Assessment of the microbial toxicity test and its application for industrial wastewaters

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Yang Chen ◽  
Jau-Bin Huang ◽  
Shing-Der Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Microbial Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, two microbial bioassays, i.e. the commercialized Microtox® test and the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) method, are used to assess the individual response of existing wastewater treatment facilities in several high-intensity pollution industries. Initially, the microbial toxicity of manufacturing effluents from a petrochemical industry are assessed. The toxicant sources in the manufacturing effluents are then investigated to develop the baseline of the waste reduction in the manufacturing processes. According to these results, the amount of aldehyde group contributes the majority of the microbial toxicity in the wastewater. Therefore, the abatement of the aldehyde wastewater may be the most effective factor to release the loads for following wastewater treatment facilities. To control the discharge sources to the treatment facilities (WWTP), WWTPs with high-intensity pollution industries and public WWTPs in three industrial districts are further evaluated with their effluents to determine the primary contributor of toxicants. From the effluent toxicity results, the relationship between organic loads and toxic effluents exhibits a positive conjunction in the high-intensity pollution industries. If these industries can enhance their removal efficiency of organic compounds in the pretreatment system, the toxicity of their effluents can be effectively reduced. Consequently, the following treatment facilities can perform more efficiently to satisfy their needs.

Toxicity assessment of industrial wastewater by microbial testing method

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Yang Chen ◽  
Jun-Nen Chen ◽  
Shing-Der Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Industrial Districts ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study the commercial Microtox® test is used to assess the individual response of existing wastewater pretreatment facilities in several high-intensive pollution industries. To control the discharge sources to the wastewater treatment facilities (WWTP), public WWTP with high-intensive pollution industries in three industrial districts are evaluated with their influents to determine the primary contributor of toxicants. From the tested toxicity results, the relationship between organic loads and toxic discharges exhibits a positive conjunction in the high-intensive pollution industries. If these industries can enhance their operating performance in the pretreatment system, the toxicity of their discharges can be effectively reduced.

scholarly journals Toward understanding three phases of individual responses to paradox

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Birkelund
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Paradox Theory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Phases

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to further paradox research at the individual level through applying a framework of three phases of individual response to paradox – recognition, understanding and behaviour.Design/methodology/approachCritical and integrative review of previous studies of individual responses to paradox.FindingsThe role of individual understanding is limited in extant research on individual responses to paradox. Individual understanding tends to be equated with behaviour, and thus knowledge of understanding is not differentiated enough, neither is the link between understanding and behaviour sufficiently developed.Research limitations/implicationsThe review does not consider the relationship to interactional, organisational and environmental contexts. The recommendation for future research is to explore individual responses to paradox more entirely, to provide an adequate ground for extending paradox theory across individual and broader levels of analysis.Originality/valueThe review contributes to paradox theory by separating individual understanding and then providing a framework in which recognition, understanding and behaviour can be reintegrated in new ways. In addition to more accurate discernment of individual understanding and of combinations of responses across phases, the three-phase framework facilitates investigation of more intricate influences across phases and paths of evolution of such responses over time.

scholarly journals Occurrence and reduction of F-specific RNA bacteriophage genotypes as indicators of human norovirus at a wastewater treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntae Lee ◽  
Mamoru Suwa ◽  
Hiroyuki Shigemura
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs) have been suggested as good indicators of the presence of human enteric viruses in water treatment facilities. The occurrence and reduction of norovirus (NoV) and FRNAPH genotypes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been well studied; however, the relationship between these genotypes in WWTPs has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and reduction of FRNAPH genotypes in an attempt to identify NoV indicators in a WWTP via a 1-year survey. All FRNAPH and NoV genotypes were detected in WWTP influents at high rates (71–100%), including the infectious FRNAPH genotype IV (GIV), which has been rarely detected in previous studies. The reductions of FRNAPH GII and NoV GII during wastewater treatment indicated a relationship between the two (r = 0.69, P < 0.01), and the mean values were not significantly different. These results suggested that FRNAPH GII could be used as an appropriate indicator of NoV GII during wastewater treatment. FRNAPH GI was also found to be an appropriate indicator of viral reduction because of its high resistance to wastewater treatment compared with the other FRNAPH and NoV genotypes; therefore, it can be considered as a worst-case scenario organism.

scholarly journals Predicting daily COVID-19 case rates from SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations across a diversity of wastewater catchments

FEMS Microbes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zulli ◽  
Annabelle Pan ◽  
Stephen M Bart ◽  
Forrest W Crawford ◽  
Edward H Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Coverage Probabilities ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Limited Testing

Abstract We assessed the relationship between municipality COVID-19 case rates and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in the primary sludge of corresponding wastewater treatment facilities. Over 1,700 daily primary sludge samples were collected from six wastewater treatment facilities with catchments serving 18 cities and towns in the State of Connecticut, USA. Samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations during a 10 month time period that overlapped with October 2020 and winter/spring 2021 COVID-19 outbreaks in each municipality. We fit lagged regression models to estimate reported case rates in the six municipalities from SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations collected daily from corresponding wastewater treatment facilities. Results demonstrate the ability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in primary sludge to estimate COVID-19 reported case rates across treatment facilities and wastewater catchments, with coverage probabilities ranging from 0.94 to 0.96. Lags of 0 to 1 days resulted in the greatest predictive power for the model. Leave-one-out cross validation suggests that the model can be broadly applied to wastewater catchments that range in more than one order of magnitude in population served. The close relationship between case rates and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations demonstrates the utility of using primary sludge samples for monitoring COVID-19 outbreak dynamics. Estimating case rates from wastewater data can be useful in locations with limited testing availability, testing disparities, or delays in individual COVID-19 testing programs.

Application of dispersion modelling to odour assessment: a practical tool or a complex trap?

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Odour Annoyance

The use of modelling techniques for predicting the dispersion of odours from wastewater treatment plants is considered in relation to both the resolution of odour problems and the design requirements for new facilities. The issues of community odour annoyance and nuisance are discussed in the context of modelling averaging times, short-term odour peaks and the nature of the individual odours. In addition, the derivation of acceptable odour annoyance criteria is discussed with a comparison of different international approaches and a practical approach to resolving design criteria is proposed. Four case studies include the analysis and resolution of severe odour problems at two major wastewater treatment facilities and the evaluation of “Cordons Sanitaire” in the planning of new housing developments. In the first two cases, modelling was used to identify the most significant processes in terms of off-site effects and then to assess the required abatement level to achieve an acceptable complaints frequency. Inthe third case, dispersion modelling was used to assess the effectiveness of planned odour control measures in the release of land for residential development. The fourth case study demonstrates how an overly-stringent approach to odour control can cause problems.

Repeatability of the Individual Response to the Use of Active Recovery the Day After High-Intensity Interval Training: A Double-Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Thimo Wiewelhove ◽  
Constantin Thase ◽  
Marcel Glahn ◽  
Anthony Hessel ◽  
Christoph Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Measure Analysis ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: To identify whether the use of active recovery (ACT) the day after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) benefits recovery and to assess whether individual responses to ACT are repeatable. Methods: Eleven well-trained, male intermittent-sport athletes (age: 25.5 ± 1.8 y) completed 4 HIIT sessions, each separated by a 2-week washout period. Of the 4 sessions, 2 were followed by passive recovery (PAS) and 2 by 60 minutes of moderate biking (ACT) 24 hours postexercise in the following sequences: ACT→PAS→ACT→PAS or PAS→ACT→PAS→ACT. Before and after HIIT and after 24 and 48 hours of recovery, maximal voluntary isometric strength (MVIC), countermovement jump height (CMJ), tensiomyographic markers of muscle fatigue (TMG), serum concentration of creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness (MS), and perceived stress state (PS) were determined. Results: A 3-way repeated-measure analysis of variance with a triple-nested random effects model revealed a significant (P < .05) fatigue-related time effect of HIIT on markers of fatigue (MVIC↓; CMJ↓; TMG↑; CK↑; MS↑; PS↑). No significant (P > .05) main effect of recovery strategy was detected. In 9 subjects, the individual results revealed inconsistent and nonrepeatable responses to ACT, while a consistent and repeatable positive or negative response to ACT was found in 2 individuals. Conclusions: The repeated failure of ACT to limit the severity of fatigue was found both at the group level and with most individuals. However, a small percentage of athletes may be more likely to benefit repeatedly from either ACT or PAS. Therefore, the use of ACT should be individualized.

scholarly journals Predicting daily COVID-19 case rates from SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations across a diversity of wastewater catchments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zulli ◽  
Annabelle Pan ◽  
Stephen M. Bart ◽  
Forrest W. Crawford ◽  
Edward H. Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Coverage Probabilities ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Regression ◽  
Limited Testing

AbstractWe assessed the relationship between municipality COVID-19 case rates and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in the primary sludge of corresponding wastewater treatment facilities. Over 1,000 daily primary sludge samples were collected from six wastewater treatment facilities with catchments serving 18 cities and towns in the State of Connecticut, USA. Samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations during a six-month time period that overlapped with fall 2020 and winter 2021 COVID-19 outbreaks in each municipality. We fit a single regression model to estimate reported case rates in the six municipalities from SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations collected daily from corresponding wastewater treatment facilities. Results demonstrate the ability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in primary sludge to estimate COVID-19 reported case rates across treatment facilities and wastewater catchments, with coverage probabilities ranging from 0.94 to 0.96. Leave-one-out cross validation suggests that the model can be broadly applied to wastewater catchments that range in more than one order of magnitude in population served. Estimation of case rates from wastewater data can be useful in locations with limited testing availability or testing disparities, or delays in individual COVID-19 testing programs.

scholarly journals Relationships between Resisted Sprint Performance and Different Strength and Power Measures in Rugby Players

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Santiago Zabaloy ◽  
Jorge Carlos-Vivas ◽  
Tomás T. Freitas ◽  
Fernando Pareja-Blanco ◽  
Lucas Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Joint Assessment

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between a specific isometric-strength sprint test (SIST) and unresisted maximum velocity (Vmax), sprint times across different loading conditions, and the velocity loss (Vloss) loads required to achieve each intended Vloss condition during resisted sprint training (RST) in rugby players. Additionally, the investigation examined the relationship between strength in the back-squat one-repetition maximum (1RM-SQ) as well as isometric squat (ISQT), jumps, and sprint performance variables. Twenty (n = 20) male amateur rugby players performed, on two separate occasions, a structural multiple-joint assessment of jumps, strength, and sprint performance. Interestingly, SIST revealed moderate correlations (r = 0.453 to 0.681; p < 0.05) between 1RM-SQ and ISQT. The SISTrel (relative to body mass), but not SIST, used in the present study showed moderate correlations (r = 0.508 to 0.675; p < 0.05) with the loads needed to reach 10%, 30%, and 50% of Vloss during RST. The SISTrel that measures resultant force application in a more sprint-related position explains much of the individual response of each athlete during sprinting towing a sled and can also be used to prescribe and quantify loads in the RST in a more objective and individual manner.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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