Metrics of Phenotypic Aging From the Energetics Perspective

Abstract Identifying the most critical metrics of aging is an ongoing challenge due to a lack of comprehensive measurements and heterogeneity of the aging process. Using the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we developed a conceptual framework to identify metrics of aging that capture the hierarchical and temporal relationships between functional aging, phenotypic aging, and biological aging based on four hypothesized domains: energy regulation, body composition, homeostatic mechanisms, and neurodegeneration. Focusing on the energetics domain, we examined trajectories of eight phenotypes using more than 10 years of longitudinal data. The standardized Cronbach’s alpha for these variables was 0.80, providing construct validity of our concept. We further implemented item response theory to integrate these phenotypes into a summarized energy score. Linear mixed models were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the summarized energy score and physical functioning as measured by gait speed and time to walk 400m as quickly as possible (number of participants ~ 811, number of observations ~ 1700). After adjusting for age, sex, weight, and height, a higher summarized energy score was independently associated with faster baseline gait speed (0.13 m/s, p<0.001 ) and faster 400m time (-35.3 seconds, p<0.001), and longitudinally associated with slower gait speed decline (0.08 m/s/decade, p<0.001) and slower 400m time increase (-37.8 secs/decade, p<0.001). This work demonstrates the utility of our energetics domain-based summarized score. Moving forward, it will be important to clarify relationships between this summarized score and other functional metrics and assess its generalizability to the other cohorts.

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Association between Physical Frailty Subdomains and Oral Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18062931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 2931

Author(s):

Ryo Komatsu ◽

Koutatsu Nagai ◽

Yoko Hasegawa ◽

Kazuki Okuda ◽

Yuto Okinaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Physical Frailty ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

Oral Frailty

This cross-sectional study aimed to demonstrate the association between physical frailty subdomains and oral frailty. This study involved community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years). Physical frailty was assessed with the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Oral frailty was defined as limitations in at least three of six domains. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between physical frailty risk and oral frailty. In addition, we examined the association between physical frailty subdomains (gait speed, grip strength, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weight loss) and oral frailty. A total of 380 participants were recruited for this study. Overall, 18% and 14% of the participants were at risk of physical frailty and had oral frailty, respectively. Physical frailty risk (odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–4.75, p = 0.012) was associated with oral frailty in multivariate analysis. In secondary analysis, among physical frailty subdomains, gait speed (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.97, p = 0.019) was associated with oral frailty. The present findings suggest that physical frailty is closely related to oral frailty. Among physical frailty subdomains, decreased gait speed in particular is an important indicator related to the development of oral frailty.

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Factors associated with lower gait speed among the elderly living in a developing country: a cross-sectional population-based study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-015-0031-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Telma de Almeida Busch ◽

Yeda Aparecida Duarte ◽

Daniella Pires Nunes ◽

Maria Lucia Lebrão ◽

Michel Satya Naslavsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developing Country ◽

Gait Speed ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Elderly Living

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Translating Research into Practice in Low-Resource Countries: Progress in Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission of HIV in Nigeria

Nursing Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2013/848567 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Y. Ogbolu ◽

E. N. Iwu ◽

S. Zhu ◽

J. V. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Mixed Models ◽

Infant Feeding Practices ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Facilities ◽

Care Practices ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

And Training ◽

Research And Policy

Background.Research related to prevention of maternal to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is dynamic and rapidly changing and has provided evidence-based interventions and policies for practitioners. However, it is uncertain that research and policy guidelines are adequately being disseminated and implemented in resource-constrained countries with the largest burden PMTCT. This study examined current PMTCT practices in 27 public health facilities in Nigeria.Methods.A cross-sectional survey of 231 practicing nurses was conducted. Current PMTCT care practices were evaluated and compared to WHO and national PMTCT policy guidelines. Linear mixed models evaluated the association between PMTCT care practices and training in PMTCT.Results.Most nurses (80%) applied practices involving newborn prophylaxis; yet significant gaps in maternal intrapartum treatment and infant feeding practices were identified. PMTCT training explained 25% of the variance in the application of PMTCT care practices.Conclusion.Key PMTCT practices are not being adequately translated from research into practice. Researchers, policymakers, and clinicians could apply the study findings to address significant knowledge translation gaps in PMTCT. Strategies derived from an implementation science perspective are suggested as a means to improve the translation of PMTCT research into practice in Sub-Saharan African medical facilities.

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Pain Catastrophizing Is Independently Associated with Quality of Life in Patients with Severe Hip Osteoarthritis

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pny265 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 2220-2227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kazuhiro Hayashi ◽

Takkan Morishima ◽

Tatsunori Ikemoto ◽

Hirofumi Miyagawa ◽

Takuya Okamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Hip Osteoarthritis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Japanese Orthopedic Association ◽

Affected Side ◽

Tertiary Center

AbstractObjective. Pain catastrophizing is an important pain-related variable, but its impact on patients with osteoarthritis is uncertain. The aim of the current study was to determine whether pain catastrophizing was independently associated with quality of life (QOL) in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. Design. Cross-sectional study conducted between June 2017 and February 2018. Setting. Tertiary center. Subjects. Seventy consecutively enrolled patients with severe hip osteoarthritis who had experienced pain for six or more months that limited daily function, and who were scheduled for primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty. Methods. QOL was measured using the EuroQOL-5 Dimensions questionnaire, the Japanese Orthopedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire, and a dissatisfaction visual analog scale. Covariates included pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, range of hip motion, and gait speed. The variables were subjected to multivariate analysis with each QOL scale. Results. The median age was 68 years, and the median Pain Catastrophizing Scale score was 26. In multiple regression analysis, pain catastrophizing, pain intensity in both hips, pain intensity on the affected side, hip flexion on the affected side, and gait speed were independently correlated with QOL. Conclusions. Pain catastrophizing was independently associated with each QOL scale in preoperative patients with severe hip osteoarthritis. Pain catastrophizing had either the strongest or second strongest effect on QOL, followed by pain intensity.

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Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and the Relationship With Strength and Physical Performance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.583825 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah A. Purcell ◽

Michelle Mackenzie ◽

Thiago G. Barbosa-Silva ◽

Isabelle J. Dionne ◽

Sunita Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Sarcopenic Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

The Relationship ◽

Negative Health Outcomes

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the prevalence of this condition – and the relationship to physical performance parameters – varies across definitions. The aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity using different published definitions and their relationship with handgrip strength and walking speed in older Canadian adults. Individuals aged 65+ in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 11,803; 49.6% male, 50.4% female) were included. Body composition was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenic obesity was defined using 29 definitions. Low handgrip strength was identified as < 27 kg in males and < 16 kg in females and poor physical performance was defined as gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 0.1 to 85.3% in males, and from 0 to 80.4% in females. Sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength (p < 0.05) in both males (14/17 definitions, 82.4%) and females (21/29 definitions, 72.4%). In very few definitions, sarcopenic obesity was associated with slow gait speed (males: 1/17 definitions [6.7%]; females: 2/29 [6.9%]). In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity varied greatly according to definitions and sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength.

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Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of muscle weakness and slow gait speed: A cross-sectional analysis from the NHANES (2001-2002 and 2011-2014)

Journal of Aging Research and Lifestyle ◽

10.14283/jarlife.2021.4 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

J.J. Aziz ◽

K.F. Reid ◽

J.A. Batsis ◽

R.A. Fielding

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Older Adults ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Weakness ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Gait Speed ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Comorbidity Burden ◽

Urban Rural

Background: Older adults living in rural areas suffer from health inequities compared to their urban counterparts. These include comorbidity burden, poor diet, and physical inactivity, which are also risk factors for sarcopenia, for which muscle weakness and slow gait speed are domains. To date, no study has examined urban-rural differences in the prevalence of muscle weakness and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States. Objective: To compare the prevalence of grip strength weakness and slow gait speed between urban and rural older adults living in the United States. Design: A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of two cohorts from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using gait speed or grip strength data, and urban-rural residency, dietary, examination, questionnaire and demographic data. Participants: 2,923 adults (≥ 60 yrs.). Measures: Grip weakness was defined as either, an absolute grip strength of <35 kg. and <20 kg. or grip strength divided by body mass index (GripBMI) of <1.05 and <0.79 for men and women, respectively. Slow gait speed was defined as a usual gait speed of ≤0.8m/s. Results: The prevalence of GripBMI weakness was significantly higher in urban compared to rural participants (27.4% vs. 19.2%; p=0.001), whereas their absolute grip strength was lower (31.75(±0.45) vs. 33.73(±0.48)). No urban-rural differences in gait speed were observed. Conclusions: Older adults residing in urban regions of the United States were weaker compared to their rural counterparts. This report is the first to describe urban-rural differences in handgrip strength and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States.

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Accelerometric Gait Analysis Devices in Children—Will They Accept Them? Results From the AVAPed Study

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2020.574443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Isabella Wiedmann ◽

Marcello Grassi ◽

Ibrahim Duran ◽

Ricardo Lavrador ◽

Evelyn Alberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gait Analysis ◽

Real World ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Daily Living ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Significant Difference

Aims: To assess children's acceptance to wear a 3D-accelerometer which is attached to the waist under real-world conditions, and also to compare gait speed during supervised testing with the non-supervised gait speed in every-day life.Methods: In a controlled observational, cross sectional study thirty subjects with cerebral palsy (CP), with level I&II of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and 30 healthy control children (Ctrl), aged 3–12 years, were asked to perform a 1-min-walking test (1 mwt) under laboratory conditions, and to wear an accelerometric device for a 1-week wearing home measurement (1 WHM). Acceptance was measured via wearing time, and by a questionnaire in which subjects rated restrictions in their daily living and wearing comfort. In addition, validity of 3D-accelerometric gait speed was checked through gold standard assessment of gait speed with a mobile perambulator.Results: Wearing time amounted to 10.3 (SD 3.4) hours per day, which was comparable between groups (T = 1.10, P = 0.3). Mode for wearing comfort [CP 1, Range (1,4), Ctrl 1, Range (1,6)] and restriction of daily living [CP 1, Range (1,3), Ctrl 1, Range (1,4)] was comparable between groups. Under laboratory conditions, Ctrl walked faster in the 1 mwt than CP (Ctrl 1.72 ± 0.29 m/s, CP 1.48 ± 0.41 m/s, P = 0.018). Similarly, a statistically significant difference was found when comparing real-world walking speed and laboratory walking speed (CP: 1 mwt 1.48 ± 0.41 m/s, 1 WHM 0.89 ± 0.09 m/s, P = 0.012; Ctrl: 1mwt 1.72 ± 0.29, 1 WHM 0.97 ± 0.06, P < 0.001).Conclusion: 3D-accelerometry is well-enough accepted in a pediatric population of patients with CP and a Ctrl group to allow valid assessments. Assessment outside the laboratory environment yields information about real world activity that was not captured by routine clinical tests. This suggests that assessment of habitual activities by wearable devices reflects the functioning of children in their home environment. This novel information constitutes an important goal for rehabilitation medicine. The study is registered at the German Register of Clinical Trials with the title “Acceptance and Validity of 3D Accelerometric Gait Analysis in Pediatric Patients” (AVAPed; DRKS00011919).

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The role of emotions on policy support and environmental advocacy

10.31234/osf.io/45pge ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Benedict Hignell ◽

Zaid Saleemi ◽

Elia Valentini

Keyword(s):

Mixed Models ◽

Environmental Policies ◽

Policy Support ◽

Active Engagement ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Environmental Advocacy ◽

Climate Crisis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Online Web

Research indicated that emotions experienced in relation to the climate crisis are important predictors of environmental attitudes and behaviours. However, the affective milieu is changing rapidly over the years along with the change in societal appraisal. Thus, more research is required to identify the relevant emotional drives and their contextual impact on governance scenarios.Here we presented respondents with three sets of proposed United Kingdom policies which differ by their extent of reformative aspiration. In a cross-sectional online web survey, respondents (n=260) rated their support (or opposition) for the Conservative Government’s manifesto, the Climate and Ecology Bill (CEE Bill) and the Green New Deal.We asked if distinct emotions linked to the emergency predict the type of policy support, if policy support mediates the relationship between emotions and active engagement (i.e., number of advocacy actions), and if the degree of engagement predicts the type of policy support.Using a combination of linear mixed models and mediation analysis, we found that respondents who reported higher levels of anxiety and worry were generally more prone to support environmental policies. Only respondents who reported the greatest intensity of disappointment were more likely to support the CEE bill. The support expressed for the CEE policies mediated the relationship between active engagement and both worry and disappointment, respectively. Finally, greater active engagement accounted for greater CEE bill support.Our findings dovetail with previous literature and provide new insights into the analysis of the complex relationship between emotions, policy support, and environmental advocacy.

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Associations of Social Network Characteristics With Gait Speed in Older Women From Physical Activity Community Groups

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2020-0054 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Carlos M. Arango-Paternina ◽

Jhon F. Ramírez-Villada ◽

Annie A. Tibaduiza-Romero ◽

Leonardo Rodríguez-Perdomo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Network ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adult Women ◽

Community Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Speed Test ◽

The Social

The identification of social network factors associated with gait speed may offer different perspectives for improving community and clinical interventions for older adults. The objective of this study was to explore the associations of the social network of friends with gait speed. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 128 older adult women recruited in community groups of physical activity. Clinical screening, social network questions, body composition evaluation, and gait speed test were applied to the participants. Logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between characteristics of the social network of friends and high gait speed. Findings indicated that social isolation was not associated with high gait speed and that popularity and proportion of friends with high gait speed were significantly associated with high gait speed. Findings suggested that there was a relationship between social network factors and the ability to perform high gait speed.

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MO616GAIT SPEED AND BODY COMPOSITION IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab091.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Cancho Castellano ◽

Cristina López Arnaldo ◽

Jorge Alberto Rodriguez Sabillon ◽

Rafael Aragón Lara ◽

Álvaro Álvarez López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Linear Relationship ◽

Phase Angle ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Venous Catheter ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physiological Capacity ◽

Day Of The Week

Abstract Background and Aims Gait speed is a predictor of disability, mobility limitation and mortality. Buchner et al. the first to observe a non-linear relationship between leg strength and normal gait speed. This relationship was explained as small changes in physiological capacity. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between gait speed and body composition in haemodialysis. Method Cross-sectional study in 40 subjects with CKD in hospital haemodialysis, 70.5±13.03 years, 62.5% male. 40% Diabetic Nephropathy, 10% Glomerulopathies, 7.5% Nephroangiosclerosis, 2.5% Chronic Tubule-Interstitial Nephropathies, 32.5% Unknown, 2.5% Others. 35% arteriovenous fistula, 10% arteriovenous graft, 55% central venous catheter. Haemodialysis type: 40% High Flux, 45% Online postdilutional Haemodiafiltration, 10% Acetate Free Biofiltration. Gait seed was measured on the middle day of the week, predialysis. Body composition was estimated by monofrecuency bioimpedance measurement (50 KHz) on the middle day of the week, posthemodiálisis. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0. Results Average gait speed 0.6±0.38 m/s, median 0.65 (IQR 0.18) m/s, range (0, 1.23) m/s. The prevalence of a gait speed less than or equal to 0.8 m/s was 67.5%, while 32.5% of the patients presented a gait speed less than or equal to 0.8 m/s. Gait speed was lower among diabetics (0.77±0.3 vs 0.46±0.39, p=0.0074). A positive and significant correlation was observed between gait speed and phase angle. No correlation was observed between gait speed and body fat. A positive linear relationship or dependence was observed between gait speed and muscle mass and cell mass. In relation to body water, a negative linear relationship is observed with the EW/IW ratio. Table 1. Conclusion There is a dependent relationship between gait speed and diabetes in haemodialysis patients. The decrease of the phase angle, the increase of the ratio EW/IW changes with the decrease the cell mass index are inversely related to the gait speed in haemodialysis patients. These items and the gait speed, which provide information on the state of vulnerability of the patient, could be markers of frailty.

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