scholarly journals Ethics, economics and migration: intersections, synergies and tensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Trummer ◽  
N Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Political Decisions

Abstract The presentation will provide food for thought on the relationships between value-based discussions and economic evaluations of healthcare provision for marginalized migrant groups along two different lines of thought. First, while economic analyses are often interpreted as objective and neutral pieces of evidence, it can be argued that every economic model and analysis has its starting point in specific ethical values that are set as basic assumptions. This, in turn, has inevitable impacts on possible results and conclusions. The presentation will use examples to illustrate the value-based foundations of economic analyses in migrant healthcare; and it will propose options for the more explicit reflection of value-based assumptions in economic evaluations. Secondly, the presentation will reflect on existing research on the rationales shaping political decision-making processes in the field of migrant healthcare. In specific, it will examine the concepts of “health-related deservingness” and of “political decisions”, which both postulate that eventually values tip the scales in political decisions on migrant healthcare; and it will discuss the meaning of these concepts for the role of economic evidence in policy-making processes. In doing so, the presentation will relate back to the workshop’s overarching question on how to build synergies and bridges between migration and health research, economic analysis, and policy making to overcome inherent tensions.

scholarly journals When Populist Leaders Govern: Conceptualising Populism in Policy Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Bartha ◽  
Zsolt Boda ◽  
Dorottya Szikra
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
Distinguishing Features

The rise of populist governance throughout the world offers a novel opportunity to study the way in which populist leaders and parties rule. This article conceptualises populist policy making by theoretically addressing the substantive and discursive components of populist policies and the decision-making processes of populist governments. It first reconstructs the implicit ideal type of policy making in liberal democracies based on the mainstream governance and policy making scholarship. Then, taking stock of the recent populism literature, the article elaborates an ideal type of populist policy making along the dimensions of content, procedures and discourses. As an empirical illustration we apply a qualitative congruence analysis to assess the conformity of a genuine case of populist governance, social policy in post-2010 Hungary with the populist policy making ideal type. Concerning the policy content, the article argues that policy heterodoxy, strong willingness to adopt paradigmatic reforms and an excessive responsiveness to majoritarian preferences are distinguishing features of any type of populist policies. Regarding the procedural features populist leaders tend to downplay the role of technocratic expertise, sideline veto-players and implement fast and unpredictable policy changes. Discursively, populist leaders tend to extensively use crisis frames and discursive governance instruments in a Manichean language and a saliently emotional manner that reinforces polarisation in policy positions. Finally, the article suggests that policy making patterns in Hungarian social policy between 2010 and 2018 have been largely congruent with the ideal type of populist policy making.

Feminist Perspectives on Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie D'Aoust
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Impact

Foreign policy analysis (FPA) deals with the decision-making processes involved in foreign policy-making. As a field of study, FPA overlaps international relations (IR) theory and comparative politics. Studies that take into account either sex, women, or gender contribute to the development of knowledge on and about women in IR, which is in itself one of the goals of feminist scholarship. There are two main spheres of feminist inquiries when it comes to foreign policy: the role of women as sexed power holders involved in decision-making processes and power-sharing in the realm of foreign policy-making, and the role of gendered norms in the conduct and adoption of foreign policies. Many observers insist that feminism and foreign policy are linked only by a marriage of convenience, designed to either acknowledge the political accomplishments of women in the sphere of foreign policy such as Margaret Thatcher and Indira Ghandi, or bring attention to so-called “women’s issues,” such as reproduction rights and population control. Scholarship on women and/or gender in relation to foreign policy covers a wide range of themes, such as the role of women as political actors in decision-making processes and organizational structures; women’s human rights and gender mainstreaming; the impact of various foreign policies on women’s lives; and the concept of human security and the idea of women’s rights as a valid foreign policy objective. Three paradigms that have been explored as part of the study of women in comparative politics and IR are behavioralism, functionalism, and rational choice theory.

scholarly journals Effects of non-health-targeted policies on migrant health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Juarez ◽  
M Rostila
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration And Health ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Abstract This presentation will commence with a brief overview of the field of migration and health with the purpose of contextualizing the need for more policy-oriented research in this area, in so far as policy is a crucial -yet still overlooked- social determinant of health. In this context, we will present the main findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis recently published in the Lancet Global Health which looks at the effects of entry and integration policies on migrant health. The findings will, in turn, serve as a starting point to discuss how migration issues in general, and migration and health in particular, should be framed in relation to economic and human rights. Acknowledging the role of economic arguments in decision making, the presentation will end with a general reflection about the invisible contributions of migrants to wealth creation in a global economy and the difficulties of estimating such contributions.

scholarly journals The Implementation of the REACH Authorisation Procedure on Chemical Substances of Concern: What Kind of Legitimacy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Klika
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
High Concern ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Reach Regulation ◽  
Very High

With the increasing “agencification” of policy making in the European Union (EU), normative questions regarding the legitimacy of EU agencies have become ever more important. This article analyses the role of expertise and legitimacy with regard to the European Chemicals Agency ECHA. Based on the REACH regulation, so-called Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) are subject to authorisation. The authorisation procedure aims to ensure the good functioning of the internal market, while assuring that risks of SVHCs are properly controlled. Since ECHA has become operational in 2008, recurring decisions on SVHCs have been made. The question posed in this article is: to what extent can decision making in the REACH authorisation procedure be assessed as legitimate? By drawing on the notion of throughput legitimacy, this article argues that decision making processes in the authorisation procedure are characterized by insufficient legitimacy.

Inadvisable Concession: Kant’s Critique of the Political Philosophy of Christian Garve

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Zilber
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Perpetual Peace ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Decisions

The starting point of my study is Kant’s remark to the effect that Garve in his treatise on the connection between morality and politics presents arguments in defence of unjust principles. Recognition of these principles is, according to Kant, an inadvisable concession to those who are inclined to abuse it. I interpret this judgement by making a detailed comparison of the texts of the two treatises. I demonstrate that Garve’s work is an eclectic attempt to combine in one concept the lessons of historical experience with the ideas drawn from British empiricism and German rationalism. These ideas were criticised by Kant in his “critical” period. There is a consensus among researchers that Garve condoned the expansionist policy of Frederick II of Prussia, totally denied that legality in international relations was possible and in general deserved the reputation of an (ultra-)conservative. From that point of view the key values for Garve were the security and well-being of the state. I offer an alternative interpretation of Garve’s position because I believe that the value of political stability plays an important role in it. Such an interpretation makes it possible to treat Garve’s narrative as it was assessed by Kant, i.e. as a concession to the common principles of political practice as a result of a failure to find the guiding theory. My study has established that the role of Garve’s work in the writing of Kant’s treatise Toward Perpetual Peace was more significant than Kant’s own words suggest. Besides, I show that it was under Garve’s influence that Kant turned to the problem of excessive complexity of the principles involved in the search for concrete political decisions. Garve obviously laments this complexity and yet makes these principles still more complex. Kant offers a simpler solution of the problem on the basis of his theory of morals and right.

scholarly journals The globalisation of trafficking and its impact on the South African counter-trafficking legislation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-68
Author(s):  
Ingrid Palmary ◽  
Thea de Gruchy
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Level ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
The South ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Cross National

This article was prompted by emerging and highly politicised debates in South Africa over the role of ‘foreign influence’ in policy-making. Whilst popular debates on this issue are often over simplified, it nevertheless seemed a relevant topic for migration policy-making given its cross-national focus. In this article, we therefore consider what influenced the development of South Africa’s 2013 Prevention and Combatting of Trafficking in Persons Act (TiP Act) as just one example of migration policy-making. Using qualitative methods, we map the influences on the South African TiP Act, and highlight how these shaped the passing of the Act, as well as the form that it took. We describe three pathways of international influence that shaped and constrained the possibilities for the Act: the global system for the governance of trafficking, the globalisation of knowledge around trafficking, and the nature of diplomatic relations. Exploring these pathways, we interrogate and unpack the idea that policy-making takes place in isolation and exclusively at a national level. Instead, this article illustrates how policy-making around issues of trafficking, and migration, takes place amidst complex and unequal global relationships.

scholarly journals Ageing of the European populations and its causes. The case of France and Greece

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 7-41
Author(s):  
Byron Kotzamanis ◽  
Jean-Paul Sardon
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Method ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Remote Past

Demographic ageing (continuous increase of the percentage of old people of a population) depends on the evolutions of fertility, mortality and migration as well as on the age structure of the population which reflects the changes of the three above mentioned components in the remote past. In this article we examine the consequences of each of the three demographic components on demographic ageing in two European countries (France and Greece); two countries significantly differentiated as far as their trajectory is concerned during the last two centuries. From the viewpoint of methodology, in order to evaluate these consequences we adopted the simulation method and more specifically, each time we kept one of the three components stable for the level it is characterized at the beginning of the study period and we estimated the amount and the percentage of the over-sixty-year old persons which we would have in this case in the early 1990's (amount and percentage we compared to the corresponding ones estimated around 1993). At the same time we tried to estimate the specific weight of the early structures of population in the two countries on the basis of today's demographic ageing: thus, we proceeded to identical simulations with different population structures at the starting point (stable populations corresponding to the tables on mortality for 1950 in France and I960 in Greece). The basic conclusions of this study allow us to see the significant specific weight of the mortality change on demographic ageing (ageing from above), parallel to the already known role of fertility (ageing from the basis of the pyramid). On the contrary, the role of migration currents appears limited and their influence has the opposite direction in these two countries of study; slight acceleration of ageing in Greece, slight slowing down in France. At the same time, demographic ageing in the early l 990's in both countries is smoother than that expected if their populations were stable. Finally, in France as well as in Greece the acceleration of ageing is inevitable as significant changes in fertility are absent. Mortality is expected to play a more and more significant role in the mid and remote future to such an extent that the prolongation of the expected life at birth will be more and more due to gains of life for the over-sixty-year-old persons.

Introduction to Democratic e-Governance

2011 ◽  
pp. 22-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Modes Of Governance ◽  
Changing Role

The concept of governance has its roots in the changing role of the state and in a managerialist view of the operations of public administrations. These two discourses have been challenged by another approach, which could be called democratic governance. It emphasizes the interactions between citizens, political representatives and administrative machinery providing a special view of citizens’ opportunities to influence and participate in policy-making and related processes. This perspective opens up a view to the practices in which institutions, organizations and citizens steer and guide society and communities. It provides citizen-centered view of governance which is quite different from managerialist and institutionalist perspectives. Such approaches as communitarianism, teledemocracy, participatory democracy and direct democracy have been presented as alternative modes of governance. In regard to technology, democratic e-governance is based on the idea that new ICTs can be used to facilitate interaction, communication and decision-making processes, thus having a great potential to strengthen the democratic aspects of governance.

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