for improved epidemiological surveillance, strict application of protective measures, conducting of statutory vaccination of all categories of people exposed to particular risk of infection as well as continuing education on preventive measures of both population and health care providers.

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Gender-Age Distribution of Patients with COVID-19 at Different Stages of Epidemic in Moscow

Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections ◽

10.21055/0370-1069-2020-3-27-35 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 27-35

Author(s):

V. G. Akimkin ◽

S. N. Kuzin ◽

T. A. Semenenko ◽

A. A. Ploskireva ◽

D. V. Dubodelov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Distribution ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Ratio ◽

The World ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

Male Cohort ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic around the world and in Russia remains a major event of 2020. All over the world, research is being conducted to comprehensively study the patterns and manifestations of the epidemic process. The main quantitative characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics among the population, based on the data of official monitoring over the current situation, play an important role in the development of the epidemiological surveillance system.The aim of this study is to explore the peculiarities of age-gender distribution of COVID-19 patients in Moscow.Material and methods. The data related to the epidemiological characteristics of age-gender structure of COVID-19 patients in Moscow between March 19, 2020 and April 15, 2020, at different stages of the epidemic were retrospectively analyzed.Results and discussion. The mean age of COVID-19 patients in Moscow was 46,41±20,58 years. The gender ratio (male/female) among the patients was 52.7/47.3 %, wherein the indicators varied depending upon the age. Male/female ratio in the age group “under 39” stood at 53.7/46.3 %, and “over 40 years of age” – at 39.3/60.7 %. The predominant age range among male cases was 19 to 39 years old – 35.4 %, while among female patients – 40–59 years (36.5 %). The age distribution of patients in Moscow is indicative of the fact that COVID-19 is a disease that primarily affects older age groups. The age structure of all COVID-19 cases during the observation period is characterized by predominance of adult patients over 19 years of age – 92,7 % (92,6–92,8 %), the share of patients aged 40–59 years is 35,7% (35,5–35,9 %). The differences in the age distribution in males and females are as follows: in the male cohort, the age groups 19–39 years old and 40–59 years old prevail – 35.4 % (35.1–35.7 %) and 34.9 % (34.6–35.2 %), respectively. The age group 40–59 years old – 36.5 % (36.3–36.8%) dominates in the female cohort.

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Epidemiological, ecological and clinico-laboratory characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Saint-Petersburg and suburb

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-2-126-134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 126-134

Author(s):

V. V. Nechaev ◽

I. I. Yarovayа ◽

I. V. Gorbunova ◽

O. V. Meo ◽

I. P. Fedunjk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Mammals ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Federal District ◽

Clinical Infectious Disease ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Epidemiological Analysis ◽

Analysis Of Cases ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

The goal is to identify the epidemiological, territorial-epidemiological, environmental, clinical and features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in order to improve epidemiological surveillance in a large metropolis of the Northwestern Federal District.Materials and methods. An epidemiological analysis of cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in St. Petersburg for 2005–2019 was carried out and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 135 patients hospitalized in the S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital were studied. 70 patients identified combined HFRS diseases associated with other pathogens of viral and bacterial nature. An epidemiological analysis of cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in St. Petersburg for 2005–2018 and long-term monitoring of the zoological, epizootological state of small mammals in several districts of St. Petersburg and its suburbs were carried out. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 135 patients were studied, of which 70 patients identified combined hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome diseases associated with other pathogens of a viral and bacterial nature. To assess the epizootological situation, trapped rodents were examined for the presence of viral antigen and antibodies using the method of indirect immunofluorescence with the Xantagnost diagnosticum and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.Results. The long-term dynamics of the incidence rate in St. Petersburg had a fluctuant rising character with two peaks. The proportion of diseases during the first rise was 11,5%, the second – 44,2% of the long-term incidence. Men prevailed in the age groups of 20-49 years without changes in periods. The proportion of women 20–49 years old was 20,7%, increased to 52,8 % in age groups over 50 years old. When distributed by month in a period of high incidence, the seasonal rise began in September with a peak in October. Infection with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients – residents of the city occurred mainly (with 35.5%), in the nearby territories of the Northwestern Federal District with 8.9% - in remote areas and with 5,9% in the countries of near and far abroad. The epidemiological situation in places of temporary residence and infection of people was characterized by an increase in the number of small mammals (redbacked voles) and, in particular, infection from 2,9 to 4,4%. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome diseases occurred in the form of moderate severity in 94,4% cases. Severe forms were found in only 5,6% of cases. In the structure of combined infection in 25,9–22,3%, there was a combination of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with gastroenterocolitis and influenza, serologically confirmed. In 17,6% of cases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome was combined with other zoonoses (Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, pseudotuberculosis, leptospirosis, tularemia), in 17,6% with of various etiologies. The presence of combinations of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with other infections complicates the clinical diagnosis.

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Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series in Sinaloa

10.1101/2020.07.07.20146332 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giordano Perez Gaxiola ◽

Rosalino Flores Rocha ◽

Julio Cesar Valadez Vidarte ◽

Melissa Hernandez Alcaraz ◽

Gilberto Herrera Mendoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Series ◽

The State ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Pediatric Hospital ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Wide Range ◽

Adults And Children ◽

Secondary Hospital ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus may affect both adults and children. Although the disease, named COVID-19, has a lower prevalence in infancy and has been described as mild, the clinical characteristics may vary and there is a possibility of complications. Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric cases confirmed in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, during the first three months of the pandemic, and of children admitted with COVID-19 to a secondary hospital. Methods: This case series includes all patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR testing, identified in the state epidemiological surveillance system between March 1 and May 31, 2020. Confirmed patients admitted to the Sinaloa Pediatric Hospital (HPS) during the same dates are also described. Results: Fifty one children with SARS-CoV-2 were included, 10 of the admitted to HPS. The median age was 10 years. The more frequent symptoms were fever (78%), cough (67%) and headache (57%). Most cases were mild or asymptomatic. Three patients with comorbidities died. Only 4 of 10 patients identified in HPS had been admitted with the diagnosis of possible COVID-19. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children was mostly mild or asymptomatic, but with a wide range of clinical presentations.

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Epidemiological surveillance of syphilis in Pleven region, Bulgaria

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.932 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

M Karcheva ◽

H Haydudova ◽

D Gospodinov

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Congenital Syphilis ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection whose significance to the public health does not lose its relevance. Changes in the epidemiology of the disease were observed in the last decade. This study describes the trends of syphilis in Pleven region (Bulgaria). Methods A retrospective study of the incidence of syphilis in Bulgaria and in the Pleven district was conducted. Documentary method was applied. A comparative analysis of statistical data from National Center of Public Health and Analyses -Sofia, Regional Health Inspectorate - Pleven, and annual reports on the work of the Consulting Room on Sexually Transmitted Infections - Pleven was carried out. The study extends over the period 2009-2018. Extensive and intensive indicators for data analysis were applied - number of cases (n), morbidity (per 100,000 population), sex and age distribution of cases reported. Results There were 119 cases of syphilis registered in the Pleven district during 2009-2018, with gender distribution showing a slight predominance of men - 66 (55%) versus 53 (45%) in women. All ages are affected, but the largest group is 25-29 years of age - 28 cases, followed by the age group 20-24 - 25 cases. Three cases of congenital syphilis were registered in the district of Pleven. Conclusions The reported incidence of syphilis probably does not correspond to the real one. The observed trend in the spread of the disease can be overcome by improving the effectiveness of control. Such can be accomplished by active search for patients, adequate treatment, monitoring in dispensary, individual approach to risk groups of population, and preventive activities. Key messages Syphilis is a disease that is subject to international surveillance and control. Trends of syphilis in Pleven region (Bulgaria).

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Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Infections Associated with Surgery and Treatment of Oncological Diseases

Creative Surgery and Oncology ◽

10.24060/2076-3093-2019-9-2-151-156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 151-156

Author(s):

G. G. Badamshina ◽

V. B. Ziatdinov ◽

L. M. Fatkhutdinova ◽

G. M. Тrukhina ◽

B. A. Bakirov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incidence Structure ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Managerial Decision ◽

Efficient Tool ◽

Epidemiological Analysis ◽

Oncological Diseases ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

The City ◽

Statistical Record

Introduction. In the Russian Federation there is a constantly updated register of infections associated with surgery and the treatment of oncological diseases reporting which is mandatory. Massive expenses and detriment to patients’ health caused by these infections prompted the authors to run a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the morbidity registered in the population of the city of Kazan during the period under review. This paper presents a study of patterns of the emergence and spread of nosocomial infections.This study aims to examine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infections associated with surgery and the treatment of oncological diseases registered in the population of the city of Kazan.Materials and methods. Authors analysed the Emergency Notifications for an Infectious Disease (form 058/u) as well as the data from the Rospotrebnadzor Federal Statistical Record Form №2. The paper presents the morbidity annual dynamics, structure and spatial characteristics and describes key pathogens of HAIs.Results and discussion. On the basis of the data obtained the authors give clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the annual dynamics of the morbidity characterised by recurrent rises during the year with the top incidence in the autumn. Neonatal PSI infections dominate the HAIs incidence structure (52.8%). St. aureus is the priority HAI pathogen (26.5% of cases) in the city of Kazan.Conclusion. Microbiological monitoring of emerging HAIs is an efficient tool for managerial decision making and the development of an algorithm for anti-epidemic measures in the departments and the hospital as a whole for the reduction of risk of infection.

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Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of group A streptococcus recovered from patients in Beijing, China

10.21203/rs.2.22135/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hongxin Li ◽

Lin Zhou ◽

Yong Zhao ◽

Lijuan Ma ◽

Xiaoyan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Gene Profiling ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Erythromycin Resistance ◽

Children's Hospital ◽

Children’S Hospital ◽

Group A ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen responsible for a broad range of infections. Epidemiological surveillance has been crucial to detect changes in the geographical and temporal variation of the disease pattern. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of GAS isolates from patients in Children’s Hospital in Beijing. Methods: From 2016 to 2017, pharyngeal swab samples were collected from the outpatients in Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, who were diagnosed with scarlet fever. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the distribution of conventional antibiotics and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. The distribution of the macrolide-resistance genes ( ermB, ermA, mefA ), emm (M protein-coding gene) typing, and superantigens (SAg) gene profiling were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: A total of 297 GAS isolates were collected. The susceptibility of the isolates to penicillin, ceftriaxone, and levofloxacin was 100%. The resistance rate to erythromycin and clindamycin was 98.3% and 96.6%, respectively. The dominant emm types were emm12 (65.32%), emm1 (27.61%), emm75 (2.69%), and emm89 (1.35%). Of the 297 isolates, 290 (97.64%) carried the ermB gene, and 5 (1.68%) carried the mefA gene, while none carried the ermA gene. The most common superantigen genes identified from GAS isolates were smeZ (96.97%) , speC (92.59%), speG (91.58%), ssa (85.52%), speI (54.55%), speH (52.19%), and speA (34.34%). Isolates with the genotype emm1 possessed speA , speC , speG , speJ , speM , ssa , and smeZ , while emm12 possessed speC , speG , speH , speI , speM , ssa , and smeZ superantigens. Conclusions: The prevalent strain of GAS isolates in Beijing has a high resistance rate to macrolides; however, penicillin can still be the preferred antibiotic for treatment. Erythromycin resistance was predominantly mediated by ermB. The common emm types were emm12 and emm1. There was a correlation between emm and the superantigen gene. Thus, long-term monitoring and investigation of the emm types and superantigen genes of GAS prevalence are imperative.

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Infectious morbidity and resource provision for infectious disease service in municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17750/kmj2017-1029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 1029-1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A M Galieva ◽

A Yu Vafin ◽

I E Kravchenko ◽

A N Galiullin

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Well Being ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Rural People ◽

Infectious Morbidity ◽

Part Time ◽

The Republic ◽

Infectious Disease Service ◽

Administrative Center

Aim. To conduct analysis of resource provision for medical care for patients with infectious pathology and to study primary infectious morbidity at the level of municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. Methods. Study of primary infectious morbidity according to official statistics of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in the Republic of Tatarstan based on form No. 2 with extracting data in 495 units, annual reports of Infectious Disease Service of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2005-2015 - 66 units. The analysis of resource provision according to the central regional hospitals data, with extracting data in 70 units. Results. During the period of 2005-2015 the highest rates of primary infectious morbidity were observed in municipal districts where the administrative center is a city (13 054.01 per 100 000 population), the lowest - in rural areas (7953.6). The level of infectious morbidity in municipal districts is significantly lower than in average across the Republic of Tatarstan (р ˂0.05). 3 municipal districts having different types of administrative center are studied: Zainsky (urban population 72%), Apastovsky (rural people 73.9%), Drozhzhanovsky (rural people 100%) districts. The highest level of infectious morbidity in Zainsky District (2005 - 10 510; 2015 - 11 800.85 per 100 000 population), Apastovsky (7600.0 and 3612.44) and Drozhzhanovsky district (1629.68 and 4765.84). Differences in resource provision for infectious disease service are established: Zainsky district (there is an infectiologist, infectious beds, infectious disease office, specialized laboratory), Apastovsky district (service in infectious disease office is provided by part-time infectiologist), Drozhzhanovsky district (service in infectious disease office is provided by a nurse). In Drozhzhanovsky and Apastovsky districts there are no infectious beds and specialized laboratories. Conclusion. Level of infectious morbidity in municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan is closely related to the type of municipal district and resource provision for infectious disease service.

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CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS

Clinical & experimental pathology ◽

10.24061/1727-4338.xix.4.74.2020.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

Author(s):

I.A. Malishevsky

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Epidemiological Analysis ◽

Software Packages ◽

Abdominal Organs ◽

Microsoft Office ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Epidemiological Parameters

Purpose – to determine the statistical and epidemiological parameters of malignantneoplasms of the abdominal cavity organs.Material and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the Chernivtsi RegionalClinical Oncological Dispensary and covers observation materials during 2019 andstatistical reporting concerning 21259 patients with tumors of various localization. The calculation of indices was carried out using software packages MS Access and MS Excelbased on the Microsoft Office medium.Results. Neoplasms of the abdominal organs account for 32.4%-37.1% of the totalnumber of neoplasms of various localization. The distribution of patients with malignantdiseases of the abdominal organs by developmental stages is relatively uniform, despitesignificant differences in various localizations of neoplasmsConclusions. Malignant neoplasms of the abdominal organs account for 32.4%(registered) and 37.1% of the newly diagnosed of the total number of tumors of variouslocalization, indicating the importance of further research. A significant part of tumors ofthe abdominal cavity organs are diagnosed in the late (III-IV) stages of the pathologicalprocess development (up to 94.7% in the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract). Therevealed significant differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics requirefurther research.

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Epidemiological Surveillance To Establish Thresholds For Influenza Among Children In Satellite Cities Of A metropolitan area of Tokyo, Japan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-598195/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayako Matsuda ◽

Kei Asayama ◽

Taku Obara ◽

Naoto Yagi ◽

Takayoshi Ohkubo

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Type A ◽

World Health ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Influenza Epidemic ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Few reports have longitudinally investigated seasonal influenza epidemiological surveillance data of pediatric populations in the metropolitan areas of Japan. We aimed to provide descriptive characteristics of circulating influenza and to investigate the usefulness of setting thresholds for influenza in children (0–15 years old) in two satellite cities of a metropolitan area of Tokyo, Japan, for five consecutive seasons of the influenza epidemic.Methods: The survey was conducted annually during the influenza season, from 2014 to 2018 (ending March 2019), at preschools (kindergartens and nursery schools), elementary schools, and junior high schools located in Toda and Warabi cities, Saitama prefecture. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics and established thresholds using the World Health Organization method.Results: Of the 108,362 children (21,024 to 22,088 throughout five seasons) who received the questionnaire, 76,753 (70.8%; 14,652 to 15,808) responded. After exclusion of responses without basic information, 64,586 children were included in the analysis, of which 13,754 (21.3%) had tested positive for influenza. Influenza type A was generally dominant, whereas type B was responsible for a substantial share of all influenza cases (>40% in seasons 2015 and 2017, when type A circulated with low incidence). The weeks when the influenza epidemic peaked had no clear seasonal pattern among the surveyed years, i.e., the peaks appeared at week 51 (mid-December) or later, whereas the World Health Organization methods reported that the median period when a peak was observed was at 3 weeks (mid-January), regardless of school age group.Conclusions: The present information obtained from the epidemiological survey regarding seasonal influenza in children would be useful for general practitioners, health policymakers, and planners who establish prevention and control methods against influenza.

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