scholarly journals What Is Paradoxical Lucidity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Jason Karlawish
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
The Other ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ethical Significance

Abstract In this presentation, I provide a conceptual background from which the other symposium speakers can describe detailed methods for investigating paradoxical lucidity (PL) in dementia. First, I outline the clinical and ethical significance of studying PL. Second, I describes how PL is understudied and so difficult to measure. A working definition of PL has been formulated from case reports, but aspects of this definition remain vague. I argue that this vagueness challenges the measurement of PL and the generalizability of study results. I conclude by proposing ways to address these problems.

What Social Identities Can Tell Us about Violence in Social Movements, and Vice Versa

Contention ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consequences Of Violence ◽  
Blind Spots

AK Thompson’s “Ten Theses” is a timely and compelling piece. It challenges collective action scholars to address the nature, bases, and consequences of violence and physical force in a manner that does not position these as anomalous or outside the bounds of “normal” or “normative” action (a tendency that sees violence and physical force more regularly addressed on the other side of soft academic borders, such as that separating social movement and protest scholars from scholars of “terrorism”). I want to address this challenge here by reflecting on what my “home” discipline of social psychology can offer in terms of insights, and (more importantly) what blind spots and limitations remain. For convenience, I adopt a rather conventional and narrow working definition of “violence” as involving physical force, rather than a broader (but equally valid) definition that encompasses any act (including speech) that can cause hurt or harm.

Judaism's Eternal Triangle

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-323
Author(s):  
Raphael Loewe
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Law Of Return

Twenty years ago I attempted to clarify thinking about Judaism in proposing a more refined terminology which, if properly used, would eliminate the all too frequent fallacies of equivocation by which discussion is bedevilled (‘Defining Judaism:Some Ground-Clearing’, Jewish Journal of Sociology, VII, 2, 1965, pp. 153–75). It is not my purpose here simply to exhume that article: on the other hand, I do not feel that I can usefully begin again ab initio, since the situation has not been radically transformed as it had been in the thirty years preceding 1965. The two decades since and including the Six Days War have witnessed much entrenchment of position, intensification of doctrinaire assertion, and heightening of enthusiasm, but little inclination (until the Lebanon War began to stimulate it in Israel) towards questioning what have become popularly accepted axioms:and it is still the case that anyone who dares to question the assumption that Israeli national sovereignty now is, and for all time will remain, a sine qua non for the survival of Judaism will not get much of a hearing. What I intend here is to reconsider my earlier findings from the angles of belief, authority, and peoplehood, particularly since I feel that the last-mentioned had perhaps been allowed inadequate weight in my previous endeavour. I consequently repeat here, for convenience of reference, the terminological distinctions proposed in that article, together with the tentative working definition of Judaism with which it concluded. I doubt its usefulness, save from a negative standpoint, i.e. what it excludes. But if we are to consider peoplehood, we need to know who, and what, is a Jew: and the only uniquely valid definition of a Jew that satisfies me is a transmitter of Judaism. The question seems to me otherwise meaningless without some terms of reference, e.g. who is a Jew for purposes of joining synagogue X, or speaking for Anglo-Jewry or world Jewry at forum Y, or qualifying for Israeli citizenship under the law of return, etc. Here, then, is my tentative formula:

scholarly journals Durkheimov teorijsko-metodologijski pristup religiji

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Oštarić
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Moral Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Religion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Main Ideas

In this paper the author tries to examine the main ideas of Emile Durkeim's sociology of religion. Special attention is paid to the problem of the initial definition of religion, as one of the paramount presumption within the sociological survey of the religious phenomenon. In this regard, the paper is divided into three sections: in the first part, the author deals with Durkheim's theoretical and methodological frame within which he will start to define the elemental forms of religion: in the second part, it take into consideration the so-called 'working definition of religion'; and finally, in die third part, it analyses the formal and the substantive elements of the final definition of religion. The final definiton comprises two related elements, one substantive, the other functional. The substantive element asserted that religion involved a perception of the world in terms of the distinction between the sacred and the profane. The second element asserted that religion functioned to create moral community in society.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ РАКУРСИ ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ТА АНАЛІЗУ ПОНЯТТЯ "РЕЛІГІЙНА ДИСКУРСИВНА ОСОБИСТІСТЬ"

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Наталія Савелюк
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Individual ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Religious Image

У статті обґрунтовується поняття "релігійної дискурсивної особистості" через послідовний теоретичний аналіз трьох основних його семантичних складників – "релігійності", "особистості", "дискурсу" та виокремлення їх психологічних аспектів. Зокрема, пропонується робоче визначення дискурсу із зазначеними аспектами: з одного боку, когнітивно-мовленнєвої активності у конкретній соціально-комунікативній ситуації, що передбачає рецепцію, передавання та/або творення (співтворення) певних текстів у певному їх контексті; з іншого боку – процесу і результату мотиваційно-смислового вибору (сукупності таких виборів) кожного його суб’єкта у поточній життєвій ситуації. На основі проведеного теоретичного аналізу й узагальнення його результатів релігійна дискурсивна особистість розглядається як людина, котра вірить у Бога або, щонайменше, внутрішньо приймає ідею Його буття і відповідним чином розуміє (як реципієнт) та/або конструює (як автор) релігійні дискурси, а вже через них – і саму себе, весь навколишній світ чи окремі його складники. Обґрунтовується, що релігійна дискурсивна особистість – це не просто носій колективного релігійного досвіду, зокрема в етно-національних його форматах (як мовна особистість), а активний індивідуальний співАвтор, що динамічно відтворює, конструює і презентує власну мовно-релігійну картину світу. In the article the concept of a "religious discursive personality" through consistent theoretical analysis of its three main semantic components ("religiosity", "personality", "discourse") is substantiated and their psychological aspects are singled out. In particular, the author proposes a working definition of discourse through distinguishing the following aspects: on one hand, a cognitive-verbal activity in a particular social and communicative situation, involving the reception, transferring and / or creation (co-creation) of certain texts in their particular context; and on the other hand, the process and result of motivational-semantic choice (the set of such choices) of each individual in the current life situation. On the basis of the theoretical analysis and the generalization of its results a religious discursive personality is considered to be a person who believes in God, or at least inwardly accepts the idea of his entity and properly comprehends (as a recipient) and / or constructs (as an author) various religious discourses, and through them a person comprehends himself/herself, the surrounding world or some of its components. It is substantiated that a religious discursive personality is not just the one that has a collective religious experience, in particular in its ethno-national spheres (as a linguistic personality does), but it is treated as an active individual co-author, that dynamically recreates, constructs and represents his/her own linguistic and religious image of the world.

scholarly journals Socio-rhetorical interpretation: Theoretical points of departure

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Van Eck
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Narrative Criticism ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

In the past two decades, narrative criticism (narratology) and social-scientific criticism have come to the fore as the two most prominent new methodologies to be associated with gospel research. When these two methodologies are integrated in the reading of biblical texts, this is now referred to as "socio-rhetorical interpretation". This article departs from a specific understanding of what is meant by a narratological reading of a text on the one hand and, on the other hand, by a social-scientific interpretation of biblical texts, in order to propose a working definition of a socio-rhetorical analysis of texts.

scholarly journals On Defining Artificial Intelligence

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sharp Boundary ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Good Working ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
Fruitful Research ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Abstract This article systematically analyzes the problem of defining “artificial intelligence.” It starts by pointing out that a definition influences the path of the research, then establishes four criteria of a good working definition of a notion: being similar to its common usage, drawing a sharp boundary, leading to fruitful research, and as simple as possible. According to these criteria, the representative definitions in the field are analyzed. A new definition is proposed, according to it intelligence means “adaptation with insufficient knowledge and resources.” The implications of this definition are discussed, and it is compared with the other definitions. It is claimed that this definition sheds light on the solution of many existing problems and sets a sound foundation for the field.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

A Working Definition of Mind

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Farr
Keyword(s):  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Establishing a Working Definition of User Experience for eHealth Interventions: A Scoping Review of Self-Reported User Experience Measures and Delphi Consultation with eHealth Researchers and Adolescents (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S Newton ◽  
Sonja March ◽  
Nicole D Gehring ◽  
Arlen K Rowe ◽  
Ashley D Radomski
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ehealth Intervention

BACKGROUND Across eHealth intervention studies involving children, adolescents, and their parents, researchers have measured users’ experiences to assist with intervention development, refinement, and evaluation. To date, there are no widely agreed-on definitions or measures of ‘user experience’ to support a standardized approach for evaluation and comparison within or across interventions. OBJECTIVE We conducted a scoping review with subsequent Delphi consultation to (1) identify how user experience is defined and measured in eHealth research studies, (2) characterize the measurement tools used, and (3) establish working definitions for domains of user experience that could be used in future eHealth evaluations. METHODS We systematically searched electronic databases for published and gray literature available from January 1, 2005 to April 11, 2019. Studies assessing an eHealth intervention that targeted any health condition and was designed for use by children, adolescents, and their parents were eligible for inclusion. eHealth interventions needed to be web-, computer-, or mobile-based, mediated by the internet with some degree of interactivity. Studies were also required to report the measurement of ‘user experience’ as first-person experiences, involving cognitive and behavioural factors, reported by intervention users. Two reviewers independently screened studies for relevance and appraised the quality of user experience measures using published criteria: ‘well-established’, ‘approaching well-established’, ‘promising’, or ‘not yet established’. We conducted a descriptive analysis of how user experience was defined and measured in each study. Review findings subsequently informed the survey questions used in the Delphi consultations with eHealth researchers and adolescent users for how user experience should be defined and measured. RESULTS Of the 8,634 articles screened for eligibility, 129 and one erratum were included in the review. Thirty eHealth researchers and 27 adolescents participated in the Delphi consultations. Based on the literature and consultations, we proposed working definitions for six main user experience domains: acceptability, satisfaction, credibility, usability, user-reported adherence, and perceived impact. While most studies incorporated a study-specific measure, we identified ten well-established measures to quantify five of the six domains of user experience (all except for self-reported adherence). Our adolescent and researcher participants ranked perceived impact as one of the most important domains of user experience and usability as one of the least important domains. Rankings between adolescents and researchers diverged for other domains. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the various ways user experience has been defined and measured across studies and what aspects are most valued by researchers and adolescent users. We propose incorporating the working definitions and available measures of user experience to support consistent evaluation and reporting of outcomes across studies. Future studies can refine the definitions and measurement of user experience, explore how user experience relates to other eHealth outcomes, and inform the design and use of human-centred eHealth interventions.

scholarly journals AB0677 REVISING THE DEFINITION OF REACTIVE ARTHRITIS AND DIFFERENTIATION FROM UNDIFFERENTIATED SPONDYLOARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1633.2-1634
Author(s):  
F. Cosan ◽  
O. M. Gedar
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Reactive Arthritis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Undifferentiated Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Background:Reactive arthritis (ReA) is defined by 1999 ACR criteria as arthritis preceding a bacterial genitourinary (GUS) or gastrointestinal (GIS) infection in 3 days-6 weeks and evidence of triggering infection. Recently, ReA is classified as SpA and patients who do not fulfill SpA criteria are classified as undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (USpA) according to ASAS/EULAR SpA classification criteria.Objectives:In several case reports which are associated with other infective agents are reported and the definition is extended for some clinicians so that SpA which is occurred after any infection is called as ReA. On the other hand, some researchers still accept the classical definition of ReA. The problem with the heterogeneity of opinions and unstandardized definition of ReA hinders studies about pathogenesis and standardization of treatments. In this study, we aimed to determine the spectrum of the use of the definition of reactive arthritis in publications in PubMed between 2009-2019.Methods:The ReA keyword is searched in PubMed for the years between 2009-2019. 248 different publications have been identified and included in this research. 89 articles, 47 reviews, 108 case reports, 2 guidelines, and 2 editorials reviewed for the definition of ReA.Results:Only 42.7% (106 patients) of these publications meet the classical definition which suggests ReA after only GIS and GUS infections. In 4 (1.6%) of the publications ReA was defined after GIS, GUS and oropharyngeal infections; in 3 (1,2%) of the publications after any bacterial infection; in 9 (3.6%) of the publications after any infection. In 8 (3.2%) of the publications, ReA and USPA was used correspondingly. In 39 (15,7%) of the publications the term agent related, ReA was used without making a general definition for ReA. 79 publications (31,9%) have not defined ReA.According to causative agent and ReA relationship, in 64 (24,6%) general infective agents, in 75 (30,2%) classical agents, in 22 (8,9%) other bacterial agents, in 23 (9,3%) streptococcus, in 10(4%) intravesical BCG, in 6 (2.4%) HIV, in 6 (2.4%) tuberculosis, in 12 (4,8%) clostrudium difficle, in 2 (0.8%) parasites were reported. In 31 (12,5%) of the publications the causative agent for the ReA was unknown, the diagnosis was made clinically.Conclusion:In this study, it is aimed to draw attention terminology intricacy and the need for the standardization of the definition of ReA and USpA. It is clear that to standardize the definition of Rea and USpA is necessary. Between 2009-2019 there are reported cases diagnosed as ReA associated with bacterial infections (especially with Clostridium difficile, streptococcus and tuberculosis infections), and viral infections (by a majority with HIV), and parasitic infections. It is not clear if we need to define them classically or define them as USPA. Another important consideration is the necessity of extended laboratory investigations to find out the real causative agent even if the patient is clinically diagnosed with ReA. The requirement of the differentiation between ReA and USpA must be revealed for therapeutic researches.References:[1]A proposal for the classification of patients for clinical and experimental studies on reactive arthritis. Pacheco-Tena C, Burgos-Vargas R, Vázquez-Mellado J, Cazarín J, Pérez-Díaz JA. J Rheumatol. 1999 Jun;26(6):1338-46.[2]The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general. Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Akkoc N, Brandt J, Chou CT, Dougados M, Huang F, Gu J, Kirazli Y, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:25–31.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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