scholarly journals HIGHER COPING SELF-EFFICACY ASSOCIATED WITH LOW SELF-PERCEIVED LONELINESS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S58-S59
Author(s):  
Melissa D Hladek ◽  
Paula V Nersesian ◽  
Thomas K Cudjoe ◽  
Jessica M Gill ◽  
Sarah L Szanton
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Cognitively Intact

Abstract Loneliness is an emotional state involving social network perceptions and linked to worse health outcomes. Coping self-efficacy evaluates confidence in ability to manage problems effectively using problem-solving, emotional regulation and social coping. The purpose of this cross-sectional study (N=151 community dwelling adults ages ≥ 65) was to evaluate associations between loneliness and coping self-efficacy. All participants had at least one chronic condition and were cognitively intact. In this sample, 32.08% were lonely (score ≥ 5 on UCLA 3-item loneliness scale (range 3-9). Higher coping self-efficacy was significantly associated with low loneliness after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, social support, depressive symptoms, body mass index, and a chronic disease-function score (β= -0.03, p=0.014). Causality could not be assessed; higher loneliness may lead to lower self-efficacy or lower self-efficacy may lead to higher loneliness. Nonetheless, loneliness and self-efficacy are both modifiable with great potential for improvement, possibly bettering health outcomes.

scholarly journals High Coping Self-Efficacy Associated With Lower Sweat Inflammatory Cytokines in Adults: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Hladek ◽  
Jessica Gill ◽  
Chen Lai ◽  
Kate Lorig ◽  
Sarah Szanton
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tnf Α

Introduction/Background: Chronic diseases, like diabetes and heart disease, are considered inflammatory conditions with elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Disease progression is not consistent from person to person. Psychosocial factors are hypothesized to play a modifying role. Self-efficacy, the confidence in one’s ability to perform well in a specific life domain or at a specific task, is associated with better health outcomes. Coping self-efficacy is confidence in one’s ability to handle life’s problems through emotional regulation, problem-solving, and social support. Little is known about associations between coping self-efficacy and inflammation. Aim: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine associations between coping self-efficacy and IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over two visits. Sociodemographic variables, chronic disease count, body mass index (BMI), and coping self-efficacy were collected. Inflammatory markers were collected via sweat using the sweat patch, a noninvasive collection device. Results: Higher TNF-α and IL-10 levels were significantly associated with low coping self-efficacy (β = −.03, p = .028; β = −.017, p = .007, respectively) after adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, and chronic disease count. IL-6 trended toward significance after adjustment as well (β = −.22, p = .054). Conclusions: This pilot study showed that high coping self-efficacy was associated with lower IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels, indicating a potential buffering effect of high coping self-efficacy. Further longitudinal research with larger sample sizes is needed.

scholarly journals What Stimulates Proactive Behaviour of Midwifery Students during their Education?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proactive Behaviour ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

Background: Proactive behaviour, triggered by various individual and/or contextual antecedents, could be a significant added value to cope with the major challenges midwifery students face in adapting quickly and effectively to different clinical settings. Aim: Assessing the presence of various individual and contextual antecedents in a group of midwifery students and explore their association with proactive behaviour which could bring benefits to the constantly evolving field of reproductive healthcare. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate associated antecedents of proactive behaviour in a group of midwifery students (n = 421) between December 2017 and February 2018. Findings: More than half (66.8%) of the midwifery students demonstrated some kind of proactive behaviour. Albeit, 13.6% of the proactive behaviour was associated to the appearance of the investigated individual and/or contextual antecedents. The Dutch nationality, the evolution in the educational programme, a high role breadth self-efficacy, generalized compliance, trust in peers and autonomy were all positively associated to proactive behaviour. Conclusions: Midwifery students showing generalized compliance to the organization, have a high role breadth self-efficacy and trust in their peers are positively associated to proactive behaviour. Discussion: Anticipating the various significant antecedents during the midwifery education, could strengthen the level of proactive behaviour of future midwives. The awareness of for proactive behaviour could have a positive contribution to the work efficiency and coping attitude of future midwives. This will indirectly contribute to the quality of care for mother and child.

scholarly journals Self-Efficacy Affects Cancer Patients in Solving Problems, Seeking Support and Avoiding Problems as Coping Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Yesiana Dwi Wahyu Werdani ◽  
Pascalis Arief Ardiansyah Silab
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Coping ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Cancer is a disease that causes various physical and mental problems. Being diagnosed with cancer affects the self-efficacy and behavior of individuals to choose a coping mechanism in facing the problem.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of self-efficacy on solving problems, seeking support, and avoiding problems as coping mechanisms in cancer patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 cancer patients selected using a total sampling technique from two public health centers in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Coping Strategy Indicator, and analyzed using the Shapiro Wilk for data normality, and linear regression to determine the effects of self-efficacy on solving problems, seeking support, and avoiding problems with p< 0.05.  Results: The results showed the participants’ rate of self-efficacy levels (M=3.26), and coping mechanism levels in solving problems (M=3.46), seeking support (M=2.88), and avoiding problems (M=3.27), as well as mean scores of self-efficacy (32.6±3.8), solving problems (34.6±3.8), seeking support (31.8±3.7), and avoiding problems (32.7±3.2). Based on the linear regression test, there was a significant effect self-efficacy on solving problems (p<0.001; R2=0.97), seeking support (p<0.001; R2=0.98), and avoiding problems (p<0.001; R2=0.98) as coping mechanisms.  Conclusion: Cancer patients who had high self-efficacy scores would choose solving problems and seeking support as the coping mechanisms, but those with lower scores on self-efficacy prefer to avoid the problems.

scholarly journals Examining and adapting the information–motivation–behavioural skills model of medication adherence among community-dwelling older patients with multimorbidity: protocol for a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e033431
Author(s):  
Chen Yang ◽  
Zhaozhao Hui ◽  
Dejian Zeng ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Diana Tze Fan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Imb Model ◽  
Cross Sectional

IntroductionMultimorbidity is highly prevalent among older patients and has been shown to be associated with poor health outcomes and lower quality of life. Adherence to medication treatments is essential in order to maximise the efficacy of treatments and improve health outcomes. However, nearly half of the older patients with multimorbidity fail to adhere to their medications, which can result in an increased risk of adverse health events, lower quality of life and higher healthcare cost. Only a few studies have explored the underlying mechanism and influencing factors of medication adherence among older patients with multimorbidity, which are inadequate to provide robust evidence for the development and evaluation of the medication adherence interventions. This study aims to examine and adapt the information–motivation–behavioural skills (IMB) model, a widely used social behaviour theory, to explain the medication adherence behaviour among community-dwelling older patients with multimorbidity.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional study will be conducted in community settings in China. Around 309 older patients with multimorbidity will be recruited to complete questionnaires on adherence knowledge, adherence motivation, adherence self-efficacy, medication adherence, medication treatment satisfaction, depressive symptoms, treatment burden, disease burden and basic demographic information. Structural equation modelling will be used to analyse and validate the relationships among variables in the IMB model.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Survey and Behavioral Research Ethics Committee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (reference number SBRE-18-675). The study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented in academic conferences and workshops.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900024804.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity, polypharmacy and primary prevention in community-dwelling adults in Quebec: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu N Nguyen ◽  
Patrice Ngangue ◽  
Jeannie Haggerty ◽  
Tarek Bouhali ◽  
Martin Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Polypharmacy carries the risk of adverse events, especially in people with multimorbidity. Objective To investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling adults, the association of multimorbidity with polypharmacy and the use of medications for primary prevention. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the follow-up data from the Program of Research on the Evolution of a Cohort Investigating Health System Effects (PRECISE) in Quebec, Canada. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of three or more chronic diseases and polypharmacy as self-reported concurrent use of five or more medications. Primary prevention was conceptualized as the use of statin or low-dose antiplatelets without a reported diagnostic of cardiovascular disease. Results Mean age 56.7 ± 11.6, 62.5% female, 30.3% had multimorbidity, 31.9% had polypharmacy (n = 971). The most common drugs used were statins, renin–angiotensin system inhibitors and psychotropics. Compared to participants without any chronic disease, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for having polypharmacy were 2.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–6.28] in those with one chronic disease, 8.88 (95% CI: 4.06–19.20) in those with two chronic diseases and 25.31 (95% CI: 11.77–54.41) in those with three or more chronic diseases, P < 0.001. In participants without history of cardiovascular diseases, 16.2% were using antiplatelets and 28.5% were using statins. Multimorbidity was associated with increased likelihood of using antiplatelets (adjusted OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.98–4.48, P < 0.001) and statins (adjusted OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.63–5.37, P < 0.001) for primary prevention. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling adults in Quebec and a strong association with multimorbidity. The use of medications for primary prevention may contribute to polypharmacy and raise questions about safety.

scholarly journals Muscle Impairments and Behavioral Factors Mediate Functional Limitations and Disability Following Stroke

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1342-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan K LeBrasseur ◽  
Stephen P Sayers ◽  
Michelle M Ouellette ◽  
Roger A Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background and Purpose. Stroke remains the leading cause of disability in the United States. The purposes of this study were to examine whether quantitative measures of muscle strength and power in the involved lower extremity predict functional limitations and to evaluate the contributions of behavioral factors to mediating disability and quality of life in people who have survived a stroke. Subjects and Methods. A cross-sectional study design was used, and measurements of muscle impairment, lower-body function, disability, quality of life, and behavioral factors were obtained for 31 community-dwelling volunteers who had experienced a single ischemic stroke in the past 6 to 24 months. Results. Stepwise regression models including impairment and behavioral measures were strong predictors of function, disability, and quality of life. Involved-extremity muscle strength and power and self-efficacy were independently associated with function, whereas depression and self-efficacy were strong predictors of disability and quality of life. Discussion and Conclusion. The findings warrant future studies to determine whether interventions that address muscle strength and power, depressive symptoms, and low self-efficacy effectively improve function, reduce disability, and enhance quality of life in people who have survived a stroke.

scholarly journals Perceived Self -Efficacy among Patients with Psoriasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consecutive Sampling

Skin diseases are very common. Psoriasis vulgaris is a common inflammatory and hyper-proliferative skin disease. Self-efficacy refers to the patients that they belief that he / she can carry out behaviour necessary to reach a desired goal, even when a situation contains unpredictable and stressful elements. The functional component that serves as boon to them is self-care management support. The objective of the study is to assess the perceived self- efficacy by using self- efficacy of managing chronic disease – 6 items. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used where 168 patients with psoriasis were selected for the study using consecutive sampling. The result was highlighted that there was a high behaviour noted for their self- efficacy to care for themselves.

scholarly journals Influence of Parental Psychological Flexibility on Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Coping Style

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyi Wang ◽  
Xinping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Serial Mediation ◽  
And Coping

Background: Pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy hinders the establishment of immune barrier in children. Psychological flexibility may be a key contributing factor to pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and self-efficacy and coping style play an important role in the relationship, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on parents from June 2021 to July 2021. A total of 382 parents were recruited for an online-investigation. Serial mediation models were used to examine whether self-efficacy and coping style mediated in the psychological flexibility-pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy linkage.Result: Psychological flexibility was negatively related to pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (r = −0.198, P &lt; 0.001). Coping styles rather than self-efficacy played a mediating role independently (95% CI: −0.263 to −0.058). Serial mediation analyses indicated that self-efficacy and coping style co-play a serial mediating role in the association of psychological flexibility and pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (95% CI: −0.037 to −0.001).Conclusion: The present study showed that high psychological flexibility, high self-efficacy, and positive coping style were conducive to the lower pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

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