SALT STRESS RESPONSE OF SALT-SENSITIVE AND TOLERANT DURUM WHEAT CULTIVARS INOCULATED WITH MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Al-Karaki
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and salt stress on growth and nutrient acquisition in two durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars exhibiting differences in salt tolerance were investigated. The plants were grown in a sterilized, low P (silty clay) soil-sand mix. Three salt levels were created by adding NaCl solution to the soil through irrigation water, resulting in saturation extract (ECe) values of 1.2 (control), 4.1 (medium) and 6.7 dS m –1 (high salt stress), respectively. Mycorrhizal colonization occurred whether the soil was salt stressed or non-stressed and in both cultivars, but the extent of AMF colonization was higher in the control than under saline soil conditions. The salt-tolerant cultivar Petra had higher mycorrhizal colonization than the salt-sensitive cultivar Hourani-27. The shoot dry matter (DM) yield was higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants of both cultivars. Petra had higher shoot DM but not higher root DM than Hourani-27 plants. The enhancement in shoot DM due to AMF inoculation was 22 and 21% in the control, 31 and 58% at medium, and 18 and 60% at high salinity level for Petra and Hourani-27, respectively. For both cultivars, the contents of P, K, Zn, Cu and Fe were higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants under control and medium saline soil conditions. Shoot Na concentrations were lower in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants grown under saline conditions. The enhancement in P, K, Zn, Cu and Fe acquisition due to AMF inoculation was more pronounced in Hourani-27 than in Petra under saline soil conditions. The results suggest that Hourani-27 tends to benefit from AMF colonization more than Petra under saline soil conditions, despite the fact that Petra roots were highly colonized with the AM fungus. It appears that Hourani-27 is more dependent on AMF symbiosis than Petra.

scholarly journals MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS TO IMPROVE ONION PRODUCTIVITY IN SALINE SOIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour El-Sayed Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Phosphorus Addition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Amf Inoculation

This study investigated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer on growth, productivity and quality of onion grown under saline soil conditions. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Farm of Desert Research Center, Ras Sudr, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Egyptian local onion cultivar “Giza 20” was selected. Treatments were: two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation treatments [without inoculation (–AMF) and with mycorrhizal inoculation (+AMF)] and four phosphorus supplied treatments (0, 48, 96 and 144 kg P2O5 ha–1). Mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus addition affected the plant growth, bulb yield and quality. Morphological traits of plant (height, leaf number, fresh and dry weight), neck diameter, bulb characters (diameter and weight), total soluble sugars (TSS), protein, P content increased, while proline content decreased due to the inoculation of AMF and phosphorus application. Onion inoculated by AMF combined with 96 or 144 kg P2O5 ha–1 gave the highest productivity under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Is AMF inoculation an alternative to maximize the in vitro antibacterial activity of Libidibia ferrea extracts?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e10010111435
Author(s):  
Emanuela Lima dos Santos ◽  
Brena Coutinho Muniz ◽  
Beathriz Godoy Vilela Barbosa ◽  
Marcia Maria Camargo Morais ◽  
Francineyde Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
First Record ◽  
Antibacterial Action ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to provide plant species with several benefits, such as an increased production of bioactive compounds. However, it is yet to be defined whether extracts of mycorrhizal plants are more efficient in vitro antibacterial actions when compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. We tested the hypothesis of whether or not, methanolic extracts of Libidibia ferrea fruits, from plants established in the field and inoculated with AMF, have higher antibacterial action when inoculated with Acaulospora longula, Claroideoglomus etunicatum or Gigaspora albida. In addition, native L. ferrea fruits collected from the Caatinga area were also tested. The extracts of L. ferrea fruits inoculated with A. longula had higher in vitro antibacterial action in relation to the extracts of fruits from non-inoculated plants (p <0.05) thus characterizing the first record of different antibacterial actions of plant extracts due to inoculation with AMF. The extracts of L. ferrea fruits inoculated with A. longula were more efficient in inhibiting growth of Gram-negative bacteria. The zone diameters of inhibition ranged from 2.48 % to 7.56 % larger than the zones of the non-inoculated L. ferrea fruit extracts. The inoculation of L. ferrea with AMF may represent an alternative way of producing fruits with different antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Physic nut plants present high mycorrhizal dependency under conditions of low phosphate availability

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elcio Liborio Balota ◽  
Oswaldo Machineski ◽  
Priscila Viviane Truber ◽  
Alexandra Scherer ◽  
Fabio Suano de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Amf Inoculation

The physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a perennial tree that occurs naturally in the tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. Fruits of physic nut present an oil content of 28% on a dry weight basis. Although the plant has adapted to diverse soil conditions such as low fertility, the correction of soil acidity and the addition of fertilizer are essential for highly productive plants. Thus, the response of the physic nut to different soil phosphorus levels (P) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation must be characterized. Hence, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the response of physic nut seedlings to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation at different levels of soil P. Experiment was carried out in a greenhouse encompassing AMF treatments (inoculation with Gigaspora margarita or Glomus clarum, and the non inoculated controls), and phosphorus treatments (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 added to soil). At low soil P levels, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation had a significant positive effect on plant growth, shoot and root dry matter content, plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf area per leaf and the Dickson quality index. The root:shoot ratio and the leaf area ratio were also affected by mycorrhizal inoculation and the level of P addition. Physic nut plants exhibited high mycorrhizal dependency at soil P additions up to 50 mg kg-1.

Effects of native vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate fertilizer on red clover growth in acid soils

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Sainz ◽  
J. Arines
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

SummaryThe effect of P applications and native vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) on the growth and P nutrition of red clover plants was studied in two acid hill soils with similar edaphic characteristics.Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were compared under sterilized soil conditions. Plant growth increased on P addition in both soils, but the effect of mycorrhiza in improving drymatter production and P uptake was significant only in one of the soils. Fourteen and twenty-five mg/kg Olsen-P were needed in this soil to obtain the same yields by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, respectively. Results are explained in terms of a different effectiveness of the two fungal populations, and the possible effect of the soil sterilization process on percentage VAM infection is discussed.

scholarly journals (371) Hydroponic Inoculation of Cranberry with Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1058D-1058
Author(s):  
Piero A. Spada ◽  
Beth Ann A. Workmaster ◽  
Kevin R. Kosola
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) plants colonized with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are capable of utilizing organic nitrogen sources that are unavailable to non-mycorrhizal plants. Despite the importance of mycorrhizal colonization in the nitrogen nutrition of wild cranberry, almost all measurements of cranberry nitrogen uptake and assimilation have been carried out with non-mycorrhizal plants. We have found that cranberry can be inoculated directly in solution culture. We cultured the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphusericaein liquid culture, harvested and rinsed hyphae, and added ≈200 mg fresh weight hyphae per rooted cranberry cutting (cv. Stevens) growing in a modified Johnson's solution. After 6 weeks, newly developed roots were most heavily colonized. We examined the effects of NH4+ concentration (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 μm NH4+) in solution on colonization rates. Colonization (% root length) increased with increasing ammonium concentration in solution, with maximum colonization at 50 and 100 μm NH4+; colonization was much lower at 500 μm NH4+. Cranberry inoculated with H. ericaein solution culture will be used for analysis of the effects of mycorrhizal colonization on uptake kinetics of NH4+, NO3-, and amino acids.

scholarly journals 435 PB 206 EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF NEEM TREE SEEDLINGS (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS)

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 493e-493
Author(s):  
Lop Phavaphutanon ◽  
Fred T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
P Supply

Growth and nutrient content of neem tree seedlings (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were studied in response to the mycorrhial fungi Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith and Long Ashton Nutrient Solution (LANS) modified to supply phosphorus (P) at 0.65 and 1.30 mM P. Three months after inoculation, an extensive mycorrhizal colonization was observed in mycorrhizal plants at both P levels. Shoot growth of mycorrhizal plants was similar at both P levels while the growth of nonmycorrhizal plants increased with increasing P supply. Mycorrhizal plants had greater leaf area, shoot dry weight and root to shoot ratio than nonmycorrhizal plants at the same P level. The length of nonsuberized roots increased with increasing P supply regardless of mycorrhizal colonization while the length of suberized roots was significantly increased by mycorrhiza. Mycorrhiza altered dry mass partitioning to root systems resulting in greater length and dry weight of suberized roots in mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhiza also improved nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and sulfur uptake but did not affect micronutrient uptake, except for enhancing boron.

Soil P reduces mycorrhizal colonization while favors fungal pathogens: observational and experimental evidence in Bipinnula (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Mujica ◽  
María Fernanda Pérez ◽  
Marcin Jakalski ◽  
Florent Martos ◽  
Marc André Selosse
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
P Addition

ABSTRACT Little is known about the soil factors influencing root-associated fungal communities in Orchidaceae. Limited evidence suggests that soil nutrients may modulate the association with orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), but their influence on non-mycorrhizal fungi remains unexplored. To study how nutrient availability affects mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fungi associated with the orchid Bipinnula fimbriata, we conducted a metagenomic investigation within a large population with variable soil conditions. Additionally, we tested the effect of phosphorus (P) addition on fungal communities and mycorrhizal colonization. Soil P negatively correlated with the abundance of OMF, but not with the abundance of non-mycorrhizal fungi. After fertilization, increments in soil P negatively affected mycorrhizal colonization; however, they had no effect on OMF richness or composition. The abundance and richness of pathotrophs were negatively related to mycorrhizal colonization and then, after fertilization, the decrease in mycorrhizal colonization correlated with an increase in pathogen richness. Our results suggest that OMF are affected by soil conditions differently from non-mycorrhizal fungi. Bipinnula fimbriata responds to fertilization by altering mycorrhizal colonization rather than by switching OMF partners in the short term, and the influence of nutrients on OMF is coupled with indirect effects on the whole fungal community and potentially on plant's health.

scholarly journals Biochar Amendments Improve Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) Growth and Nutrient Uptake under Salt Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽  
Hua Ma ◽  
Burak Alaylar ◽  
Zohreh Zoghi ◽  
Aida Kistaubayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is a salt and drought tolerant legume suitable for rehabilitating abandoned saline lands, especially in dry arid regions. We hypothesized that soil amended with maize-derived biochar might alleviate salt stress in licorice by improving its growth, nutrient acquisition, and root system adaptation. Experiments were designed to determine the effect of different biochar concentrations on licorice growth parameters, acquisition of C (carbon), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and on soil enzyme activities under saline and non-saline soil conditions. Pyrolysis char from maize (600 °C) was used at concentrations of 2% (B2), 4% (B4), and 6% (B6) for pot experiments. After 40 days, biochar improved the shoot and root biomass of licorice by 80 and 41% under saline soil conditions. However, B4 and B6 did not have a significant effect on shoot growth. Furthermore, increased nodule numbers of licorice grown at B4 amendment were observed under both non-saline and saline conditions. The root architectural traits, such as root length, surface area, project area, root volume, and nodulation traits, also significantly increased by biochar application at both B2 and B4. The concentrations of N and K in plant tissue increased under B2 and B4 amendments compared to the plants grown without biochar application. Moreover, the soil under saline conditions amended with biochar showed a positive effect on the activities of soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, proteases, and acid phosphomonoesterases. Overall, this study demonstrated the beneficial effects of maize-derived biochar on growth and nutrient uptake of licorice under saline soil conditions by improving nodule formation and root architecture, as well as soil enzyme activity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosystem II of the Host Plant Under Salt Stress: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingnan Wang ◽  
Jinghong Wang ◽  
Xiufeng Yan ◽  
Shengnan Sun ◽  
Jixiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Electron Transfer Rate ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Amf Inoculation

As important components of the photosynthetic apparatus, photosystems I (PS I) and II (PS II) are sensitive to salinity. Salt stress can destroy the PS II reaction center, disrupt electron transport from PS II to PS I, and ultimately lead to a decrease in the photosynthetic capacity of the plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance the photosynthetic capacity of a host plant under salinity stress. However, this specific effect of AMF is not always predictable. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis including 436 independent observations to compare chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in response to AMF inoculation under salt stress. The results showed that AMF inoculation had a positive total impact on photosynthesis in the host plant. Subgroup analysis showed that annual host plants had better performance in terms of photosynthesis after inoculation. The mitigating effects of AMF on the photosynthetic rate (Pn), actual quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PS II (ɸPS II), and electron transfer rate (ETR) in C4 species were higher than those in C3 species. Moreover, the photosynthesis performance of monocotyledon species was better than that of dicotyledon species after AMF inoculation. The woody host plants had higher energy utilization by way of an enhanced electron transfer rate to reduce energy dissipation after AMF inoculation. Finally, the mitigating effect of AMF on plants under moderate salinity was stronger than that under high salinity. Among AMF species, Funneliformis mosseae was found to be the most effective in enhancing the photosynthesis performance of plants. For the analyzed dataset, AMF inoculation alleviated the detrimental effects of salinity on photosystem II of the host plant by improving the utilization of photons and photosynthetic electron transport, and also by reducing the susceptibility of photosystem II to photoinhibition.

scholarly journals Citric acid and AMF Inoculation Combination Assisted phytoextraction of vanadium (V) by Medicago Sativa in V Mining Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lang Qiu ◽  
Wenlong Gao ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Baoqin Li ◽  
Weimin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Abstract The use of citric acid (CA) chelator to facilitate metal bioavailability is a promising approach for phytoextraction of heavy metal contaminants. However, the role of CA chelator associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on phytoextraction of vanadium (V) has not been studied. Therefore, in this study, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of CA chelator and AMF inoculation on plant growth and V phytoextraction in the V mining contaminated soil by Medicago sativa Linn. (M. sativa). The experiment was performed via CA (at 0, 5 and 10 mM kg− 1 soil levels) application alone or in combination with AMF inoculation. Plant biomass, root mycorrhizal colonization, P and V accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity in plant, and soil chemical speciation of V were evaluated. Results depicted (1) a marked decline in plant biomass and root mycorrhizal colonization in 5- and 10-mM CA treatments which were accompanied by a significant increased V accumulation in M. sativa tissues. The effects could be attributed to the enhancement of bioavailable V by mainly transferring from the reducible to acid-soluble V fraction. (2) The presence of CA significantly enhanced P acquisition while the ratio of P/V concentration in plant shoots and roots decreased, owing to the increased V translocation from soil to plant. (3) In both CA treated soil, AMF symbiosis significantly improved dry weight (31.4–73.3%) and P content (37.3-122.5%) in shoot and root of M. sativa, and showed markedly contribution in reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) content (12.8–16.2%) and higher antioxidants (SOD, POD and CAT) activities in the leaves, suggesting their combination could promote growth performance and stimulate antioxidant response alleviating V stress induced by CA chelator. (4) Taken together, 10 mM kg− 1 CA application and AMF inoculation combination exhibited higher amount of extracted V both in the shoot and root. Thus, citric acid-AMF-plant symbiosis provides a novel remediation strategy for in situ V phytoextraction by M. sativa in the contaminated soil.

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