Dyadic Perceptions of COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Everyday Life

Abstract It is important to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic not only on individuals’ daily lives, but also their close partners. Current literature suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted older adults’ lives in several ways, including the frequency of social interactions and change in various life habits (Lesbrasseur et al., 2021). Data from 42 middle-aged and older, long-term married or cohabitating dyads were collected as part of an ongoing study of everyday cognition and functioning among couples. Participant age ranged from 40-85+, and couples were partnered for 9-60+ years. During this study, COVID-19 pandemic impact was assessed using six items (1 = No change to 4 = Severe change) examining daily routines, medical and mental health access, social contacts, and pandemic and family-related stress; reports ranged from six to 19. On average, women reported significantly higher COVID-19 pandemic impact compared to men. For both partners, the greatest disruptions reported related to routines and social contacts. Further analysis examined COVID-19 pandemic impact in dyads. For eight dyads, both partners reported relatively lower COVID-19 impact (6-11), whereas for six dyads, both partners reported higher impact scores (14-19). Discussion focuses on within-dyad and between-dyad differences related to perceptions of the pandemic’s impact.

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TUTELAGE AND COLLABORATION FOR HUMANOID ROBOTS

International Journal of Humanoid Robotics ◽

10.1142/s0219843604000150 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

pp. 315-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

CYNTHIA BREAZEAL ◽

ANDREW BROOKS ◽

JESSE GRAY ◽

GUY HOFFMAN ◽

CORY KIDD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Learning ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Learning Theory ◽

Situated Learning ◽

Humanoid Robot ◽

Humanoid Robots ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Joint Intention

This paper presents an overview of our work towards building socially intelligent, cooperative humanoid robots that can work and learn in partnership with people. People understand each other in social terms, allowing them to engage others in a variety of complex social interactions including communication, social learning, and cooperation. We present our theoretical framework that is a novel combination of Joint Intention Theory and Situated Learning Theory and demonstrate how this framework can be applied to develop our sociable humanoid robot, Leonardo. We demonstrate the robot's ability to learn quickly and effectively from natural human instruction using gesture and dialog, and then cooperate to perform a learned task jointly with a person. Such issues must be addressed to enable many new and exciting applications for robots that require them to play a long-term role in people's daily lives.

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Learning Whether to Cooperate in Novel Social Interactions

10.31234/osf.io/rnkum ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

William H.B. McAuliffe ◽

Michael E. McCullough ◽

Maxwell Burton-Chellew

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Social Life ◽

Best Interest ◽

Short Term ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Self Interest ◽

Long Term Consequences ◽

Lines Of Evidence ◽

Human Social Life

Human social life is rife with uncertainty. In any given social interaction, one can wonder: Is cooperating with this person in my long-term best interest? Many people resolve to play it safe by cooperating rather than behaving selfishly, likely because (a) most social interactions in everyday life have long-term consequences and (b) the costs of alienating oneself from long-term social partners often outweighs the short-term benefits of cheating them. However, since trusting and sharing with others does not always advance self-interest, people might also learn through experience whether cooperation benefits them in any particular situation. Here, we review several lines of evidence suggesting that people initially decide when to share and trust based on the incentives that are present in their daily lives, but that they can also learn through experience to adjust their cooperation decisions to match the incentives of novel situations.

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The Conspicuous Hidden Curriculum and Young Women’s Daily Lives in Polish Crisis Accommodation

The British Journal of Social Work ◽

10.1093/bjsw/bcaa077 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Mostowska ◽

Katarzyna Dębska

Keyword(s):

Single Mothers ◽

Hidden Curriculum ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Data Types ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Daily Routines ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Definition Of ◽

Diverse Data

Abstract This article examines the daily routine in crisis accommodation for young women in Poland, investigating the hidden curriculum that includes highly gendered norms and expectations regarding residents. The article considers local crisis centres and state-funded Specialist Centres for Victims of Domestic Violence as well as Single Mothers’ Homes, which provide long-term accommodation for mothers with dependent children. The analysed material has been gathered during fieldwork in Warsaw and the Podkarpackie province in the Years 2017–2018 and comprises diverse data types: interviews with managers and staff at crisis centres and Single Mothers’ Homes; legal acts that regulate referrals as well as house rules adopted in these facilities. The residents were interviewed about their experiences of, and views on their daily routines, tasks and relationships within shelters. In crisis centres, expectations are focussed on self-sufficiency, while in Catholic Single Mothers’ Homes, control is exercised through religion by defining what is proper behaviour and how a mother should behave. The article concludes by investigating these practices with regard to their effectiveness in supporting women’s housing needs and examining how they relate to a broader definition of social work.

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35 Social Contact Mode and 15-Year Episodic Memory Trajectories in Older Adults with and Without Hearing Loss: the Elsa Study

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afab029.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i7-i11

Author(s):

S Rafnsson ◽

A Maharani ◽

G Tampubolon

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Social Network ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Social Contact ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Impaired Hearing ◽

Contact Mode

Abstract Introduction Frequent social contact benefits cognition in later life although evidence is lacking on the potential importance of the modes chosen by older adults for interacting with others in their social network. Method 11,513 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) provided baseline information on hearing status and social contact mode and frequency of use. Multilevel growth curve models compared episodic memory (immediate and delayed recall) at baseline and long-term in participants who interacted frequently (offline only or offline and online combined), compared to infrequently, with others in their social network. Results Frequent offline (β = 0.29; p < 0.05) and combined offline and online (β = 0.76; p < 0.001) social interactions predicted better episodic memory after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. We observed positive long-term influences of combined offline and online interactions on memory in participants without hearing loss (β = 0.48, p = 0.001) but not of strictly offline interactions (β = 0.00, p = 0.970). In those with impaired hearing, long-term memory was positively influenced by both modes of engagement (offline only: β = 0.93, p < 0.001; combined online and offline: β = 1.47, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion Supplementing conventional social interactions with online communication modes may help older adults, especially those living with hearing loss, sustain, and benefit cognitively from, personal relationships.

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October 2020–January 2021

Ecclesiastical Law Journal ◽

10.1017/s0956618x21000077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 223-228

Author(s):

Frank Cranmer

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Joint Statement ◽

Mixed Feelings ◽

At Home

The period under review continued to be dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Westminster Government and the devolved administrations issued a joint statement on 16 December 2020 outlining a series of relaxations on social contacts between 23 and 27 December but even so it seemed that there were mixed feelings about any relaxation. The Scottish First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon, continued to stress that the Scottish Government's recommendation was to celebrate Christmas at home and to keep interactions with other households to a minimum. The Welsh Government decided that social interactions should be limited to two households only, to be followed by a further lockdown from 28 December.

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Brains that Fire Together Wire Together: Interbrain Plasticity Underlies Learning in Social Interactions

The Neuroscientist ◽

10.1177/1073858421996682 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107385842199668

Author(s):

Simone G. Shamay-Tsoory

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Facilitation Effect ◽

New Approach ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Long Term Experience

Social interactions are powerful determinants of learning. Yet the field of neuroplasticity is deeply rooted in probing changes occurring in synapses, brain structures, and networks within an individual brain. Here I synthesize disparate findings on network neuroplasticity and mechanisms of social interactions to propose a new approach for understanding interaction-based learning that focuses on the dynamics of interbrain coupling. I argue that the facilitation effect of social interactions on learning may be explained by interbrain plasticity, defined here as the short- and long-term experience-dependent changes in interbrain coupling. The interbrain plasticity approach may radically change our understanding of how we learn in social interactions.

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Age Differences in Types and Perceptions of Daily Stress

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.1177/00914150211001588 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009141502110015

Author(s):

Alexis R. Stefaniak ◽

Jessica M. Blaxton ◽

C. S. Bergeman

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Later Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Preventative Care ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Daily Stress ◽

Work Related ◽

Related Stress

The present study explores differences in daily stress across individuals of varying ages. Specifically, we explore whether age group (young adult, midlife, late midlife, later life) relates to differences in types of stress (family, friends, partner, health, finances, work), total stress exposure, and perceptions of daily stress intensity. Participants from the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being (NDHWB; N = 891) completed daily questionnaires assessing negative small life events and perceived stress for 8 weeks. Findings indicated that young adults reported a higher average number of family, spouse, finance, and work-related stress. Additionally, total daily stress was highest among young adults, and perceived stress was lowest among later life adults. Because daily stress relates to long-term mental and physical stress, gaining a better understanding of how individuals at different points in the life span uniquely experience stress can inform intervention and preventative care techniques aimed at promoting optimal well-being.

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Dominance relationships and coalitionary aggression against conspecifics in female carrion crows

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52177-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benedikt Holtmann ◽

Julia Buskas ◽

Matthew Steele ◽

Kristaps Solokovskis ◽

Jochen B. W. Wolf

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Social Environment ◽

Social Rank ◽

Social Benefits ◽

Same Sex ◽

The Third ◽

Dominance Relationships ◽

Dominant Individual ◽

The Individual

Abstract Cooperation is a prevailing feature of many animal systems. Coalitionary aggression, where a group of individuals engages in coordinated behaviour to the detriment of conspecific targets, is a form of cooperation involving complex social interactions. To date, evidence has been dominated by studies in humans and other primates with a clear bias towards studies of male-male coalitions. We here characterize coalitionary aggression behaviour in a group of female carrion crows consisting of recruitment, coordinated chase, and attack. The individual of highest social rank liaised with the second most dominant individual to engage in coordinated chase and attack of a lower ranked crow on several occasions. Despite active intervention by the third most highly ranked individual opposing the offenders, the attack finally resulted in the death of the victim. All individuals were unrelated, of the same sex, and naïve to the behaviour excluding kinship, reproduction, and social learning as possible drivers. Instead, the coalition may reflect a strategy of the dominant individual to secure long-term social benefits. Overall, the study provides evidence that members of the crow family engage in coordinated alliances directed against conspecifics as a possible means to manipulate their social environment.

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