scholarly journals Predicting daily COVID-19 case rates from SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations across a diversity of wastewater catchments

FEMS Microbes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zulli ◽  
Annabelle Pan ◽  
Stephen M Bart ◽  
Forrest W Crawford ◽  
Edward H Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Coverage Probabilities ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Limited Testing

Abstract We assessed the relationship between municipality COVID-19 case rates and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in the primary sludge of corresponding wastewater treatment facilities. Over 1,700 daily primary sludge samples were collected from six wastewater treatment facilities with catchments serving 18 cities and towns in the State of Connecticut, USA. Samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations during a 10 month time period that overlapped with October 2020 and winter/spring 2021 COVID-19 outbreaks in each municipality. We fit lagged regression models to estimate reported case rates in the six municipalities from SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations collected daily from corresponding wastewater treatment facilities. Results demonstrate the ability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in primary sludge to estimate COVID-19 reported case rates across treatment facilities and wastewater catchments, with coverage probabilities ranging from 0.94 to 0.96. Lags of 0 to 1 days resulted in the greatest predictive power for the model. Leave-one-out cross validation suggests that the model can be broadly applied to wastewater catchments that range in more than one order of magnitude in population served. The close relationship between case rates and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations demonstrates the utility of using primary sludge samples for monitoring COVID-19 outbreak dynamics. Estimating case rates from wastewater data can be useful in locations with limited testing availability, testing disparities, or delays in individual COVID-19 testing programs.

scholarly journals Predicting daily COVID-19 case rates from SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations across a diversity of wastewater catchments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zulli ◽  
Annabelle Pan ◽  
Stephen M. Bart ◽  
Forrest W. Crawford ◽  
Edward H. Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Coverage Probabilities ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Regression ◽  
Limited Testing

AbstractWe assessed the relationship between municipality COVID-19 case rates and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in the primary sludge of corresponding wastewater treatment facilities. Over 1,000 daily primary sludge samples were collected from six wastewater treatment facilities with catchments serving 18 cities and towns in the State of Connecticut, USA. Samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations during a six-month time period that overlapped with fall 2020 and winter 2021 COVID-19 outbreaks in each municipality. We fit a single regression model to estimate reported case rates in the six municipalities from SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations collected daily from corresponding wastewater treatment facilities. Results demonstrate the ability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in primary sludge to estimate COVID-19 reported case rates across treatment facilities and wastewater catchments, with coverage probabilities ranging from 0.94 to 0.96. Leave-one-out cross validation suggests that the model can be broadly applied to wastewater catchments that range in more than one order of magnitude in population served. Estimation of case rates from wastewater data can be useful in locations with limited testing availability or testing disparities, or delays in individual COVID-19 testing programs.

Assessment of the microbial toxicity test and its application for industrial wastewaters

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Yang Chen ◽  
Jau-Bin Huang ◽  
Shing-Der Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Microbial Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, two microbial bioassays, i.e. the commercialized Microtox® test and the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) method, are used to assess the individual response of existing wastewater treatment facilities in several high-intensity pollution industries. Initially, the microbial toxicity of manufacturing effluents from a petrochemical industry are assessed. The toxicant sources in the manufacturing effluents are then investigated to develop the baseline of the waste reduction in the manufacturing processes. According to these results, the amount of aldehyde group contributes the majority of the microbial toxicity in the wastewater. Therefore, the abatement of the aldehyde wastewater may be the most effective factor to release the loads for following wastewater treatment facilities. To control the discharge sources to the treatment facilities (WWTP), WWTPs with high-intensity pollution industries and public WWTPs in three industrial districts are further evaluated with their effluents to determine the primary contributor of toxicants. From the effluent toxicity results, the relationship between organic loads and toxic effluents exhibits a positive conjunction in the high-intensity pollution industries. If these industries can enhance their removal efficiency of organic compounds in the pretreatment system, the toxicity of their effluents can be effectively reduced. Consequently, the following treatment facilities can perform more efficiently to satisfy their needs.

Toxicity assessment of industrial wastewater by microbial testing method

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Yang Chen ◽  
Jun-Nen Chen ◽  
Shing-Der Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Industrial Districts ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study the commercial Microtox® test is used to assess the individual response of existing wastewater pretreatment facilities in several high-intensive pollution industries. To control the discharge sources to the wastewater treatment facilities (WWTP), public WWTP with high-intensive pollution industries in three industrial districts are evaluated with their influents to determine the primary contributor of toxicants. From the tested toxicity results, the relationship between organic loads and toxic discharges exhibits a positive conjunction in the high-intensive pollution industries. If these industries can enhance their operating performance in the pretreatment system, the toxicity of their discharges can be effectively reduced.

scholarly journals Occurrence and reduction of F-specific RNA bacteriophage genotypes as indicators of human norovirus at a wastewater treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntae Lee ◽  
Mamoru Suwa ◽  
Hiroyuki Shigemura
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs) have been suggested as good indicators of the presence of human enteric viruses in water treatment facilities. The occurrence and reduction of norovirus (NoV) and FRNAPH genotypes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been well studied; however, the relationship between these genotypes in WWTPs has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and reduction of FRNAPH genotypes in an attempt to identify NoV indicators in a WWTP via a 1-year survey. All FRNAPH and NoV genotypes were detected in WWTP influents at high rates (71–100%), including the infectious FRNAPH genotype IV (GIV), which has been rarely detected in previous studies. The reductions of FRNAPH GII and NoV GII during wastewater treatment indicated a relationship between the two (r = 0.69, P < 0.01), and the mean values were not significantly different. These results suggested that FRNAPH GII could be used as an appropriate indicator of NoV GII during wastewater treatment. FRNAPH GI was also found to be an appropriate indicator of viral reduction because of its high resistance to wastewater treatment compared with the other FRNAPH and NoV genotypes; therefore, it can be considered as a worst-case scenario organism.

scholarly journals Rating change classication of insurance companies indicators

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
V. Zubchenko ◽  
Ye. Kostiuk ◽  
M. Lukashchuk ◽  
A. Yaroshevskyi
Keyword(s):  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Bayes Model ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rating Change

In this paper we investigate the relationship between financial indicators of insurance companies and news space. The news space is considered as a set of topics. The goal of the paper is to fit the model in order to forecast company's rating change for given indicators — whether rating will go up or down regarding the current value. As the data set we use news articles of the relevant insurance topics for the specified time period. The approach we use includes search for the most influential topics for the given indicator. To retrieve topics, we used Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and Naive Bayes model. For the validation the Leave-One-Out approach was used with accuracy metric.

scholarly journals Limited Testing at the Bob Turbeville Site (41WD382), Wood County, Texas

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
East And West ◽  
Sabine River ◽  
Limited Testing ◽  
Grave Goods

The Bob Turbeville site (41WD382) is an Early to Middle Caddoan period occupation on the upper Sabine River, likely a small farmstead or hamlet containing a trash midden and possible house areas. Previous work at the site had identified a human burial with associated grave goods. Radiocarbon analysis suggests that the occupation of the site dates to around A.D. 1165 to 1290. Work at the Turbeville site was conducted in October 1995 by Paul Price Associates, Inc. under the auspices of the Antiquities Code of Texas in association with a proposed expansion of the existing wastewater treatment facilities at Mineola, Texas. The site is located just south of Mineola, along the slope and valley margin of a dissected landform that projects out above extensive Pleistocene terrace deposits of the Sabine River. Two unnamed tributaries bisect the terrace deposits to the east and west of the site.

Predicting the Dose of Warfarin for Therapeutic Anticoagulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 230-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N K Sharma ◽  
P A Routledge ◽  
M D Rawlins ◽  
D M Davies
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anticoagulant Response

SummaryThe validity of a previously described technique for predicting warfarin requirements based on the anticoagulant response to a fixed loading dose was assessed prospectively in 57 patients. There was a close relationship between the predicted and initially observed daily warfarin dose required to maintain the patient within the therapeutic range for anticoagulation. The significant relationship between predicted and observed maintenance dose persisted at 4 and 12 weeks although it decreased with increasing time.The relationship between observed and predicted maintenance requirement of warfarin was not affected by the concomitant use of intermittent intravenous injections of heparin when 9 hr was allowed to elapse between the previous dose of heparin and the thrombotest estimation on which the prediction was based.It is concluded that the method is valuable in predicting an individual’s warfarin requirement, although it does not obviate the need for regular monitoring of anticoagulant control.

Hubungan antara Luas Lesi pada Foto Toraks Penderita TB Paru Dewasa yang Memiliki Riwayat Diabetes Melitus dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Ina Edwina ◽  
Rista D Soetikno ◽  
Irma H Hikmat
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence rates are increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. There is a relationship between TB and DM that are very prominent, which is the prevalence of pulmonary TB with DM increased by 20 times compared with pulmonary TB without diabetes. Chest X-ray picture of TB patients with DM is atypical lesion. However, there are contradictories of pulmonary TB lesion on chest radiograph of DM patients. Nutritional status has a close relationship with the morbidity of DM, as well as TB.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the lesions of TB on the chest radiograph of patients who su?er from DM with their Body Mass Index (BMI) in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Radiology RSHS Bandung between October 2014 - February 2015. We did a consecutive sampling of chest radiograph and IMT of DM patients with clinical diagnosis of TB, then the data was analysed by Chi Square test to determine the relationship between degree of lesions on chest radiograph of pulmonary TB on patients who have DM with their BMI.Results: The results showed that adult patients with active pulmonary TB with DM mostly in the range of age 51-70 years old, equal to 62.22%, with the highest gender in men, equal to 60%. Chest radiograph of TB in patients with DM are mostly seen in people who are obese, which is 40% and the vast majority of lesions are minimal lesions that is equal to 40%.Conclusions: There is a signifcant association between pulmonary TB lesion degree with BMI, with p = 0.03

TAFSIR AYAT-AYAT ZAKAT SEBAGAI PENGUAT KONSEP FILANTROPI EKONOMI KEUMMATAN (Tafsir Verses Of Zakat As The Booster Of Public Economic Philanthropy Concept)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-137
Author(s):  
Mustaqim Makki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Public Economic ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Vertical Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Functional Content

Zakat merupakan salah satu sendi pokok ajaran Islam. Urgensi zakat yang merupakan anjuran agama Islam untuk menunaikan zakat dan memberikannya kepada yang berhak dengan ketentuan mencapai nishabnya, (kadar minimum harta tertentu) mempunyai nilai sangat signifikan dalam kehidupan manusia. Seorang insan yang sarat akan segala permasalahan pada fitrahnya menuntut untuk selalu berinteraksi kepada sesama, baik berupa materi maupun non materi. Zakat merupakan maliyah ijtima’iyyah yang mengandung nilai-nilai filantropi yang sangat tinggi, karena ketika mengaplikasikan kewajiban zakat kita telah membantu sesama serta mengurangi kesenjangan yang disebabkan beberapa sifat manusia diantaranya adalah sifat kikir, dengki dan iri hati. Menguatnya kembali harapan banyak kalangan terhadap implementasi filantropi Islam, baik dalam bentuk zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf, memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan kondisi bangsa yang belum sepenuhnya bangkit dari keterpurukan sebagai dampak dari krisis ekonomi yang berkepanjangan. Kondisi ini berakibat kesenjangan penguasaan perekonomian antar warga negara menjadi kian lebar. Pada saat itulah, ziswaf (zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf) kembali dilirik dan diharapkan menjadi alternatif solusi terhadap problem kemiskinan umat. Manusia sebagai khalifah fil ardh dalam Al Qurán menekankan muatan fungsional yang harus diemban oleh manusia dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas kesejarahan dalam kehidupannya di muka bumi. Kaitan dengan konsep tersebut, ada dua fungsi manusia. Pertama: Manusia sebagai hamba (ábid), dituntut untuk sukses menjalin hubungan secara vertikal dalam hal ini hubungannya dengan ketuhanan (Teologis). Kedua adalah manusia sebagai khalifah, dituntut untuk sukses menjalin hubungan secara horizontal dalam hal ini hubungan terhadap manusia.Kata kunci: tafsir ayat zakat, filantropi, ekonomi keummatanAbstract:Zakat is one of the main points of Islamic teachings. The urgency of zakat which is suggested by Islam to fulfill and give it to those who are referred to with the provisions to reach their nishab, (minimum level of certain assets) has a very significant value in human life. A person who is full of all problems in his/her natural demands will always get interaction with other people, either material or non-material. Zakat is maliyah ijtima’iyyah which contains very high philanthropic values, because when applying the obligation of zakat we have helped others and reduced the gaps caused by some human traits including miser, jealousy and envy. The reinforcement of the expectations (estimation) from any levels on the implementation of Islamic philanthropy, which in the form of zakat, donation, alms and endowments, has a close relationship with the condition of the country that has not fully risen from bad economic adversity due to economic crisis. This condition causes a widening of the economic mastery among the citizens. At that moment, ziswaf (zakat, infaq, alms, and waqf) was again given a serious attentition and expected to be an alternative solution to the problem of poverty among citizens. Humans as khalifah fil ardh in the Qur'an emphasize the functional content that must be carried by humans in carrying out historical tasks in their lives on earth. In accordance with this concept, there are two human functions. First: Humans as servants (ábid), are required to succeed in establishing a vertical relationship in this case the relationship with God (Theological). Second, humans as caliphs, are required to succeed in establishing horizontal relationships in this case the relationship to humans.

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