scholarly journals Preceding crop and tillage system affect winter survival of wheat and the fungal communities on young wheat roots and in soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Friberg ◽  
Paula Persson ◽  
Dan Funck Jensen ◽  
Göran Bergkvist
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Agricultural practices like tillage and cropping sequence have profound influence on soil-living and plant-associated fungi, and thereby on plant growth. In a field experiment, we studied the effects of preceding crop and tillage on fungal communities in the soil and on young winter wheat roots in relation to plant winter survival and grain yield. We hypothesized that plant performance and fungal communities (described by amplicon sequencing) differ depending on tillage system and preceding crop; that the effect of preceding crop differs depending on tillage system, and that differences in fungal communities are reflected in plant performance. In line with our hypotheses, effects of preceding crop on plant growth and fungal communities on plant roots and in soil were more pronounced under non-inversion tillage than under inversion tillage (ploughing). Fungal communities on plant roots in treatments with low winter survival were different from those with better survival. In soil, several fungal OTUs (operational taxonomic units) differed significantly between tillage systems. OTUs representing putative plant pathogens were either more abundant (Parastagonospora sp._27) or less abundant (Fusarium culmorum/graminearum_5) after non-inversion tillage. Our findings highlight the influence of cultural practices on fungal communities and thereby on plant health and yield.

scholarly journals Effects of tillage system and forecrop type on frequency of Fusarium culmorum and F. avenaceum occurrence on culm base of some winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Weber ◽  
Włodzimierz Kita
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

In the years 2001 - 2003, there were analyzed relations between the number of <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i>, fungi found on culm base parts of stalks of seven winter wheat cultivars, and preceding crop type as well as the cultivation system. The research was carried out in Poland, on light soil plots of a Lower Silesia-based experimental station subordinate to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG). The loglinear and correspondence analyses proved varying immunity of particular wheat cultivars to <i>F. culmorum</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i> fungi. There were also observed significant differences in <i>Fusarium</i> diseases of wheat as dependent on precipitation and temperature in the growing season. The Kobra cultivar was highly resistant to <i>F. avenaceum</i>. The lowest amounts of <i>F. culmorum</i> fungi were detected in the culm base parts of the Izolda cultivar. The cultivation of corn, as a preceding crop for oats and for spring wheat, did significantly differentiate varieties of fungi in the cultivation systems examined. In the plough cultivation system, wheat was mainly infected by <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>, whereas in direct sowing, particular cultivars of wheat were mostly infected by <i>F. avenaceum</i>.

scholarly journals A Community Effort: Combining Functional Amplicon Sequencing and Metagenomics Reveals Potential Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Associated with Protective Phenotypes in Rhizosphere Microbiomes

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn M. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
First Line ◽  
Community Effort ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

Soil-dwelling microorganisms associated with plant roots carry out essential processes that promote plant growth and productivity. In addition to these beneficial functions, the rhizosphere microbiome also serves as the first line of defense against many plant pathogens.

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

scholarly journals The Potential of Rhizoctonia-Like Fungi for the Biological Protection of Cereals against Fungal Pathogens

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Dominik Bleša ◽  
Pavel Matušinský ◽  
Romana Sedmíková ◽  
Milan Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Organic Substrates

The use of biological control is becoming a common practice in plant production. One overlooked group of organisms potentially suitable for biological control are Rhizoctonia-like (Rh-like) fungi. Some of them are capable of forming endophytic associations with a large group of higher plants as well as mycorrhizal symbioses. Various benefits of endophytic associations were proved, including amelioration of devastating effects of pathogens such as Fusarium culmorum. The advantage of Rh-like endophytes over strictly biotrophic mycorrhizal organisms is the possibility of their cultivation on organic substrates, which makes their use more suitable for production. We focused on abilities of five Rh-like fungi isolated from orchid mycorrhizas, endophytic fungi Serendipita indica, Microdochium bolleyi and pathogenic Ceratobasidium cereale to inhibit the growth of pathogenic F. culmorum or Pyrenophora teres in vitro. We also analysed their suppressive effect on wheat infection by F. culmorum in a growth chamber, as well as an effect on barley under field conditions. Some of the Rh-like fungi affected the growth of plant pathogens in vitro, then the interaction with plants was tested. Beneficial effect was especially noted in the pot experiments, where wheat plants were negatively influenced by F. culmorum. Inoculation with S. indica caused higher dry shoot biomass in comparison to plants treated with fungicide. Prospective for future work are the effects of these endophytes on plant signalling pathways, factors affecting the level of colonization and surviving of infectious particles.

scholarly journals Protists as main indicators and determinants of plant performance

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Guo ◽  
Wu Xiong ◽  
Xinnan Hang ◽  
Zhilei Gao ◽  
Zixuan Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Microbes

Abstract Background Microbiomes play vital roles in plant health and performance, and the development of plant beneficial microbiomes can be steered by organic fertilizer inputs. Especially well-studied are fertilizer-induced changes on bacteria and fungi and how changes in these groups alter plant performance. However, impacts on protist communities, including their trophic interactions within the microbiome and consequences on plant performance remain largely unknown. Here, we tracked the entire microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and protists, over six growing seasons of cucumber under different fertilization regimes (conventional, organic, and Trichoderma bio-organic fertilization) and linked microbial data to plant yield to identify plant growth-promoting microbes. Results Yields were higher in the (bio-)organic fertilization treatments. Soil abiotic conditions were altered by the fertilization regime, with the prominent effects coming from the (bio-)organic fertilization treatments. Those treatments also led to the pronounced shifts in protistan communities, especially microbivorous cercozoan protists. We found positive correlations of these protists with plant yield and the density of potentially plant-beneficial microorganisms. We further explored the mechanistic ramifications of these relationships via greenhouse experiments, showing that cercozoan protists can positively impact plant growth, potentially via interactions with plant-beneficial microorganisms including Trichoderma, the biological agent delivered by the bio-fertilizer. Conclusions We show that protists may play central roles in stimulating plant performance through microbiome interactions. Future agricultural practices might aim to specifically enhance plant beneficial protists or apply those protists as novel, sustainable biofertilizers.

Tillage System, Preceding Crop, and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wheat Crop: II. Water Utilization

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael J. López-Bellido ◽  
Luis López-Bellido ◽  
Jorge Benítez-Vega ◽  
Francisco J. López-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Tillage System

scholarly journals Genome Sequencing of Pantoea agglomerans C1 Provides Insights into Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Plant Growth-Promotion and Tolerance to Heavy Metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Luziatelli ◽  
Anna Grazia Ficca ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Francesca Melini ◽  
Andrea Cavalieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Distinctive strains of Pantoea are used as soil inoculants for their ability to promote plant growth. Pantoea agglomerans strain C1, previously isolated from the phyllosphere of lettuce, can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilize phosphate, and inhibit plant pathogens, such as Erwinia amylovora. In this paper, the complete genome sequence of strain C1 is reported. In addition, experimental evidence is provided on how the strain tolerates arsenate As (V) up to 100 mM, and on how secreted metabolites like IAA and siderophores act as biostimulants in tomato cuttings. The strain has a circular chromosome and two prophages for a total genome of 4,846,925-bp, with a DNA G+C content of 55.2%. Genes related to plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity, such as those associated with IAA and spermidine synthesis, solubilization of inorganic phosphate, acquisition of ferrous iron, and production of volatile organic compounds, siderophores and GABA, were found in the genome of strain C1. Genome analysis also provided better understanding of the mechanisms underlying strain resistance to multiple toxic heavy metals and transmission of these genes by horizontal gene transfer. Findings suggested that strain C1 exhibits high biotechnological potential as plant growth-promoting bacterium in heavy metal polluted soils.

scholarly journals Fungi in Permafrost-Affected Soils of the Canadian Arctic: Horizon- and Site-Specific Keystone Taxa Revealed by Co-Occurrence Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1943
Author(s):  
Milan Varsadiya ◽  
Tim Urich ◽  
Gustaf Hugelius ◽  
Jiří Bárta
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region

Permafrost-affected soil stores a significant amount of organic carbon. Identifying the biological constraints of soil organic matter transformation, e.g., the interaction of major soil microbial soil organic matter decomposers, is crucial for predicting carbon vulnerability in permafrost-affected soil. Fungi are important players in the decomposition of soil organic matter and often interact in various mutualistic relationships during this process. We investigated four different soil horizon types (including specific horizons of cryoturbated soil organic matter (cryoOM)) across different types of permafrost-affected soil in the Western Canadian Arctic, determined the composition of fungal communities by sequencing (Illumina MPS) the fungal internal transcribed spacer region, assigned fungal lifestyles, and by determining the co-occurrence of fungal network properties, identified the topological role of keystone fungal taxa. Compositional analysis revealed a significantly higher relative proportion of the litter saprotroph Lachnum and root-associated saprotroph Phialocephala in the topsoil and the ectomycorrhizal close-contact exploring Russula in cryoOM, whereas Sites 1 and 2 had a significantly higher mean proportion of plant pathogens and lichenized trophic modes. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed the lowest modularity and average path length, and highest clustering coefficient in cryoOM, which suggested a lower network resistance to environmental perturbation. Zi-Pi plot analysis suggested that some keystone taxa changed their role from generalist to specialist, depending on the specific horizon concerned, Cladophialophora in topsoil, saprotrophic Mortierella in cryoOM, and Penicillium in subsoil were classified as generalists for the respective horizons but specialists elsewhere. The litter saprotrophic taxon Cadophora finlandica played a role as a generalist in Site 1 and specialist in the rest of the sites. Overall, these results suggested that fungal communities within cryoOM were more susceptible to environmental change and some taxa may shift their role, which may lead to changes in carbon storage in permafrost-affected soil.

scholarly journals Scale-Dependent Effects of Growth Stage and Elevational Gradient on Rice Phyllosphere Bacterial and Fungal Microbial Patterns in the Terrace Field

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Jianping Dai ◽  
Luyun Luo ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Decai Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Phyllosphere Bacteria

The variation of phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities along elevation gradients may provide a potential link with temperature, which corresponds to an elevation over short geographic distances. At the same time, the plant growth stage is also an important factor affecting phyllosphere microorganisms. Understanding microbiological diversity over changes in elevation and among plant growth stages is important for developing crop growth ecological theories. Thus, we investigated variations in the composition of the rice phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities at five sites along an elevation gradient from 580 to 980 m above sea level (asl) in the Ziquejie Mountain at the seedling, heading, and mature stages, using high-throughput Illumina sequencing methods. The results revealed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, and the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, which varied significantly at different elevation sites and growth stages. Elevation had a greater effect on the α diversity of phyllosphere bacteria than on that phyllosphere fungi. Meanwhile, the growth stage had a great effect on the α diversity of both phyllosphere bacteria and fungi. Our results also showed that the composition of bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly along elevation within the different growth stages, in terms of both changes in the relative abundance of species, and that the variations in bacterial and fungal composition were well correlated with variations in the average elevation. A total of 18 bacterial and 24 fungal genera were significantly correlated with elevational gradient, displaying large differences at the various growth stages. Soluble protein (SP) shared a strong positive correlation with bacterial and fungal communities (p &lt; 0.05) and had a strong significant negative correlation with Serratia, Passalora, unclassified_Trichosphaeriales, and antioxidant enzymes (R &gt; 0.5, p &lt; 0.05), and significant positive correlation with the fungal genera Xylaria, Gibberella, and Penicillium (R &gt; 0.5, p &lt; 0.05). Therefore, it suggests that elevation and growth stage might alter both the diversity and abundance of phyllosphere bacterial and fungal populations.

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