O.2. Workshop: Age-related changes in health in European populationsOrganised by: Erasmus MC, Department of Public Health, The Netherlands and Division of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Germany

Long-accepted models of causality cast diseases into the binary of either “contagious” or “non-communicable,” typically with institutional resources focused primarily on interrupting infectious disease transmission. But in southern Belize, as in much of the world today, epidemic diabetes has become a leading cause of death and a notorious contributor to organ failure and amputated limbs. This ethnographic essay follows caregivers’ and families’ work to survive in-between public health categories, and asks what responses a bifurcated model of infectious versus non-communicable disease structures or incapacitates in practice. It proposes an alternative focus on diabetes as a “para-communicable” condition—materially transmitted as bodies and ecologies intimately shape each other over time, with unequal and compounding effects for historically situated groups of people. The article closes by querying how communicability relates to community, and why it matters to reframe narratives about contributing causalities in relation to struggles for treatment access.

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The Empowerment of Integrated Development Post of Non-Communicable Diseases in Efforts to Prevent and Control Non- Communicable Diseases

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4799 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 294

Author(s):

Yandrizal Yandrizal ◽

Rizanda Machmud ◽

Melinda Noer ◽

Hardisman Hardisman ◽

Afrizal Afrizal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Infectious Disease ◽

Early Detection ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Combination Method ◽

Integrated Development ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

And Control ◽

Non Communicable Disease

Non-Communicable disease has already been the main cause of death in many countries, as many as 57 million death in the world in 2008, 36 million (63 percent) is because of un-infectious disease, specifically heart illness, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. Prevention and controlling efforts of un-infectious diseases developing in Indonesia is non-communicable disease integrated development post (Pospindu PTM). This research used combination method approach with exploratory design. Exploratory design with sequential procedure used combination consecutively, the first is qualitative and the second is quantitative method. Public Health Center formed Posbindu PTM has not disseminate yet to all stakeholders. Posbindu PTM members felt benefit by following this activity. Some of them did not know follow the activity because of unknown about it. There was connection between coming behavior to Posbindu PTM to preventing behavior of non-communicable disease.Percentage for high blood pressure risk indicated 20-25 percent from all visitors. Formulation of its policy implementation started with stakeholder analysis; head of sub district, head of urban village, head of health department in regency/city, head of public health service, head of neighborhood Association, and the head of family welfare development. Analysis of perception, power and authority found that every stakeholder had authority to manage the member directly or indirectly. It was not implemented because of the lack knowledge of stakeholders about the Posbindu PTM function.They would play a role after knowing the aim and advantage of the post by motivate the people to do early detection, prevention and control the non-communicable disease. The members were given wide knowledge about early detection, preventing and control the un-infectious disease, measuring and checking up their healthy continuously so that keep feeling the advantage of coming to the post.

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A sustainable community based model of non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance: “SHRADDHA-JAGRITHI project” (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.27299 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jaideep Menon ◽

Mathews Numpeli ◽

Sajeev.P. Kunjan ◽

Beena.V. Karimbuvayilil ◽

Aswathy Sreedevi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health System ◽

Public Health System ◽

Health Workers ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Community Based ◽

Frontline Health Workers ◽

The Individual ◽

Non Communicable Disease

UNSTRUCTURED Abstract: India has a massive non-communicable disease (NCD) burden at an enormous cost to the individual, family, society and health system at large, in spite of which prevention and surveillance is relatively neglected. Risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease if diagnosed early and treated adequately would help decrease the mortality and morbidity burden. India is in a stage of rapid epidemiological transition with the state of Kerala being at the forefront, pointing us towards likely disease burden and outcomes for the rest of the country, in the future. A previous study done by the same investigators, in a population of >100,000, revealed poor awareness and treatment of NCDs and also poor adherence to medicines in individuals with CVD. The investigators are looking at a sustainable, community based model of surveillance for NCDs with corporate support wherein frontline health workers check all individuals in the target group ( > age 30 years) with further follow up and treatment planned in a “spoke and hub” model using the public health system of primary health centres (PHCs) as spokes to the hubs of Taluk or District hospitals. All data entry done by frontline health workers would be on a Tab PC ensuring rapid acquisition and transfer of participant health details to PHCs for further follow up and treatment. The model will be evaluated based on the utilisation rate of various services offered at all tier levels. The proportions of the target population screened, eligible individuals who reached the spoke or hub centres for risk stratification and care and community level control for hypertension and diabetes in annual surveys will be used as indicator variables. The model ensures diagnosis and follow up treatment at no cost to the individual entirely through the tiered public health system of the state and country.

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An effectiveness hierarchy of preventive interventions: neglected paradigm or self-evident truth?

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdx055 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 350-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Simon Capewell ◽

Ann Capewell

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Health Impact ◽

Individual Response ◽

Preventive Interventions ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Personal Advice ◽

Non Communicable Disease

Abstract Non-communicable disease prevention strategies usually target the four major risk factors of poor diet, tobacco, alcohol and physical inactivity. Yet, the most effective approaches remain disputed. However, increasing evidence supports the concept of an effectiveness hierarchy. Thus, ‘downstream’ preventive activities targeting individuals (such as 1:1 personal advice, health education, ‘nudge’ or primary prevention medications) consistently achieve a smaller population health impact than interventions aimed further ‘upstream’ (for instance, smoke-free legislation, alcohol minimum pricing or regulations eliminating dietary transfats). These comprehensive, policy-based interventions reach all parts of the population and do not depend on a sustained ‘agentic’ individual response. They thus tend to be more effective, more rapid, more equitable and also cost-saving. This effectiveness hierarchy is self-evident to many professionals working in public health. Previously neglected in the wider world, this effectiveness hierarchy now needs to be acknowledged by policy makers.

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Diabetes surveillance in Germany – strategy for the dissemination of results

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.637 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

L Reitzle ◽

R Paprott ◽

C Schmidt ◽

C Heidemann ◽

J Baumert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Information ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Best Practice ◽

Online Survey ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Robert Koch Institute ◽

Dissemination Strategy ◽

Stakeholder Groups

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease with high public health relevance in Germany. Therefore, the Robert Koch Institute startetd to establish a national diabetes surveillance system in Germany in 2016. Essential part of a surveillance system is the dissemination of health information to the relevant stakeholders to facilitate its translation into action. Methods For the development of the dissemination strategy, different sources of information were used. First, an online-survey combined with structured web-research explored dissemination approaches in the international context. Secondly, a workshop with public health experts from seven countries highlighted best practice examples. Based on this information, a dissemination strategy was developed in close alignment with the scientific advisory board of the diabetes surveillance including experts from politics, prevention research, regional health reporting, physicians/diabetologists and public health scientists. Results Three main questions were identified to be considered in the dissemination of health information: Which audience group is addressed? Which content is relevant to this group? What is the preferred format to communicate the information? Therefore, a diabetes report will be generated focusing on health policy makers summarizing the key information on the disease dynamic. A website containing all information including a visualization tool should facilitate access for stakeholders. Additionally, awareness needs to be raised using social media, classical media and direct interactions with relevant stakeholders. Conclusions In alignment with different stakeholder groups, the diabetes surveillance developed a dissemination strategy considering international best practice examples and innovative ideas for health data visualization. The next steps are to refine the dissemination strategy based on feedback from the different stakeholder groups to ensure the use of the provided information. Key messages A dissemination strategy for the diabetes surveillance has been developed in a participatory approach including experts from various stakeholder groups. Next steps include the refinement of the dissemination strategy and its formats based on stakeholders feedback requirements.

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Special Issue on “Anticancer Drugs Activity and Underlying Mechanisms”

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11178169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 8169

Author(s):

Domenico Iacopetta

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Anticancer Drugs ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Health Issue ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Special Issue ◽

Major Public Health Issue ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Non Communicable Disease

Cancer is a reputed non-communicable disease, namely a non-transmittable illness affecting humankind, which represents a major public health issue and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide [...]

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Public-Private Partnerships With Unhealthy Commodity Industries: Are They Undermining Real Progress in Non-Communicable Disease Prevention? Competing Frames in Global Health Governance: An Analysis of Stakeholder Influence on the Political Declaration on Non-communicable Diseases

International Journal of Health Policy and Management ◽

10.34172/ijhpm.2021.118 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chiara Rinaldi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Disease Prevention ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Public Private Partnerships ◽

Health Governance ◽

Stakeholder Influence ◽

Public Health Promotion ◽

Public Health Strategies ◽

Non Communicable Disease

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) and whole-of-society approaches are increasingly common in public health promotion and non-communicable disease prevention, despite a lack of evidence in favour of their effectiveness in improving health outcomes. While PPPs may have advantages, they also give industry actors more influence over the design and implementation of public health strategies and interventions. Partnering with unhealthy commodity industries in particular – including the alcohol and ultra-processed food and beverages industries – can pose significant risks to public health due to these industries’ deep-rooted conflicts of interest. In this commentary, I reiterate Suzuki et al.’s message about the importance of assessing and managing conflicts of interest before engaging with non-state actors through PPPs or other forms of engagement.

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Core Principles of Public Health in Health Protection Practices

Essentials for Health Protection ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198835479.003.0002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 5-20

Author(s):

Emily Ying Yang Chan

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Emergency Preparedness ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Health Protection ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Health Security ◽

Disease Epidemiology ◽

Levels Of Care ◽

Pathway Of Care

Health protection is a core technical competency in public health and for its practitioners. It is a term used to encompass activities that ensure robust health security at local, national, and global levels. Its activities aim to protect the public from avoidable health risks and minimize the health impacts of these risks. These may include the strengthening of capacity in climate change and sustainability, emergency preparedness, communicable disease control, and environmental and planetary health. This chapter describes the key basic public health concepts, principles, and approaches and provides an overview of health protection: health, public health, health protection, health improvement, health services and management, determinants of health, indicators for the burden of disease, epidemiology and demography, disease burden, development and health risk transition, life-course approach, pathway of care, hierarchy of prevention, health promotion, health system, and levels of care.

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