Soil P reduces mycorrhizal colonization while favors fungal pathogens: observational and experimental evidence in Bipinnula (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Mujica ◽  
María Fernanda Pérez ◽  
Marcin Jakalski ◽  
Florent Martos ◽  
Marc André Selosse
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
P Addition

ABSTRACT Little is known about the soil factors influencing root-associated fungal communities in Orchidaceae. Limited evidence suggests that soil nutrients may modulate the association with orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), but their influence on non-mycorrhizal fungi remains unexplored. To study how nutrient availability affects mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fungi associated with the orchid Bipinnula fimbriata, we conducted a metagenomic investigation within a large population with variable soil conditions. Additionally, we tested the effect of phosphorus (P) addition on fungal communities and mycorrhizal colonization. Soil P negatively correlated with the abundance of OMF, but not with the abundance of non-mycorrhizal fungi. After fertilization, increments in soil P negatively affected mycorrhizal colonization; however, they had no effect on OMF richness or composition. The abundance and richness of pathotrophs were negatively related to mycorrhizal colonization and then, after fertilization, the decrease in mycorrhizal colonization correlated with an increase in pathogen richness. Our results suggest that OMF are affected by soil conditions differently from non-mycorrhizal fungi. Bipinnula fimbriata responds to fertilization by altering mycorrhizal colonization rather than by switching OMF partners in the short term, and the influence of nutrients on OMF is coupled with indirect effects on the whole fungal community and potentially on plant's health.

Mycorrhizal relationship in lupines: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Shi ◽  
X. L. Zhang ◽  
S. X. Su ◽  
Z. J. Lan ◽  
K. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Function ◽  
Colonization Rates

Legume crops are widely cultivated with agronomical and economic significance. Majority of legume species are known to form mycorrhizal symbioses. However, plants in the genus Lupinus are generally considered as nonmycorrhizal. In this review, published researches with regards to mycorrhizal colonization and function in lupines were revisited. Research findings on mycorrhizal colonization (field or laboratory conditions) and functions (promotion in plant growth, nutrient uptake and metabolites) are summarized. These studies show that 35 out of 43 Lupinus species are colonized by mycorrhizal fungi although their root colonization rates are very low (>10%). The symbiotic status between mycorrhizal fungi and Lupinus species depend on lupine species, fungal taxa, and edaphic growth conditions. The functions of mycorrhizas on lupines exhibit more on physiology than the absorption of P. The responses of lupines to mycorrhizal fungi changed depending on mycorrhizal and Lupinus species and especially soil P concentrations. Based on current limited studies, conclusions on the nature of mycorrhizal relation in lupine could be compromised unless further studies with detailed field surveys and well-designed experiments are implemented.

scholarly journals Physic nut plants present high mycorrhizal dependency under conditions of low phosphate availability

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elcio Liborio Balota ◽  
Oswaldo Machineski ◽  
Priscila Viviane Truber ◽  
Alexandra Scherer ◽  
Fabio Suano de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Amf Inoculation

The physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a perennial tree that occurs naturally in the tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. Fruits of physic nut present an oil content of 28% on a dry weight basis. Although the plant has adapted to diverse soil conditions such as low fertility, the correction of soil acidity and the addition of fertilizer are essential for highly productive plants. Thus, the response of the physic nut to different soil phosphorus levels (P) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation must be characterized. Hence, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the response of physic nut seedlings to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation at different levels of soil P. Experiment was carried out in a greenhouse encompassing AMF treatments (inoculation with Gigaspora margarita or Glomus clarum, and the non inoculated controls), and phosphorus treatments (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 added to soil). At low soil P levels, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation had a significant positive effect on plant growth, shoot and root dry matter content, plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf area per leaf and the Dickson quality index. The root:shoot ratio and the leaf area ratio were also affected by mycorrhizal inoculation and the level of P addition. Physic nut plants exhibited high mycorrhizal dependency at soil P additions up to 50 mg kg-1.

Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Zea mays affected by breeding for resistance to fungal pathogens

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Toth ◽  
Deborah Toth ◽  
David Starke ◽  
David R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Inbred lines of Zea mays L. (maize) selected for a range of resistances to a variety of fungal pathogens were assayed for percentage colonization by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Inbreds that were generally resistant to a number of fungal pathogens had significantly lower levels of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, matured more slowly, and had larger root systems. Disease-susceptible inbreds had significantly higher levels of mycorrhizal colonization, matured more rapidly, and had smaller root systems. It is uncertain if a general resistance to fungal pathogens or rate of root development, separately or in combination, may have influenced mycorrhizal colonization levels. Irrespective of cause, present breeding programs for disease resistance in maize do influence the plants ability to form mycorrhizae.

scholarly journals Phosphorus stress strongly reduced plant physiological activity, but only temporarily, in a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie S. Verlinden ◽  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
Arne Ven ◽  
Lore T. Verryckt ◽  
Sebastian Wieneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Despite being an essential macronutrient for plant growth, phosphorus (P) is one of the least available nutrients in soils and P limitation is often a major constraint for plant growth globally. Although P addition experiments have been carried out to study the long-term effects on the yield, data on P addition effects to seasonal variation in leaf-level photosynthesis are scarce. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be of major importance for plant nutrient uptake, and AMF growth may be important for explaining temporal patterns in leaf physiology. In a nitrogen (N) and P fertilization experiment with Zea mays, we investigated the effect of P limitation on leaf pigments and leaf enzymes, how these relate to leaf-level photosynthesis, and how these relationships change during the growing season. Previous research indicated that N addition did not affect plant growth and also the leaf measurements in the current study were unaffected by N addition. Contrary to N addition, P addition strongly influenced plant growth and leaf-level measurements. At low soil P availability, leaf-level photosynthetic and respiratory activity were strongly decreased and this was associated with reduced chlorophyll and photosynthetic enzymes. Contrary to the expected increase in P stress over time following gradual soil P depletion, plant P-limitation decreased over time. For most leaf-level processes, pigments and enzymes under study, the fertilization effect had even disappeared two months after planting. Our results point towards a key role for the AMF-symbiosis and consequent increase of P uptake in explaining the vanishing P stress.

scholarly journals Interactions with mycorrhizal fungi in two closely related hybridizing orchid species

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Luca ◽  
Francesca Bellusci ◽  
Giuseppe Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Ecological Preferences ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The nuclear ribosomal DNAwas used to identify the orchid mycorrhizal fungi found in roots of Orchis xbivonae and its parental species Orchis anthropophora and Orchis italica. Polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and identified using the expanded database.We determined that closely related Tulasnellaceae are mycorrhizal in the three orchid taxa, suggesting that the mycorrhizal partner does not impair hybrid survival. This study demonstrates that O. xbivonae displays few differences in comparison with its two parental species in identity of its associated mycorrhizal fungi, it is a short- -term by-product of the hybridizing behavior of common pollinators, and thus it will not easily origin descendents with potential new genetic combinations and/or ecological preferences.

SALT STRESS RESPONSE OF SALT-SENSITIVE AND TOLERANT DURUM WHEAT CULTIVARS INOCULATED WITH MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Al-Karaki
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and salt stress on growth and nutrient acquisition in two durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars exhibiting differences in salt tolerance were investigated. The plants were grown in a sterilized, low P (silty clay) soil-sand mix. Three salt levels were created by adding NaCl solution to the soil through irrigation water, resulting in saturation extract (ECe) values of 1.2 (control), 4.1 (medium) and 6.7 dS m –1 (high salt stress), respectively. Mycorrhizal colonization occurred whether the soil was salt stressed or non-stressed and in both cultivars, but the extent of AMF colonization was higher in the control than under saline soil conditions. The salt-tolerant cultivar Petra had higher mycorrhizal colonization than the salt-sensitive cultivar Hourani-27. The shoot dry matter (DM) yield was higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants of both cultivars. Petra had higher shoot DM but not higher root DM than Hourani-27 plants. The enhancement in shoot DM due to AMF inoculation was 22 and 21% in the control, 31 and 58% at medium, and 18 and 60% at high salinity level for Petra and Hourani-27, respectively. For both cultivars, the contents of P, K, Zn, Cu and Fe were higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants under control and medium saline soil conditions. Shoot Na concentrations were lower in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants grown under saline conditions. The enhancement in P, K, Zn, Cu and Fe acquisition due to AMF inoculation was more pronounced in Hourani-27 than in Petra under saline soil conditions. The results suggest that Hourani-27 tends to benefit from AMF colonization more than Petra under saline soil conditions, despite the fact that Petra roots were highly colonized with the AM fungus. It appears that Hourani-27 is more dependent on AMF symbiosis than Petra.

scholarly journals The soil fungal communities in nurseries producing Abies alba

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk ◽  
Wojciech Kowalkowski ◽  
Natalia Kartawik ◽  
Mariena Baranowska ◽  
Wladyslaw Barzdajn
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Forest District

Silver fir is an important forest-forming species in the mountain and upland parts of Poland. It was determined that fir lost the possibility of spontaneous return to the forests of the region. That is why the Polish State Forests has launched a programme to restore its resources in the Sudetes. Until now, fungi and their relationship with fir have not been fully addressed in the Sudetes Restitution Programme, therefore this study was undertaken. The aim of this study was to determine the species composition of soil fungi from quarters producing silver fir seedlings. The research material was rhizosphere soil collected from 3-year-old saplings produced in forest nurseries of the Międzylesie Forest District. Fungal composition was determined by Next-Generation sequencing (Illumina NextSeq 500). The total number of OTUs obtained (638 435) included sequences of cultivated horcultured fungi (433 412 OTUs = 52.7%), non-cultivable fungi, that is which cannot be cultured (97 108 OTUs = 22.41 %) and potential fungi with no reference sequence in UNITE (73 419 OTUs = 16.93%) and non-fungal organisms (34 496 = 7.96%). The following taxa as Mortierella sp. (8.23%). Tylospora sp. (6.68%) and Russula sp. (3.76%) had the largest share in the soil fungal communities. The results of the study indicate the dominance of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi in the communities of fir roots, which proves that saplings are of good quality. Small share of pathogens sequences suggests that soil-born fungal pathogens are not a major threat to fir seedlings in nurseries. Key words: mycorrhizal fungi, nursery, Abies alba, seedlings, Międzylesie Forest District.

Sebacinoids within rhizospheric fungal communities associated with subsistence farming in the Congo Basin: a needle in each haystack

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Venneman ◽  
Caroline De Tender ◽  
Jane Debode ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Geert Baert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congo Basin ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Smallholder Farm ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Fungal Interactions

ABSTRACT The unique ecosystem of the Congolese rainforest has only scarcely been explored for its plant–fungal interactions. Here, we characterized the root fungal communities of field-grown maize and of Panicum from adjacent borders in the Congo Basin and assessed parameters that could shape them. The soil properties indicated that comparable poor soil conditions prevailed in fields and borders, illustrating the low input character of local subsistence farming. The rhizosphere fungal communities, dominated by ascomycetous members, were structured by plant species, slash-and-burn practices and soil P, pH and C/N ratio. Examining fungi with potential plant growth-promoting abilities, the glomeromycotan communities appeared to be affected by the same parameters, whereas the inconspicuous symbionts of the order Sebacinales seemed less susceptible to environmental and anthropogenic factors. Notwithstanding the low abundances at which they were detected, sebacinoids occurred in 87% of the field samples, implying that they represent a consistent taxon within indigenous fungal populations across smallholder farm sites. Pending further insight into their ecosystem functionality, these data suggest that Sebacinales are robust root inhabitants that might be relevant for on-farm inoculum development within sustainable soil fertility management in the Sub-Saharan region.

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document