scholarly journals Personality, Depression, Social Functioning, and Suicidal Behavior in Depressed Older Adult Inpatients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 392-392
Author(s):  
Ira Yenko ◽  
Jennifer Ho ◽  
Helene Geramian ◽  
Wing Jin Mak ◽  
Hyunyoung Ellen Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
High Risk Populations

Abstract Older adults are at higher risk for completed suicide. However, research in late-life suicide for high-risk populations remains a neglected topic, with some researchers suggesting that our knowledge of risk factors and risk conferral remains incomplete and insufficient in their predictive ability. Personality processes, in the context of interpersonal problems, have been associated with suicidal behavior, depression, and social functioning, but have rarely been evaluated in samples of older adults during periods of highest risk. This study examined factors underlying the relationship between personality processes, depression, social role functioning, and suicidal behavior in older adult inpatients. It also examined the examined the additive effect of personality processes, social adjustment, and depression on suicidal behavior. Depressed middle aged and older adult inpatients (N=52; Age M= 66.88, SD= 8.76) completed self-report measures of personality pathology (IIP-PD-25), depression (GDS-30), social functioning (SAS-SR), and recent suicidal behavior (SIB). Our research found that while interpersonal pathology was positively associated with depression (GDS-30, ß = .37, p = .006) and social functioning (SAS-SR, ß = .384, p = .003), it was not associated with suicidal behavior. The combined model of social functioning and depression displayed a trend toward significance, but neither variable was robust enough to emerge as an independent predictor of suicidal behavior. However, bivariate analyses found moderate effect sizes between depression or social functioning and suicidal behavior. Risk for suicidal behavior likely involves dynamic, complex, and interrelated relationships with clinical implications regarding assessment within this population.

The Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report: Psychometric Properties for Older Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Zweig ◽  
Elihu Turkel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Social Adjustment Scale

To assess the reliability and validity of the Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report for older adults, 129 community dwelling elderly ranging in age from 63 to 87 years ( M = 72.3 yr., SD = 5.0) were surveyed using a modified version of the scale. The average internal consistency of subscales was satisfactory (mean coefficient alpha = .62). Overall social functioning impairment (total score) was associated with measures of depression (Beck Depression Inventory, r = .58) and global psychiatric symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory, r = .55). Older adults scored higher on Marital role, Family Unit role, and overall social functioning impairment compared to mixed-age adults assessed in previous research, and higher on marital role impairment but similarly on overall social functioning when compared with a mixed-age sample from primary care. The modified Social Adjustment Scale–Self-Report has acceptable psychometric characteristics for research use with older adults, and select subscales may account for findings of age-related differences.

Talk or Walk? Gait Speed over Self-Report in Association with Cognitive Speed in Healthy Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Costello ◽  
Shane J. Sizemore ◽  
Kimberly E. O’Brien ◽  
Lydia K. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Report ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Age Range

Abstract. This study explores the relative value of both subjectively reported cognitive speed and gait speed in association with objectively derived cognitive speed. It also explores how these factors are affected by psychological and physical well-being. A group of 90 cognitively healthy older adults ( M = 73.38, SD = 8.06 years, range = 60–89 years) were tested in a three-task cognitive battery to determine objective cognitive speed as well as measures of gait speed, well-being, and subjective cognitive speed. Analyses indicated that gait speed was associated with objective cognitive speed to a greater degree than was subjective report, the latter being more closely related to well-being than to objective cognitive speed. These results were largely invariant across the 30-year age range of our older adult sample.

scholarly journals Empathic Accuracy: Worse Recognition by Older Adults and Less Transparency in Older Adult Expressions Compared With Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1658-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Ruffman ◽  
Jamin Halberstadt ◽  
Janice Murray ◽  
Fiona Jack ◽  
Tina Vater
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
Emotional States

Abstract Objectives We examined empathic accuracy, comparing young versus older perceivers, and young versus older emoters. Empathic accuracy is related to but distinct from emotion recognition because perceiver judgments of emotion are based, not on what an emoter looks to be feeling, but on what an emoter says s/he is actually feeling. Method Young (≤30 years) and older (≥60 years) adults (“emoters”) were unobtrusively videotaped while watching movie clips designed to elicit specific emotional states. The emoter videos were then presented to young and older “perceivers,” who were instructed to infer what the emoters were feeling. Results As predicted, older perceivers’ empathic accuracy was less accurate relative to young perceivers. In addition, the emotions of young emoters were considerably easier to read than those of older emoters. There was also some evidence of an own-age advantage in emotion recognition in that older adults had particular difficulty assessing emotion in young faces. Discussion These findings have important implications for real-world social adjustment, with older adults experiencing a combination of less emotional transparency and worse understanding of emotional experience.

scholarly journals EMERGING ADULT CAREGIVERS: PERCEPTIONS OF OLDER ADULT CARE RECIPIENTS, QUALITY OF CONTACT, AND AGEISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S952-S952
Author(s):  
Anastasia E Canell ◽  
Grace Caskie
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
Quality Of Contact

Abstract Approximately 12-18% of family caregivers to older adults in the U.S. are 18-25 years old (i.e., emerging adulthood), yet minimal research has focused on this subgroup of caregivers (Levine, 2005; Smyth, Blaxland, & Cass, 2011). Individuals’ perceptions of an older adult’s social role relate to their attitudes toward older adults as a group (Hummert, 1999; Kite & Wagner, 2002). However, whether perceptions that emerging adult caregivers hold of older adults are specific to the social role of “care-recipient” has not been studied. A sample of 210 informal caregivers (ages 18-25) were surveyed to collect qualitative responses regarding perceptions of an older adult care-recipient (age 65+) and to assess quality of contact with the care-recipient and ageist attitudes. Participants were asked to provide five adjectives describing their older adult care-recipient. Approximately 43% provided a set of adjectives in which 80%-100% were coded as positive adjectives (e.g., “active”, “wise”); similarly, half of the sample’s adjective sets contained 0%-25% negative adjectives (e.g., “helpless”, “obnoxious”). The quality of contact with the care-recipient was significantly correlated (p<.001) with the percentage of positive (r=.47) and negative (r=-.49) adjectives. Scores on the Fraboni Scale of Ageism were also significantly correlated (p<.01) with the percentage of positive (r=-.19) and negative (r=.20) adjectives. Overall, these emerging adult caregivers had generally positive perceptions of their older adult care-recipients, and these perceptions reflected the positive quality of contact with the care-recipient. Less ageist attitudes’ relationship with more positive and less negative perceptions may have implications for experiences within a caregiving dyad.

scholarly journals 62 Engaging Older Adults in Co-Creating a Virtual Coaching Assistant (CAPTAIN) to Support Independent Living at Home

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii1-iii16
Author(s):  
Joanne Carroll ◽  
Louise Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
System Requirements

Abstract Background As population age increases (CSO, 2016), the CAPTAIN project aims to prevent premature or unnecessary transfer to long-term residential care by offering a safe environment where older adults can retain their autonomy, dignity and independence. CAPTAIN (Coach Assistant via Projected and Tangible Interface) will develop a virtual eCoaching assistant to facilitate independence in the home using augmented reality projections, voice and speech recognition, artificial intelligence and a user interface designed by older adults with their peers in mind. Methods Using Design Thinking and participatory research principles, older adults (n=10), caregivers (n=3) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) (n=2) co-create the CAPTAIN system with the research team. Co-creation occurs in cycles. Two co-design cycles use participatory workshops to identify older adults’ needs through discussion of typical older adult ‘personas’, examine how technology can support these needs and translate these outputs into system requirements. Four co-production cycles will evaluate CAPTAIN prototypes (hardware and software) to determine the effectiveness of personalised recommendations, usability and acceptability. The evaluation (involves additional caregivers, HCPs and stakeholder groups) combines observed CAPTAIN use, system-generated data, self-report measures, participatory group workshops and one-to-one interviews. Results Participants found the personas helpful in terms of generating conversation in the co-design sessions. They confidently described older adult needs, suggested where technology could provide useful support, and features they thought CAPTAIN should offer. Requirements across seven thematic areas (health, nutrition, physical and cognitive activity, accessibility, social interaction, education and safety) have now been sent to technical developers. Data from each cycle will continue to inform the development of CAPTAIN until system completion. Conclusion Participant contributions have ensured the continued development of an accessible, easy-to-use assistive technology system that will facilitate independent living and support older adults “…to do the things they want to do, when they want to do them”.

scholarly journals THE DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP, PERSONALITY, MOOD, AND FUNCTIONING IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S161-S162
Author(s):  
Lauren S Atlas ◽  
Richard Zweig
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Doctor Patient Relationship ◽  
Combined Models ◽  
Trust In Physicians ◽  
Medical Burden

Abstract Personality pathology has been tied to mental and physical health in older adulthood. Less is known regarding the combined impact of personality and the doctor-patient relationship on mental health outcomes. This study examined relationships between personality, mood, and trust in physicians. Participants (N=170) were a sample of primary care older adults ages 60-99 (M = 70.73, SD = 7.054) who completed self-report measures of personality traits (NEO-FFI), processes (IIP-PD-25), depression (GDS-30; PHQ-9), social adjustment (SAS-SR) and trust in one’s physician (GTIP). Medical burden data (CIRS) were retrieved from medical records. After adjusting for relevant covariates such as age, perceived health, cumulative illness burden, and income security there were several significant predictive relationships. In combined models more neuroticism (NEO-N, ß = .082, p < .000) and lower trust (GTIP, ß = -.025, p = .014) but not agreeableness (NEO-A, ß = -.006) or interpersonal problems (IIP-25, ß = .254) predicted depression. In combined models, higher neuroticism (NEO-N, ß = .018, p < .000) and interpersonal problems (IIP-25, ß = .186, p = .002) but not agreeableness (NEO-A, ß = -.003) or trust (GTIP, ß = -.002) predicted social adjustment. The results are consistent with previous findings that neuroticism predicts both depression and social adjustment in older adults. In addition, lower trust augmented neuroticism to predict depression. Results suggest that apart from general personality risk factors, situational personality processes such as trust in physicians may affect mood state, whereas personality processes such as interpersonal problems contribute to longer term functional impairment.

scholarly journals The 6-Month Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSS) among Older Adults: Validity and Reliability of the PTSS Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Préville ◽  
Catherine Lamoureux-Lamarche ◽  
Helen-Maria Vasiliadis ◽  
Sébastien Grenier ◽  
Olivier Potvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome ◽  
Services De Santé ◽  
Stress Syndrome

Objective: To document the 6-month prevalence of posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSS) in the older adult population and the validity of a PTSS Scale in an epidemiologic setting. Method: Data came from the Enquête sur la santé des aînés et l'utilisation des services de santé (ESA Services Study) conducted during 2012–2013 using a probability sample of older adults seeking medical services in primary health clinics. Results: Results showed that a first-order PTSS measurement model consisting of 3 indicators—the number of lifetime traumatic events, the frequency of reactions and symptoms of distress associated with the traumatic events, and the presence of consequences on the social functioning—was plausible. Reliability of the PTSS was 0.82. According to the PTSS, 11.1% of the older adult patients presented with PTSS, but only 21.7% of them reported an impact of their symptoms on their social functioning. The prevalence of older adults meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria for full posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reached 1.8%, and 1.8% of older adults reached criteria for partial PTSD. Our results also showed that women were more at risk to report PTSS than men and that older adults aged 75 years and older were less likely to report these symptoms than those aged between 65 and 74 years. Conclusions: PTSS is a common mental health problem among adults aged 65 and older and seeking health services in the general medical sector.

The Scottish First Episode Schizophrenia Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin G. McCreadie ◽  
David H. Wiles ◽  
John W. Moore ◽  
Stewart M. Grant ◽  
George T. Crocket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Role ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
State Examination

An assessment of 31 main care-giving relatives living with schizophrenics was carried out using the General Health Questionnaire and the Social Adjustment Scale by Self Report. More than 75% of relatives had a high probability of themselves being a psychiatric case. Relatives also showed social role dysfunction and impairment especially marked in social and leisure activities. Relatives' distress was related to the level of symptoms in patients, as assessed by the Present State Examination.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to Measure Implicit Dysfunctional Beliefs about Caregiving in Dementia Family Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cabrera ◽  
María Márquez-González ◽  
Naoko Kishita ◽  
Carlos Vara-García ◽  
Andrés Losada
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
Older Adult Caregivers

AbstractCaregivers of people with dementia who endorse dysfunctional beliefs about caregiving are at high risk of experiencing higher levels of distress. These dysfunctional beliefs are presented in the form of rules, verbal statements that specify what responsibilities one should expect in order to be a “good caregiver,” and are characterized as rigid, unrealistic, or highly demanding. Previous studies relied exclusively on self-report measures when assessing such dysfunctional beliefs about caregiving. The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop and validate an Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to measure implicit dysfunctional beliefs about caregiving (CARE-IRAP), and 2) considering the relatively high age of the sample, to analyze the adaptation of the IRAP for older adults, comparing the IRAP performance between older adult caregivers and middle-aged caregivers. Participants were 123 dementia family caregivers with a mean age of 62.24 ± 12.89. Adaptations were made to the IRAP by adjusting the accuracy and response time criteria. The sample was split into middle-aged caregivers (below 60 years) and older adult caregivers (60 or older). The CARE-IRAP scores presented significant positive correlations with explicit measures of dysfunctional beliefs about caregiving and experiential avoidance in caregiving. A similar pattern of results was observed across the two age groups. The results revealed that caregivers endorse implicit dysfunctional beliefs about caregiving and offer preliminary support for the use of the IRAP as a valid measure of implicit caregiving beliefs. This exploratory study is the first to adapt the IRAP criteria to older adults, and future studies should further explore criteria suitable for this population.

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