Wall teichoic acids: Physiology and applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wu ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
Guoli Gong ◽  
Mattheos A G Koffas ◽  
Jian Zha
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acids

Abstract Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are charged glycopolymers containing phosphodiester-linked polyol units and represent one of the major components of Gram-positive cell envelope. WTAs have important physiological functions in cell division, gene transfer, surface adhesion, drug resistance, and biofilm formation, and are critical virulence factors and vital determinants in mediating cell interaction with and tolerance to environmental factors. Here we first briefly introduce WTA structure, biosynthesis and its regulation, and then summarize in detail four major physiological roles played by WTAs, i.e. WTA-mediated resistance to antimicrobials, virulence to mammalian cells, interaction with bacteriolytic enzymes, and regulation of cell metabolism. We also review the applications of WTAs in these fields that are closely related to the human society, including antibacterial drug discovery targeting WTA biosynthesis, development of vaccines and antibodies regarding WTA-mediated pathogenicity, specific and sensitive detection of pathogens in food using WTAs as a surface epitope, and regulation of WTA-related pathways for efficient microbial production of useful compounds. We also point out major problems remaining in these fields, and discuss some possible directions in the future exploration of WTA physiology and applications.

scholarly journals Lipoteichoic Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitors as Potent Inhibitors of S. aureus and E. faecalis Growth and Biofilm Formation

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2277
Author(s):  
George A. Naclerio ◽  
Kenneth I. Onyedibe ◽  
Herman O. Sintim
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acids

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) have been deemed as serious threats by the CDC. Many chronic MRSA and VRE infections are due to biofilm formation. Biofilm are considered to be between 10–10,000 times more resistant to antibiotics, and therefore new chemical entities that inhibit and/or eradicate biofilm formation are needed. Teichoic acids, such as lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) and wall teichoic acids (WTAs), play pivotal roles in Gram-positive bacteria’s ability to grow, replicate, and form biofilms, making the inhibition of these teichoic acids a promising approach to fight infections by biofilm forming bacteria. Here, we describe the potent biofilm inhibition activity against MRSA and VRE biofilms by two LTA biosynthesis inhibitors HSGN-94 and HSGN-189 with MBICs as low as 0.0625 µg/mL against MRSA biofilms and 0.5 µg/mL against VRE biofilms. Additionally, both HSGN-94 and HSGN-189 were shown to potently synergize with the WTA inhibitor Tunicamycin in inhibiting MRSA and VRE biofilm formation.

Cell wall teichoic acids of Bacillus licheniformis VKM B-511T, Bacillus pumilus VKM B-508T, and other strains previously assigned to Bacillus pumilus

Microbiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Streshinskaya ◽  
A. S. Shashkov ◽  
Yu. I. Kozlova ◽  
E. M. Tul’skaya ◽  
E. B. Kudryashova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acids

New structures and composition of cell wall teichoic acids from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans, Nocardiopsis halotolerans, Nocardiopsis composta and Nocardiopsis metallicus: a chemotaxonomic value

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M. Tul’skaya ◽  
Alexander S. Shashkov ◽  
Galina M. Streshinskaya ◽  
Natalia V. Potekhina ◽  
Ludmila I. Evtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acids

Archaeal biofilms: widespread and complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Fröls
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Archaeal Species ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Mixed Communities

Biofilms or multicellular structures become accepted as the dominant microbial lifestyle in Nature, but in the past they were only studied extensively in bacteria. Investigations on archaeal monospecies cultures have shown that many archaeal species are able to adhere on biotic and abiotic surfaces and form complex biofilm structures. Biofilm-forming archaea were identified in a broad range of extreme and moderate environments. Natural biofilms observed are mostly mixed communities composed of archaeal and bacterial species of various abundances. The physiological functions of the archaea identified in such mixed communities suggest a significant impact on the biochemical cycles maintaining the flow and recycling of the nutrients on earth. Therefore it is of high interest to investigate the characteristics and mechanisms underlying the archaeal biofilm formation. In the present review, I summarize and discuss the present investigations of biofilm-forming archaeal species, i.e. their diverse biofilm architectures in monospecies or mixed communities, the identified EPSs (extracellular polymeric substances), archaeal structures mediating surface adhesion or cell–cell connections, and the response to physical and chemical stressors implying that archaeal biofilm formation is an adaptive reaction to changing environmental conditions. A first insight into the molecular differentiation of cells within archaeal biofilms is given.

PBP4 and PBP5 are involved in regulating exopolysaccharide synthesis during Escherichia coli biofilm formation

Microbiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathi Mallick ◽  
Shanti Kiran ◽  
Tapas Kumar Maiti ◽  
Anindya S. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Link Type

Escherichia coli low-molecular-mass (LMM) Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) help in hydrolysing the peptidoglycan fragments from their cell wall and recycling them back into the growing peptidoglycan matrix, in addition to their reported involvement in biofilm formation. Biofilms are external slime layers of extra-polymeric substances that sessile bacterial cells secrete to form a habitable niche for themselves. Here, we hypothesize the involvement of Escherichia coli LMM PBPs in regulating the nature of exopolysaccharides (EPS) prevailing in its extra-polymeric substances during biofilm formation. Therefore, this study includes the assessment of physiological characteristics of E. coli CS109 LMM PBP deletion mutants to address biofilm formation abilities, viability and surface adhesion. Finally, EPS from parent CS109 and its ΔPBP4 and ΔPBP5 mutants were purified and analysed for sugars present. Deletions of LMM PBP reduced biofilm formation, bacterial adhesion and their viability in biofilms. Deletions also diminished EPS production by ΔPBP4 and ΔPBP5 mutants, purification of which suggested an increased overall negative charge compared with their parent. Also, EPS analyses from both mutants revealed the appearance of an unusual sugar, xylose, that was absent in CS109. Accordingly, the reason for reduced biofilm formation in LMM PBP mutants may be speculated as the subsequent production of xylitol and a hindrance in the standard flow of the pentose phosphate pathway.

scholarly journals Lon Protease Has Multifaceted Biological Functions inAcinetobacter baumannii

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Ching ◽  
Brendan Yang ◽  
Chineme Onwubueke ◽  
David Lazinski ◽  
Andrew Camilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Lon Protease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACTAcinetobacter baumanniiis a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is known to survive harsh environmental conditions and is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Specifically, multicellular communities (known as biofilms) ofA. baumanniican withstand desiccation and survive on hospital surfaces and equipment. Biofilms are bacteria embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix composed of proteins, sugars, and/or DNA. Bacteria in a biofilm are protected from environmental stresses, including antibiotics, which provides the bacteria with selective advantage for survival. Although some gene products are known to play roles in this developmental process inA. baumannii, mechanisms and signaling remain mostly unknown. Here, we find that Lon protease inA. baumanniiaffects biofilm development and has other important physiological roles, including motility and the cell envelope. Lon proteases are found in all domains of life, participating in regulatory processes and maintaining cellular homeostasis. These data reveal the importance of Lon protease in influencing keyA. baumanniiprocesses to survive stress and to maintain viability.IMPORTANCEAcinetobacter baumanniiis an opportunistic pathogen and is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections.A. baumanniiis difficult to eradicate and to manage, because this bacterium is known to robustly survive desiccation and to quickly gain antibiotic resistance. We sought to investigate biofilm formation inA. baumannii, since much remains unknown about biofilm formation in this bacterium. Biofilms, which are multicellular communities of bacteria, are surface attached and difficult to eliminate from hospital equipment and implanted devices. Our research identifies multifaceted physiological roles for the conserved bacterial protease Lon inA. baumannii. These roles include biofilm formation, motility, and viability. This work broadly affects and expands understanding of the biology ofA. baumannii, which will permit us to find effective ways to eliminate the bacterium.

scholarly journals Wall Teichoic Acids Are Involved in the Medium-Induced Loss of Function of the Autolysin CD11 against Clostridium difficile

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wu ◽  
Elena E. Paskaleva ◽  
Krunal K. Mehta ◽  
Jonathan S. Dordick ◽  
Ravi S. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acids

scholarly journals Pseudonajide peptide derived from snake venom alters cell envelope integrity interfering on biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Schneider ◽  
Muriel Primon-Barros ◽  
Rafael Gomes Von Borowski ◽  
Sophie Chat ◽  
Sylvie Nonin-Lecomte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Envelope

scholarly journals Rifampicin inhibits the toxicity of pre-aggregated amyloid peptides by binding to peptide fibrils and preventing amyloid-cell interaction

1997 ◽  
Vol 322 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takami TOMIYAMA ◽  
Hideshi KANEKO ◽  
Ken-ichiro KATAOKA ◽  
Satoshi ASANO ◽  
Noriaki ENDO
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Human Islet ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Islet Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid Peptides ◽  
Pheochromocytoma Pc12 ◽  
Peptide Fibrils

Rifampicin and its analogues,p-benzoquinone and hydroquinone, inhibited the toxicity of preformed aggregates of human islet amyloid polypeptide, amylin, to rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, when preincubated with the aggregated peptide before addition to cell cultures. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that they prevented the adhesion of amylin aggregates to the cell surface, and this effect was induced probably by their binding to peptide fibrils during preincubation. Other quinone derivatives, i.e., p-methoxyphenol, AA-861 and idebenone, failed to inhibit the toxicity and cell-surface adhesion of amylin aggregates. Rifampicin analogues also inhibited the toxicity of pre-aggregated amyloid β1–42 peptides, suggesting a common toxic mechanism of different amyloid peptides and their therapeutic potential for several amyloidoses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document