scholarly journals Antidepressant Use and Risk of Suicidal Behavior in Older Persons With Depression: A Cohort Study in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 441-441
Author(s):  
Yi Chai ◽  
Hao Luo ◽  
Kenneth K C Man ◽  
Wallis C Y Lau ◽  
Ian C K Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Abstract Background Depression is highly prevalent in older adults and requires treatment. However, debate persists on whether antidepressant use is associated with an elevated risk of suicidal behavior. This study aims to examine the short- and long-term risk of suicidal behavior by various classes of antidepressants in older persons with depression. Methods Persons aged 40 years and above and received a clinical diagnosis of depression between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2016 were identified from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System in Hong Kong. The risk of suicidal behavior in persons who were prescribed antidepressants was compared with persons who were not prescribed any antidepressant drugs. Antidepressants were classified as tricyclic and related antidepressant drugs (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs), serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and others. Incidence and adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of subsequent self-harm and suicide within one-year and the whole study period were estimated by age groups. Results A total of 34,927 persons aged 40-64 years, and 19,300 persons aged 65+ years were included. In the younger age group, the highest short-term and long-term risks were found in others (aHR, 2.33; 1.02-5.34) and NaSSAs (2.88; 2.15-3.86), respectively. In the older age group, no significant association was observed between antidepressant use and suicidal behavior across all antidepressant classes. Conclusion The self-harm and suicide associated risks vary across antidepressant classes and age groups. Cautions are always needed for antidepressant prescriptions.

Comparative risk of self-harm hospitalization amongst depressive disorder patients using different antidepressants: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-S. Wu ◽  
S.-C. Liao ◽  
Y.-T. Tsai ◽  
S.-S. Chang ◽  
H.-J. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Antidepressant Use

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the comparative risk of self-harm associated with the use of different antidepressants.MethodA cohort study was conducted using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2001 to 2012. A total of 751 606 new antidepressant users with depressive disorders were included. The study outcome was hospitalization due to self-harm (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes: E950–E958 and E980–E988). Cox proportional hazards models with stratification of the propensity score deciles were used to estimate the hazard ratios of self-harm hospitalization during the first year following the initiation of antidepressant treatment.ResultsThere were 1038 hospitalization episodes due to self-harm that occurred during the follow-up of 149 796 person-years, with an overall incidence rate of 6.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.5–7.4] per 1000. Compared with fluoxetine, the risk of self-harm hospitalization was higher for maprotiline [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.00, 95% CI 1.40–6.45], milnacipran (aHR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.24–4.43) and mirtazapine (aHR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.06–1.86), lower for bupropion (aHR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.30–0.86), and similar level of risk was found for other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (citalopram, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline).ConclusionsThe risk of self-harm may vary across different antidepressant drugs. It would be of importance to conduct further research to investigate the influence of antidepressant use on self-harm behaviors.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Technical Throwing Skills on Nomination Status in Youth and Long-Term Career Attainment in Handball

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Koopmann ◽  
Franziska Lath ◽  
Dirk Büsch ◽  
Jörg Schorer
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Career Attainment ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract Background Research on talent in sports aims to identify predictors of future performance. This study retrospectively investigated 1) relationships between young handball field players’ technical throwing skills and (a) their potential nomination to youth national teams and (b) their long-term career attainment 10 years later, and 2) associations between nomination status and career attainment. Results Results from retrospectively predicting nomination status and career attainment using logistic regression analyses show that technical throwing skills were partly able to explain players’ nomination status (Nagelkerke R2: females 9.2%, males 13.1%) and career attainment (Nagelkerke R2: 9.8% for female players). Here, variables throwing velocity and time on exercise showed statistically significant effects. In addition, nomination status and career attainment were shown to be associated using chi-square tests (w of .37 and .23 for female and male players, respectively) and nomination status as a predictor increased the prediction of career attainment remarkably (Nagelkerke R2: females 20.3%, males 12.7%). Conclusions Given these results, basic technical throwing skills may serve rather as a prerequisite in this age group on national level, emphasizing its importance already on lower levels and in younger age groups. Furthermore, advantages from entering the national TID system early especially for females are discussed.

scholarly journals A milk-borne outbreak of Campylobacter infection

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Porter ◽  
Thomas M. S. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Group Recovery ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
Culture Positive

SUMMARYCampylobacter jejuni was isolated from the stools of 148 patients with symptoms and 57 symptomless subjects, and from a milk sock filter, following an outbreak of enteritis associated with consumption of unpasteurized milk. The incubation period rantged from 2–11 days with a peak at 5 days. There were no secondary cases. The attack rate was around 50% Cases occured in all age groups but were maximal in the 1–10 age group. Recovery from symptoms was complete in the majority in less than 1 week. No long term excretors were indentified. There were no differences between culture positive individuals, with or without symptoms, in age or sex distribution or duration of excretion.

Perceived Exertion in Isometric Muscular Contractions Related to Age, Muscle, Force Level and Duration

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Deeb ◽  
Colin G. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Different Levels

This research was concerned with studying the development and growth of perceived effort of long-term isometric contractions as a function of muscle group (biceps vs quadriceps), of subjects with different age groups (20–29 vs. 50–59 years old) on long-term muscular isometric contractions (5 minutes) at different levels of %MVC (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 %MVC). An experiment testing 20 subjects each performing 10 conditions (two muscle groups × five levels of %MVC) showed that the older age group reported Significantly higher perceived exertion at higher levels of %MVC and across time. Furthermore, subjects experienced a higher and faster increase in their perceived exertion when the level of %MVC and time increased.

scholarly journals Trends in self-poisoning and psychotropic drug use in people aged 5–19 years: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Australia

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e026001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Cairns ◽  
Emily A Karanges ◽  
Anselm Wong ◽  
Jared A Brown ◽  
Jeff Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychotropic Medicine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

ObjectivesTo characterise trends in self-poisoning and psychotropic medicine use in young Australians.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.SettingCalls taken by the New South Wales and Victorian Poisons Information Centres (2006–2016, accounting for 70% of Australian poisoning calls); medicine dispensings in the 10% sample of Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data (July 2012 to June 2016).ParticipantsPeople aged 5–19 years.Main outcome measuresYearly trends in intentional poisoning exposure calls, substances taken in intentional poisonings, a prevalence of psychotropic use (dispensing of antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and medicines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)).ResultsThere were 33 501 intentional poisonings in people aged 5–19 years, with an increase of 8.39% per year (95% CI 6.08% to 10.74%, p<0.0001), with a 98% increase overall, 2006–2016. This effect was driven by increased poisonings in those born after 1997, suggesting a birth cohort effect. Females outnumbered males 3:1. Substances most commonly taken in self-poisonings were paracetamol, ibuprofen, fluoxetine, ethanol, quetiapine, paracetamol/opioid combinations, sertraline and escitalopram. Psychotropic dispensing also increased, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increasing 40% and 35% July 2012 to June 2016 in those aged 5–14 and 15–19, respectively. Fluoxetine was the most dispensed SSRI. Antipsychotics increased by 13% and 10%, while ADHD medication dispensing increased by 16% and 10%, in those aged 5–14 and 15–19, respectively. Conversely, dispensing of benzodiazepines to these age groups decreased by 4% and 5%, respectively.ConclusionsOur results signal a generation that is increasingly engaging in self-harm and is increasingly prescribed psychotropic medications. These findings indicate growing mental distress in this cohort. Since people who self-harm are at increased risk of suicide later in life, these results may foretell future increases in suicide rates in Australia.

Prevention Starts With Awareness: Adoptive Adolescents at High Risk for Suicidal Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Morgan
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Grief And Loss ◽  
Education Assessment ◽  
Biological Children ◽  
Self Harm

Adolescents are at higher risk for suicide attempts than other age groups. Suicide is now the second leading cause of death in the United States for ages 12 to 18; moreover, the risk of suicide is significantly higher for adoptive teens. In fact, adoptive teenagers have a four times higher rate of suicide attempts than biological children, perhaps due to the underlying nature of adoption, which can involve a pervasive sense of grief and loss for the adoptee. Unresolved anger and sadness from feelings of abandonment—especially when transitioning to adolescence—can cause a seemingly functional child to dissociate through self-harm and eventually demonstrate suicidal behavior. Little evidence-based research exists on the risk factors for adoptive teens who resort to suicidal behavior. Thus, it is vitally important for school nurses to understand the emotional stressors that adolescent adoptees face throughout life to help identify teens at risk for suicide. School districts and registered nurses are well positioned to address this critical health issue through education, assessment, and intervention.

Analysis of the Relative Age Effect in Elite Youth Judo Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Birth Month ◽  
Judo Athletes

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate relative age effects (RAEs) in elite youth judo athletes from different chronological age groups, between sexes, and across weight categories. Data from 1542 place winners of the cadet (under 17 y, 2009-2013) and junior judo world championships (under 20/21 y, 1990-2013) were separated by birth month into quarters (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4). The observed values were compared with expected annual age distributions using χ2 analyses, and odd ratios (OR) were used to evaluate effect sizes between quarters. The observed frequency of place winners was significantly different from the expected frequency for the age-group and sex comparisons and all body-mass groups (P < .05) with the exception of the extra-light categories (P = .572). When comparing Q1 with Q4 (OR, 95% confidence interval), small effect sizes were observed for cadets (1.72, 1.12-2.66), juniors (1.54, 1.23-1.94), males (1.75, 1.32-2.33), females (1.39, 1.03-1.87), and the light- (1.79, 1.21-2.64) and middle-weight (1.80, 1.20-2.70) categories. RAEs are apparent in cadet and junior judo athletes. Thus, coaches and administrators should consider the potential for physical and/or competitive advantages while adopting strategies that encourage long-term participation in youth judo athletes.

scholarly journals Changes in antidepressant use in Australia: A nationwide analysis prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2015-2021)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana de Oliveira Costa ◽  
Malcolm B. Gilles ◽  
Andrea L Schaffer ◽  
David Peiris ◽  
Helga Zoega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Background: Depression and anxiety affect 4% to 14% of Australians every year; symptoms may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined recent patterns of antidepressant use in Australia in the period 2015 to 2021, which includes the first year of the pandemic. Methods: We used national dispensing claims for people aged ≥10 years to investigate annual trends in prevalent and new antidepressant use (no antidepressants dispensed in the year prior). We conducted stratified analyses by sex, age group and antidepressant class. We report outcomes from 2015 to 2019 and used time series analysis to quantify changes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to February 2021). Results: In 2019 the annual prevalence of antidepressant use was 170.4 per 1,000 women and 101.8 per 1,000 men, an increase of 7.0% and 9.2% from 2015, respectively. New antidepressant use also increased for both sexes (3.0% for women and 4.9% for men) and across most age groups, particularly among adolescents (aged 10-17 years; 46%-57%). During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed higher than expected prevalent use (+2.2%, 95%CI 0.3%, 4.2%) among females, corresponding to a predicted excess of 45,217 (95%CI 5,819, 84,614) females dispensed antidepressants. The largest increases during the first year of the pandemic occurred among female adolescents for both prevalent (+11.7%, 95%CI 4.1%, 20.5%) and new antidepressant use (+15.6%, 95%CI 8.5%, 23.7%). Conclusion: Antidepressant use continues to increase in Australia overall and especially among young people. We found a differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in treated depression and anxiety, greater among females than males, and greater among young females than other age groups, suggesting an increased mental health burden in populations already on a trajectory of increased use of antidepressants prior to the pandemic. Reasons for these differences require further investigation.

scholarly journals Change and stability: Within-person life satisfaction over a 20-year period using data from the HUNT survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482095743
Author(s):  
Frode Lysberg ◽  
Tomas Bjerregaard Bertelsen ◽  
Cathrine Lysberg ◽  
Magnhild Høie ◽  
Geir Arild Espnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Two Age Groups

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate within-person life satisfaction (LS) dynamics for two age groups, 20–29 and 30–39 years, from 1984 to 1986 and to follow them over a 20-year period. Methods: Data from 1984 to 2008 were extracted from the large, prospective, longitudinal North-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway. This paper includes data from more than 14,500 persons. Data were analysed using logistic regression, and LS dynamics were modelled using gender, time and self-rated health. Results: The analyses revealed that about 20% of people in these age groups had a stable level in LS, also known as set point. Long-term LS change, defined as ⩾2 SDs, was reported for 9% and 6% of people in the youngest and oldest age groups, respectively. A large proportion of more than 70% of people had fluctuations in their LS over a 20-year period. A significant decrease in within-person LS was seen for the age groups from 1984–86 to 1995–97 where a significant increase appeared from 1995–97 to 2006–08. For the initial 20–29 age group, the odds of having a higher score increased by 34%, and for the initial 30–39 age group, the within-person LS increase was 81%. Self-rated health was the most crucial variable influencing within-person LS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a significant proportion of the responders had a long-term within-person LS change over the 20-year period.

scholarly journals Self-Harm and Suicidal Behaviors in Hong Kong Adolescents: Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. L. Shek ◽  
Lu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychosocial Correlates ◽  
Hong Kong Adolescents ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Suicidal Plans ◽  
Practical Implications

The present paper examined the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of adolescent deliberate self-harm (DSH) and suicidal behavior in a representative sample of 3,328 secondary school students in Hong Kong. With reference to the previous year, 32.7% of the students reported at least one form of DSH, 13.7% of the respondents had suicide thoughts, 4.9% devised specific suicidal plans, and 4.7% had actually attempted suicide. Adolescent girls had significantly higher rates of DSH and suicidal behavior than did adolescent boys. Having remarried parents was related to an increased likelihood of DSH and suicide. While high levels of family functioning, overall positive youth development, and academic and school performance predicted low rates of DSH and suicidal behavior, cognitive and behavioral competencies were unexpectedly found to be positively associated with DSH and suicidal behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

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