scholarly journals Contribution of research-based pharmaceutical companies in Germany to personalised medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Turulski ◽  
D Matusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Mesh Term ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background The term Personlised Medicine (PM) was introduced to the public more than 20 years ago and was related to tailor-made medicines and a treatment considering the individual human genome. In the meantime, the term PM can be found with various definitions in several different contexts. Considering this, the aim of this research is to analyse the current status of PM in Germany, especially with regard to scientific articles and the pharmaceutical industry. Methods First, a systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science. Each search strategy was adapted to the database conditions and consisted of the search terms personalised medicine or the MeSH term precision medicine, additionally pharmaceutical industry and Germany in topic, title or abstract (the Boolean operator AND was applied). Only results in German or English with an available abstract were considered. Second, the websites of all 47 members of the German association of research-based pharmaceutical companies (vfa) were systematically screened referring to their position and communication in terms of PM. Results The literature research yielded a total of only 4 results. The scope of the papers is nanomedicine, an interview study and gene disorders. The second research part shows differences on the company websites: More than half of the companies have no relation to PM or an analysis was not possible (n = 25). Some were categorized with indirect relation (n = 3) and on 19 websites PM was communicated in different ways. Conclusions The literature research clearly shows that although PM is not a new topic and furthermore, the research of pharmaceutical companies in this area is widely required, the number of scientific articles found is very low. The screening of company websites underlines this result as only 19 of 47 companies take a position to PM here and the scope varies greatly. Nevertheless, it is necessary to examine the reasons and how Germany compares to other countries. Key messages Although introduced more than 20 years ago, the appearance of PM by German pharmaceutical companies in scientific articles is quite low. The difference in companies’ communication should be examined.

scholarly journals Network Simulation of a Transportation System Based on Accelerating Moving Walkway for Efficient and Sustainable Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 10463-10467
Keyword(s):  
Network Simulation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Many transportation systems were developed across the world for rapid transportation of pedestrians in both congested and sustainable cities. This leads to the development of the individual place or area for sure. Perhaps a bit of traffic cannot be controlled at this moment even though many transportation systems were installed as discussed. Accelerating moving walkways are one of the premium techniques involved in the present scenario which has an immense stage of operation in this advanced world. Previous Articles discussed the difference between AMW to other transportation systems, now this paper involves the methodology of this system how the public can transform from one place to another place in an easy way. Here the system prepared in a batch mode transportation technique where limited pedestrians can only be transformed under some parameters like weight, persons and consumption of place. The plots of different speeds were developed using MATLAB and a sample model was drawn in CREO.

scholarly journals H σχέση των συναισθημάτων με την εστιαζόμενη στον εαυτό προσοχή και την ρύθμιση της συμπεριφοράς

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Γεωργία Παναγιώτου ◽  
Δημήτρης Αγοραστός
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The present study has two aims: First it summarizes current theory and research on the association between self-consciousness/self-focused attention and different aspects of emotions in both typical and clinical populations. Second, it presents some new findings which address this association. As described in the literature, in the process of achieving one’s goals the individual compares oneself with standards and regulates one’s behavior, making behavioral adjustments or changing the goal in order to minimize the difference between one’s current status and one’s goals. During this self-evaluation process, which is an inherent part of self-regulation, attention is focused on the self and can be related to either positive or negative emotions depending on the subjective evaluation regarding the likelihood of achieving one’s goals. In psychopathology this process seems to dysfunction, so that the individual is trapped in a vicious cycle of negative emotion and increased self-focused attention/selfconsciousness. Research suggests that specific emotions, or their dimensions are associated with increased self-focused attention but it remains unclear which these dimensions are and how are related to psychopathology. Τhe findings we present attempt to separate the effects of the basic affective dimensions of valence, arousal and dominance on increased self-focused attention.

An Assessment of Recent Changes in the Uniform Accountancy Act

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Colbert ◽  
Dennis Murray
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Certified Public Accountants ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Joint Effort ◽  
Occupational Licensing ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Individual

The Uniform Accountancy Act (UAA) is the product of a joint effort by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy. It is intended to serve as a model for public accountancy legislation by the individual states, and is designed to protect the public interest, promote high professional standards, and advance the goal of uniformity across jurisdictions. In response to growing dissatisfaction with the current status of professional accountancy regulation, the UAA was substantially revised in 1998. Based on existing rationales for governmental involvement in occupational licensing, we assess whether selected changes reflected in the revised UAA are consistent with its stated public interest objective. We conclude that many, but not all, of these changes are in the public interest. Based on an economic theory of regulation, the paper also examines the likelihood that the states will adopt the proposed changes. Because the CPA profession is well positioned to significantly influence accountancy regulations, we hypothesize that the UAA changes which are in the best interest of existing members of the profession will tend to be adopted more quickly and more pervasively.

scholarly journals Sewage system design for the Čierna Lehota - Slavošovce – Rochovce agglomeration

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00108
Author(s):  
Adam Repel ◽  
Martina Zeleňáková ◽  
Gabriel Markovič ◽  
Lenka Findoráková
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Individual

The development of public sewerage systems in Slovakia is significantly behind in the state of supply of drinking water. The number of inhabitants connected to the public sewerage system in Slovakia is considerably lagging behind in the state of the population supplied with drinking water, by about 28.4% less in the number of connected inhabitants. Designing sewerage in urbanized areas improves the quality of the environment and the quality of life of townspeople and municipalities. The aim of the paper is the processing of basic information about the current status of the affected area, designing alternative solutions for the sewerage subject area, a comparison of alternatives for proposed activity and the rationale for the selection of the optimal solution. An area of interest for the design of sewerage is the Čierna Lehota – Slavošovce – Rochovce agglomeration, which is located in the Košice Region in eastern Slovakia. The problem of this agglomeration is the method for the disposal of wastewaters, which are disposed of in non-ecological septic tanks or discharged directly into a local stream. In the paper are three proposals in the form of three different variants of sewage system according to relevant standards and documentation. At the end of this paper, an evaluation of the individual variants is presented.

scholarly journals The 2013 clinical course descriptors for multiple sclerosis

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (24) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred D. Lublin ◽  
Timothy Coetzee ◽  
Jeffrey A. Cohen ◽  
Ruth A. Marrie ◽  
Alan J. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Regulatory Decisions

The clinical courses of multiple sclerosis were defined in 1996 and refined in 2013 to provide a time-based assessment of the current status of the individual. These definitions have been successfully used by clinicians, clinical trialists, and regulatory authorities. Recent regulatory decisions produced variations and discrepancies in the use of the clinical course descriptions. We provide here a clarification of the concepts underlying these descriptions and restate the principles used in their development. Importantly, we highlight the critical importance of time framing the disease course modifiers activity and progression and clarify the difference between the terms worsening and progressing.

scholarly journals XI. Further experiments and observations on the action of poisons on the animal system. By B. C. Brodie, Esq. F. R. S. Communicated to the Society for the improvement of animal chemistry, and by them to the Royal Society

1812 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 205-227 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Animal System ◽  
Mode Of Application ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Since I had the honour of communicating to the Royal Society some observations on the action of certain poisons on the animal system, I have been engaged in the further pro­secution of this inquiry. Besides some additional experiments on vegetable poisons, I have instituted several with a view to explain the effects of some of the more powerful poisons of the mineral kingdom. The former correspond in their results so nearly with those which are already before the public, that, in the present communication, I shall confine myself to those which appear to be of some importance, as they more par­ticularly confirm my former conclusions respecting the reco­very of animals apparently dead, where the cause of death operates exclusively on the nervous system. In my experi­ments on mineral poisons, I have found some circumstances wherein their effects differ from those of vegetable poisons, and of these I shall give a more particular account. What­ever may be the value of the observations themselves, the subject must be allowed to be one that is deserving of inves­tigation, as it does not appear unreasonable to expect that such investigation may hereafter lead to some improvements in the healing art. This consideration, I should hope, will be regarded as a sufficient apology for my pursuing a mode of inquiry by means of experiments on brute animals, of which we might well question the propriety, if no other purpose were to be answered by it than the gratification of curiosity. In my former communication on this subject, I entered into a detailed account of the majority of my experiments. This I conceived necessary, because in the outset of the inquiry I had been led to expect that even the same poison might not always operate precisely in the same manner; but I have since had abun­dant proof, that in essential circumstances there is but little variety in the effects produced by poisons of any description, when employed on animals of the same, or even of different species, beyond what may be referred to the difference in the quantity, or mode of application of the poison, or of the age and power of the animal. This will explain the reason of my not detailing, in the present communication, so many of the individual experiments from which my conclusions are drawn, as in the former; at the same time I have not been less care­ful to avoid drawing general conclusions from only a limited number of facts. Should these conclusions prove fewer, and of less importance than might be expected, such defects will, I trust, be regarded with indulgence; at least by those, who are aware of the difficulty of conducting a series of physiological experiments; of the time, which they necessarily occupy; of the numerous sources of fallacy and failure which exist; and of the laborious attention to the minutest circumstances, which is in consequence necessary in order to avoid being led into error.

ANALYSIS THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISES ON THE MARKET OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Kovalova ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Gliebova ◽  
Karina Fedosova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The Difference

The article analyzed the peculiarities of the pharmaceutical industry in Ukraine, its structure. Unlike other areas of the domestic economy, during the period of Ukrainian independence the pharmaceutical industry developed quite dynamically, more or less successfully overcoming economic crises, which Ukraine experienced. The pharmaceutical market belongs to the group of highly competitive and mature markets in Ukraine. This is largely due to innovative activities of modern pharmaceutical companies. The specificity of the pharmaceutical field, the difference of medicines from other goods on the market and the dependence of pharmaceuticals on the dominant model of medicine of a particular market (country) determines the uniqueness of the innovation process of the enterprises of the pharmaceutical market. The relevance of the research is due to the need to further increase the innovation potential of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, as it is directly related to the health of nations. The article identified the subjects of economic relations of the pharmaceutical market, which constitute it. The capacity of the pharmaceutical market was considered and the main key factors of its success were identified (innovation, product portfolio, sales development, new markets, modernization of fixed assets). The top 20 global innovative companies in terms of market capitalization are presented. The features of innovative activity of modern pharmaceutical companies such as: PAT "Farmak", PAT "Scientific-production center" Borshchagivskiy chemical-pharmaceutical plant", Corporation "Arterium", LLC "FK "Health", PF "Darnitsa", LLC "Kusum Pharm", PF "Viola". The classification of innovations in terms of possible directions and capital intensity of innovation activities in the pharmaceutical field was analyzed. The article also examined the structure of costs for external and internal research and development by pharmaceutical companies. The volume of investment in R&D (Research and Development ) by different pharmaceutical companies was analyzed.

scholarly journals Who Has Higher Willingness to Pay for Occupational Safety and Health?—Views from Groups with Different Public Identities and Differences in Attention

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Xinru Huang ◽  
Ruyin Long
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

Background: Occupational safety and health issues are closely associated with the wellbeing and survival of every worker and family, as well as of society as a whole. It is a type of typical public issue and requires cooperative governance among different governing subjects. Methods: According to the questionnaire investigation on 2179 subjects with different identities, the research explored the willingness to pay (WTP) for occupational safety and health and the degree of attention, with different identities, through the difference analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. The research studied the relationship between public attention and WTP through the methods of cross-analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Results: (1) The public show a disregard attitude to occupational safety and health. (2) The public expect the government to fund and solve occupational safety and health problems rather than for themselves to pay directly. (3) Over 50% of questionnaire respondents defined occupational safety and health problems as being classified into two categories, namely, “no attention—government payment” or “no attention—refusal of individual payment”, according to the analysis. (4) The level of attention paid to occupational safety and health can significantly predict the individual income WTP, item WTP, subject WTP, and event WTP. Conclusions: This research aimed to outline the implications for the governance of occupational safety and health.

scholarly journals Cost variation analysis of oral anti-diabetic drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1709
Author(s):  
Rekha Mehani ◽  
Parag Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medical Specialities

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality and needs lifelong treatment. There are large numbers of oral anti-diabetic drugs available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are numerous brands available for each of the individual oral anti-diabetic drug. Thus, a study was planned to find out cost variation among different brands of same active oral anti-diabetic drug.Methods: Cost of a particular drug being manufactured by different companies, in the same strength and dosage forms was obtained from the price list provided by the pharmaceutical companies in Current Index of Medical Specialities (CIMS) (October 2017- January 2018). The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage variation in price was analyzed.Results: Percentage cost variation of the commonly used drugs found was seen highest with Sulfonylureas (Glimepiride - 562%) followed by Metformin (492%) which was followed by Pioglitazone (488%), DPP-4 inhibitor Teneligliptin (231%), α- glucosidase inhibitors (Voglibose 284%), Meglitinides (Repaglinide 0.5mg 154%) and lowest was seen with Repaglinide 2mg (15%).Conclusions: There is very wide cost variation among different brands of the same oral anti-diabetic drugs manufactured in India. The average percentage cost variation of different brands of the same oral anti diabetic drugs manufactured in India is very wide. The appraisal and management of marketing drugs should be directed toward maximizing the benefits of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences.

Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas BLUD dan non-BLUD Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Public Demand

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.

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