scholarly journals Associations between adolescent social phobia, sickness absence and unemployment: a prospective study of twins in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-936
Author(s):  
Ridwanul Amin ◽  
Pia Svedberg ◽  
Jurgita Narusyte
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Little is known about adolescent mental health problems, including social phobia, as risk factors for future work incapacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social phobia in adolescence and unemployment and sickness absence (SA) in early adulthood, also evaluating the role of familial factors (genetics and shared environment). Methods A sample of 2845 Swedish twins born in 1985–86 in Sweden was followed longitudinally in the population-based and prospective Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development. Information on twins’ social phobia was collected at ages 13–4, 16–7 and 19–20 years. Logistic regression providing odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used to analyze the associations between social phobia, unemployment and SA during the follow-up 2006–12. The influence of familial factors was evaluated by conditional logistic regression. Results Presence of social phobia during adolescence was associated with increased odds for unemployment and SA in young adulthood. For unemployment, the highest OR was at the age of 13–4 years (1.58 [95% CI: 1.22–2.06]), and the associations became null after adjusting for familial factors. For SA, the highest OR was at the age of 19–20 years (1.73 [95% CI: 1.13–2.65]), and the estimates changed slightly after adjusting for familial factors. Conclusions : Results suggest that social phobia experienced in adolescence contribute to early adulthood unemployment and SA. Familial factors seemed to explain the association between social phobia and unemployment.

scholarly journals Suicide attempt following sickness absence and disability pension due to common mental disorders: a prospective Swedish twin study

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wang ◽  
L. Mather ◽  
P. Svedberg ◽  
E. Mittendorfer-Rutz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Familial Factors

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate if sickness absence and disability pension (SA/DP) in general and due to specific common mental disorders (CMDs) are associated with subsequent suicide attempt among women and men by taking familial factors (genetics and shared environment) into consideration. Methods This register-based cohort study includes 4871 twin pairs 18–65 years of age discordant for SA/DP due to CMDs 2005–2010. Twins were followed up for suicide attempt from inpatient and specialised outpatient care until December 2012. Conditional Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for familial factors, were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results SA/DP due to CMDs was associated with a higher risk of suicide attempt (HR 3.14, CI 2.51–3.93). The risk of suicide attempt was five times higher among men and three times higher among women, compared to the SA/DP unaffected co-twins. In the diagnosis-specific analysis, SA/DP due to anxiety disorders resulted in the highest HR (4.09, CI 2.37–7.06) for suicide attempt, followed by depressive disorders (HR 3.70, CI 2.66–5.14) and stress-related disorders (HR 1.96, CI 1.35–2.84). The stratified analysis on zygosity indicates that there seems to be a genetic influence on the associations between SA/DP due to CMDs and suicide attempt, particularly among women and among those with SA/DP due to depressive disorders. Conclusions SA/DP due to CMDs was a risk factor for suicide attempt among women and men. Genetic factors might explain part of the associations for women and for those with SA/DP due to depressive disorders.

The Covariation Between Burnout and Sick Leave Due to Mental Disorders Is Explained by a Shared Genetic Liability: A Prospective Swedish Twin Study With a Five-Year Follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Mather ◽  
Gunnar Bergström ◽  
Victoria Blom ◽  
Pia Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
Shared Genetic

Background: This study aims to assess whether the associations between burnout and sick leave due to stress-related mental disorders, other mental disorders, and somatic conditions are influenced by familial (genetic and shared environmental) factors.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 23,611 Swedish twins born between 1959 and 1985, who answered a web-based questionnaire, including the Pines Burnout Measure 2004–2006, were included. Registry data on sick leave spells from the response date until December 31, 2010 were obtained from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the association between burnout and sick leave for the whole sample, while conditional logistic regression of the same-sex discordant twin pairs was used to estimate the association between burnout and sick leave, adjusting for familial confounding. The Bivariate Cholesky models were used to assess whether the covariation between burnout and sick leave was explained by common genetic and/or shared environmental factors.Results: Burnout was a risk factor for sick leave due to stress-related and other mental disorders, and these associations were explained by familial factors. The phenotypic correlation between burnout and sick leave due to somatic conditions was 0.07 and the association was not influenced by familial factors. The phenotypic correlations between burnout and sick leave due to stress-related (0.26) and other mental disorders (0.30) were completely explained by common genetic factors.Conclusions: The association between burnout and sick leave due to stress-related and other mental disorders seems to be a reflection of a shared genetic liability.

scholarly journals Mental health in childhood and adolescence in association to sickness absence and disability pension

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Narusyte ◽  
R Amin ◽  
A Ropponen ◽  
P Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
Rule Breaking ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Background A large amount of studies have previously reported associations between sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health- and work-related factors and future sickness absence (SA) or disability pension (DP). However, the knowledge is still scarce regarding the associations between mental health problems and disorders during childhood and adolescence in association to future work incapacity, and regarding the role of familial influences on the associations. Methods The studies were based on 2,690 twins born 1985-1986 in Sweden who participated in the Twin Study of CHild and Adolescent Development (TCHAD). The twins were followed repeatedly at ages of 8-9, 13-14, 16-17, and 19-20 years. The presence of depressive, anxiety, rule-breaking, and social phobia symptoms were assessed through self-reports. SA and DP data were obtained from national registries. Group-based trajectory, logistic regression and Cox proportional regression analyses were applied. Results More than half of the twins that were on SA or granted DP had stable moderate levels of the mental health symptoms during adolescence. Cox regression analyses showed that rule-breaking behavior was associated with a higher risk for SA with the highest HR of 1.12 (95% CI 1.05-1.19) at age of 8-9 years. High levels of anxious and depressive symptoms were associated with DP despite age at symptom assessment. The associations attenuated slightly when familial factors were taken into account. The association between social phobia and SA was to some extent explained by sex and parental education except for when social phobia was measured at ages 19-20 years (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.34). The results changed slightly when further adjusting for familial factors. Conclusions Familial factors had no major importance for the studied associations. Hence, early life public health interventions to improve mental health might reduce the risk of future work incapacity in young adulthood.

scholarly journals Sickness absences among young employees in private and public sectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Narusyte ◽  
P Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
The Public

Abstract Background Mental health problems among young adults is a public health problem as well as increasing work incapacity in terms of sickness absence (SA) due to mental diagnoses in Sweden. SA levels among those working in the public sector tend to exceed those working in the private sector. Knowledge is however lacking on whether experiencing mental health problems in young years can contribute to the association. The aim was to examine the association between type of employment and sickness absence among women and men, also adjusting for previously experienced depression and anxiety as well as for familial factors. Methods The study included data on 25,496 twins born in Sweden 1959-1990. Information on depression and anxiety as well as on type of employment was obtained from a web-based survey conducted in 2005. Twins were followed prospectively until 2013 through national register data on SA. Logistic regression analyses were run with adjustment for familial factors, such as common genetics and environmental factors related to the family. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) are presented. Results Higher rates of SA in the public (59%) as compared to the private (50%) sector were observed among women. There were 29% and 30% of men in public and private sectors, respectively, that have had at least one SA spell during the follow-up. Preliminary results showed that working in the private sector was associated with a higher risk for future SA among women (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.14-2.33) but not among men (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.41-1.07). The results changed only slightly after adjusting for previous depression or anxiety as well as for familial factors. Conclusions Higher rates of SA among women working in the public as compared to the private sector were not explained by previously experienced depression or anxiety disorders. Key messages Higher rates of SA were observed among women working in public as compared to private sector. Previously experienced depression and anxiety were of similar importance for future SA in both public and private sectors.

scholarly journals Development of a Web-Based System for Exploring Cancer Risk With Long-term Use of Drugs: Logistic Regression Approach

10.2196/21401 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e21401
Author(s):  
Hsuan-Chia Yang ◽  
Md Mohaimenul Islam ◽  
Phung Anh Alex Nguyen ◽  
Ching-Huan Wang ◽  
Tahmina Nasrin Poly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Web Based System

Background Existing epidemiological evidence regarding the association between the long-term use of drugs and cancer risk remains controversial. Objective We aimed to have a comprehensive view of the cancer risk of the long-term use of drugs. Methods A nationwide population-based, nested, case-control study was conducted within the National Health Insurance Research Database sample cohort of 1999 to 2013 in Taiwan. We identified cases in adults aged 20 years and older who were receiving treatment for at least two months before the index date. We randomly selected control patients from the patients without a cancer diagnosis during the 15 years (1999-2013) of the study period. Case and control patients were matched 1:4 based on age, sex, and visit date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between drug exposure and cancer risk by adjusting potential confounders such as drugs and comorbidities. Results There were 79,245 cancer cases and 316,980 matched controls included in this study. Of the 45,368 associations, there were 2419, 1302, 662, and 366 associations found statistically significant at a level of P<.05, P<.01, P<.001, and P<.0001, respectively. Benzodiazepine derivatives were associated with an increased risk of brain cancer (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.379, 95% CI 1.138-1.670; P=.001). Statins were associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer (AOR 0.470, 95% CI 0.426-0.517; P<.0001) and gastric cancer (AOR 0.781, 95% CI 0.678-0.900; P<.001). Our web-based system, which collected comprehensive data of associations, contained 2 domains: (1) the drug and cancer association page and (2) the overview page. Conclusions Our web-based system provides an overview of comprehensive quantified data of drug-cancer associations. With all the quantified data visualized, the system is expected to facilitate further research on cancer risk and prevention, potentially serving as a stepping-stone to consulting and exploring associations between the long-term use of drugs and cancer risk.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders and Risk of Incident Depression: A Population Case–Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enda M. Byrne ◽  
Allan Timmerman ◽  
Naomi R. Wray ◽  
Esben Agerbo
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Rate Ratios

AbstractWe sought to investigate the risk of incident major depressive disorder (MDD) attributable to a range of sleep disorders in the Danish population. Data were obtained by linking longitudinal Danish population-based registers. A total of 65,739 individuals who had first onset of depression between 1995 and 2013 were selected as cases. For each case, a set of 20 controls of the same sex, birth month and year and who had not had depression by the date that the case was diagnosed were selected at random form the population (N = 1,307,580 in total). We examined whether there was an increased rate of prior sleep disorders in MDD cases compared to controls using conditional logistic regression. An increased risk of incident depression in cases was found for all sleep disorders analyzed. Highest incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were found for circadian rhythm disorders (IRR = 7.06 [2.78–17.91]) and insomnia of inorganic origin (IRR = 6.76 [4.37–10.46]). The lowest estimated IRR was for narcolepsy (IRR = 2.00 [1.26–3.17]). Those diagnosed with a sleep disorder in the last 6 months were at highest risk of developing depression compared to those with at least 1 year since diagnosis (3.10 vs. 2.36). Our results suggest that having any sleep disorder is a risk factor for incident depression. Depression screening should be considered for patients with sleep disorders, and where possible, long-term follow-up for mental health problems is advisable.

scholarly journals Left–right breast asymmetry and risk of screen-detected and interval cancers in a large population-based screening population

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1112) ◽  
pp. 20200154
Author(s):  
Sue M Hudson ◽  
Louise S Wilkinson ◽  
Bianca L De Stavola ◽  
Isabel dos-Santos-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Interval Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Interval Cancers

Objectives: To assess the associations between automated volumetric estimates of mammographic asymmetry and breast cancers detected at the same (“contemporaneous”) screen, at subsequent screens, or in between (interval cancers). Methods: Automated measurements from mammographic images (N = 79,731) were used to estimate absolute asymmetry in breast volume (BV) and dense volume (DV) in a large ethnically diverse population of attendees of a UK breast screening programme. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess asymmetry associations with the odds of a breast cancer detected at contemporaneous screen (767 cases), adjusted for relevant confounders. Nested case–control investigations were designed to examine associations between asymmetry and the odds of: (a) interval cancer (numbers of cases/age-matched controls: 153/646) and (b) subsequent screen-detected cancer (345/1438), via conditional logistic regression. Results: DV, but not BV, asymmetry was positively associated with the odds of contemporaneous breast cancer (P-for-linear-trend (Pt) = 0.018). This association was stronger for first (prevalent) screens (Pt = 0.012). Both DV and BV asymmetry were positively associated with the odds of an interval cancer diagnosis (Pt = 0.060 and 0.030, respectively). Neither BV nor DV asymmetry were associated with the odds of having a subsequent screen-detected cancer. Conclusions: Increased DV asymmetry was associated with the risk of a breast cancer diagnosis at a contemporaneous screen or as an interval cancer. BV asymmetry was positively associated with the risk of an interval cancer diagnosis. Advances in knowledge: The findings suggest that DV and BV asymmetry may provide additional signals for detecting contemporaneous cancers and assessing the likelihood of interval cancers in population-based screening programmes.

scholarly journals Development of a Web-Based System for Exploring Cancer Risk With Long-term Use of Drugs: Logistic Regression Approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan-Chia Yang ◽  
Md Mohaimenul Islam ◽  
Phung Anh Alex Nguyen ◽  
Ching-Huan Wang ◽  
Tahmina Nasrin Poly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Web Based System

BACKGROUND Existing epidemiological evidence regarding the association between the long-term use of drugs and cancer risk remains controversial. OBJECTIVE We aimed to have a comprehensive view of the cancer risk of the long-term use of drugs. METHODS A nationwide population-based, nested, case-control study was conducted within the National Health Insurance Research Database sample cohort of 1999 to 2013 in Taiwan. We identified cases in adults aged 20 years and older who were receiving treatment for at least two months before the index date. We randomly selected control patients from the patients without a cancer diagnosis during the 15 years (1999-2013) of the study period. Case and control patients were matched 1:4 based on age, sex, and visit date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between drug exposure and cancer risk by adjusting potential confounders such as drugs and comorbidities. RESULTS There were 79,245 cancer cases and 316,980 matched controls included in this study. Of the 45,368 associations, there were 2419, 1302, 662, and 366 associations found statistically significant at a level of <i>P</i>&lt;.05, <i>P</i>&lt;.01, <i>P</i>&lt;.001, and <i>P</i>&lt;.0001, respectively. Benzodiazepine derivatives were associated with an increased risk of brain cancer (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.379, 95% CI 1.138-1.670; <i>P</i>=.001). Statins were associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer (AOR 0.470, 95% CI 0.426-0.517; <i>P</i>&lt;.0001) and gastric cancer (AOR 0.781, 95% CI 0.678-0.900; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Our web-based system, which collected comprehensive data of associations, contained 2 domains: (1) the drug and cancer association page and (2) the overview page. CONCLUSIONS Our web-based system provides an overview of comprehensive quantified data of drug-cancer associations. With all the quantified data visualized, the system is expected to facilitate further research on cancer risk and prevention, potentially serving as a stepping-stone to consulting and exploring associations between the long-term use of drugs and cancer risk.

scholarly journals Association of low birth weight with cardiometabolic diseases in Swedish twins: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e048030
Author(s):  
Xuerui Li ◽  
Rongrong Yang ◽  
Wenzhe Yang ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Ruixue Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases

ObjectivesTo examine the association between low birth weight (LBW) and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs, including heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus) in adulthood, and to explore whether genetic, early-life environmental and healthy lifestyle factors play a role in this association.DesignA population-based twin study.SettingTwins from the Swedish Twin Registry who were born in 1958 or earlier participated in the Screening Across the Lifespan Twin (SALT) study for a full-scale screening during 1998–2002 and were followed up until 2014.Participants19 779 twin individuals in Sweden with birthweight data available (mean age: 55.45 years).Primary and secondary outcome measuresCMDs were assessed based on self-reported medical records, medication use and records from the National Patient Registry. A lifestyle index encompassing smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise levels and Body Mass Index was derived from the SALT survey and categorised as unfavourable, intermediate or favourable. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equation (GEE) models and conditional logistic regression models.ResultsOf all participants, 3998 (20.2%) had LBW and 5335 (27.0%) had incident CMDs (mean age at onset: 63.64±13.26 years). In GEE models, the OR of any CMD was 1.39 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.52) for LBW. In conditional logistic regression models, the LBW–CMD association became non-significant (OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.56). The difference in ORs from the two models was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the joint effect analysis, the multiadjusted OR of CMDs was 3.47 (95% CI 2.72 to 4.43) for participants with LBW plus an unfavourable lifestyle and 1.25 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.62) for those with LBW plus a favourable lifestyle.ConclusionLBW is associated with an increased risk of adult CMDs, and genetic and early-life environmental factors may account for this association. However, a favourable lifestyle profile may modify this risk.

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