scholarly journals OUT AND ABOUT? PARTICIPATION IN OUT-OF-HOME ACTIVITIES AND PLACES AMONG PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA IN MULTIPLE COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S774-S774
Author(s):  
Habib Chaudhury ◽  
Louise Nygard ◽  
Malcolm Cutchin
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Face

Abstract Maintaining participation in activities and places in the community can be challenging for people with dementia in the face of cognitive decline. These challenges could be related to driving cessation, accessing transit, ability to navigate in the community, socially uncomfortable situations and functionally difficult tasks. Consequently, people with dementia are at risk of progressively becoming isolated from the community and being unable to meaningfully age-in-place in the home and community. Familiar and responsive neighborhood built environmental features, public awareness of dementia and appropriate support, dementia-friendly transit systems, are among the potential socio-physical environmental factors to foster maintenance of participation and activities for persons living with dementia. Empirical literature exploring levels of participation outside the home, wayfinding and orientation issues, and the nature and prevalence of challenging circumstances for older adults with dementia in the community is scarce. This session will present four papers in this area based on empirical projects conducted in Sweden, Switzerland, U.K. and Canada. Three of these projects used the recently developed Participation in ACTivities and Places OUTside the Home (ACT-OUT) questionnaire to generate evidence on the levels of participation and perceptions of risks outside the home for people with and without dementia. A presentation will also summarize the theoretical bases for the ACT-OUT research discussed in the other presentations. One study will focus on the influence of Everyday Technology on participation patterns. Implications of the research findings to advance theoretical understanding, generate evidence-base and impact policy and practice, along with future research directions will be considered.

scholarly journals Subjective wellbeing in people living with dementia: exploring processes of multiple object handling sessions in a museum setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Paul M. Camic ◽  
Laura Dickens ◽  
Hannah Zeilig ◽  
Sarah Strohmaier
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Multiple Object ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Group Object

Background: Dementia care guidance highlights the importance of supporting people living with dementia to access engaging and meaningful activities to promote their quality of life. There is a growing evidence base for the efficacy of heritage settings and arts-based interventions to provide social prescribing opportunities to help support wellbeing in this population. This study extended previous research and explored the potential processes underlying this effect in multiple small group object handling sessions in a museum setting.    Methods: A mixed-methods design was used comprising a measure of subjective wellbeing and thematic analysis to explore in-the-moment session content across multiple sessions. Four people with dementia participated in three, one-hour group object handling sessions led by two facilitators. Results: Pre-post wellbeing scores showed increases after each session though this was largely not significant. Qualitative findings provided more compelling results, however, and identified four key themes: facilitating, interest in exploring objects, active participation, and group collaboration; interpretations were made around the dynamic interaction of themes and subthemes over the course of three sessions. Conclusions: This is the first study we are aware of that has taken an in-depth look at multiple museum-based group object handling sessions for people living with dementia. Findings offer ways to optimise object handling sessions for people with dementia by providing in-depth information about the processes involved across multiple object handling sessions facilitated by museum/heritage professionals in a museum setting. This has useful implications for community-based activities as part of dementia care planning and public health programming. The study contributes to a deeper understanding and elucidates the processes that enhance wellbeing for this population who participate in such sessions. It also helps to develop further theoretical understanding about why these types of activities are helpful in community-based dementia care. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of probation supervision towards reducing reoffending: A Rapid Evidence Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Kim Heyes ◽  
Chris Fox ◽  
Jordan Harrison ◽  
Zsolt Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
What Works ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Probation Supervision ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Meta Analyses

In response to the lack of universal agreement about ‘What Works’ in probation supervision (Trotter, 2013) we undertook a Rapid Evidence Assessment of the empirical literature. Our analysis of research into the effect of probation supervision reducing reoffending included 13 studies, all of which employed robust research designs, originating in the USA, UK, Canada and Australia, published between 2006 and 2016. We describe the papers included in our review, and the meta-analyses of their findings. Overall, we found that the likelihood of reoffending was shown to be lower for offenders who had been exposed to some type of supervision. This finding should be interpreted cautiously however, given the heterogeneity of the studies. We suggest future research and methodological considerations to develop the evidence base concerning the effectiveness of probation supervision.

scholarly journals Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans Aging in a U.K. Context: Critical Observations of Recent Research Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Almack ◽  
Andrew King
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
People’S Perceptions

In this article, we provide critical observations of empirical research from leading U.K. researchers relating to the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans older adults. We suggest learning that may be applied in differing global contexts as well as contributing to the development of an international evidence base. We illustrate the importance of paying attention to distinct health and care systems and legislation, which present global differences as well as similarities in terms of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans people’s perceptions and access to resources. With this contextual background, we then discuss the cutting-edge U.K. research in this field from 2010 onward. We identify key strengths including the contribution our evidence has made to policy and practice and the development of theoretical insights such as the impact of intersectionality. The article concludes with a discussion of future research in this field which has relevance at national and international levels.

scholarly journals Reality versus rhetoric: Assessing the efficacy of third-party hate crime reporting centres

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Wong ◽  
Kris Christmann ◽  
Michelle Rogerson ◽  
Neil Monk
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Facility ◽  
The Uk

The underreporting of hate crime is recognised as problematic for jurisdictions across Europe and beyond. Within the UK, the landmark inquiry report into the murder of Stephen Lawrence 25 years ago has seen governments faithfully adhering to a policy of promoting the increased reporting of hate crime. An enduring legacy of the inquiry, third-party reporting centres (TPRCs) have been equally faithfully promoted as the primary vehicle for achieving such increases. While the nations of the United Kingdom have pioneered the development of TPRCs, their function and form have been adopted in other jurisdictions, including Victoria, Australia. Nevertheless, despite their reliance on TPRCs, policymakers have given limited attention to their efficacy. The evidence from a plethora of small scale studies has consistently found that TPRCs have been limited by public awareness, capability, capacity and poor oversight difficulties. Responding to these long-standing problems, the authors have developed the first ‘TPRC assessment tool’ which offers a diagnostic facility to improve effectiveness. This paper describes the development and piloting of this tool and highlights its potential to inform policy and practice both in the UK and internationally, providing an original contribution to the limited evidence base around third-party reporting.

scholarly journals Adult protection in Scotland in 1857 and in 2015: what have we learned?

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Campbell
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Adult Protection

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare recent developments in adult protection legislation, policy and practice in Scotland in 2015 with the first attempts at protection of adults at risk of harm, in 1857-1862, with a particular focus on people with learning disabilities. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses comparative historical research, drawing on primary archive material from 1857 to 1862 in the form of Annual Reports of the General Board of Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland and associated papers. Findings – Growing public awareness of the extent of neglect and abuse, and the need for overarching legislation were common factors in the development of both the “The Lunacy Act” of 1857 and the Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act of 2007. Both pieces of legislation also had the common aim of “asylum”, and shared some other objectives. Practical implications – Total prevention of abuse of vulnerable adults is an aspiration in law and in policy. There is an evidence base of effectiveness, however, in protecting adults at risk of harm from abuse. Some ecological factors recur as challenges to effective safeguarding activity. These include problems of definition, uncovering abuse, enforcing legislation, evaluating impact and protection of people who are not a risk of harm to others. Originality/value – This paper compares common themes and common challenges in two separate time periods to investigate what can be learned about the development of legislation and practice in adult protection.

A review of pro-arrest, pro-charge, and pro-prosecution policies as a response to domestic violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801732097995
Author(s):  
Cary Ryan ◽  
Dominic Silvio ◽  
Tara Borden ◽  
Nancy M Ross
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Survivor Satisfaction

Summary The focus of this scoping review was to understand the overall state of research activity related to pro-arrest, pro-charge, and pro-prosecution policies in Canada. The review identified 295 articles, academic (47.5%) and gray literature (52.5%) published between 1983 and 2018 that reported on these policies as a response to domestic violence in Canada. Findings The findings acknowledged growing concerns over the ineffectiveness of these policies as a response to domestic violence. In fact, over half of the articles (57.6%) either failed to support these policies or recommended significant revisions; only a small number of articles (1.0%) favored these policies in their current form. Themes related to the effectiveness of these policies included criminalization and public awareness, survivor satisfaction, standardized police response, removal of burden from survivor to charge, and better than nothing. Themes related to the ineffectiveness included disconnect between policy and practice, revictimizes survivors, one-size fits all approach, have not adequately reduced domestic violence in Canada, lack of understanding training and education for all, failure to address structural and systemic factors, lack of trust in the criminal justice system, and success has been difficult to measure. Applications The deconstruction of these policies in this review points to the need for future research to address identified gaps in the literature and to explore alternatives that serve their intended emancipatory effect.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Re-evaluation of Reproductive Coercion: Centring Intent, Fear and Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Tarzia ◽  
Kelsey Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Reproductive Coercion ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
And Control

Background: Reproductive coercion and abuse (RCA) is a hidden form of violence against women. It includes behaviours intended to control or dictate a woman’s reproductive autonomy, for the purpose of either preventing or promoting pregnancy. Main text: In this commentary, we argue that there is a lack of conceptual clarity around RCA that is a barrier to developing a robust evidence base. Furthermore, we suggest that there is a poor understanding of the way that RCA intersects with other types of violence (intimate partner violence; sexual violence) and – as a result – inconsistent definition and measurement in research and practice. To address this, we propose a new way of understanding RCA that centres perpetrator intent and the presence of fear and control. Recommendations for future research are also discussed. Conclusion: We suggest that IPV and SV are the mechanisms through which RCA is perpetrated. In other words, RCA cannot exist without some other form of co-occurring violence in a relationship. This has important implications for research, policy and practice including for screening and identification of women in reproductive healthcare settings.

Video Game Making and Modding

2016 ◽  
pp. 238-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth R. Gee ◽  
Kelly M. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Educational Professional

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of current literature on video game making and modding (modification). The chapter describes key game making tools and educational programs that incorporate game making, to promote student outcomes ranging from media literacy to the development of computational thinking and greater interest in computer science. This is followed by a discussion of empirical literature on game making and modding as fan practices, and an overview of new game making tools and communities that are blurring the lines between educational, professional, and fan-driven game making practices. Lastly, the chapter addresses key issues, directions for future research, and recommendations for policy and practice.

scholarly journals MORE THAN JUST A ROOM: RESULTS FROM AN INTERGENERATIONAL HOME SHARING PROGRAM IN TORONTO

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S154-S154
Author(s):  
Raza M Mirza ◽  
Laura Martinez ◽  
Andrea Austen ◽  
Lynn McDonald ◽  
Christopher Klinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Household Tasks ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
Exit Survey

Abstract Older adults prefer to live in their own homes for as long as possible — to ‘age in place’ — but for myriad reasons may be unable to do so. To address this, a number of housing alternatives have been explored, including homesharing, or homeshare, an exchange-based shared housing approach with the potential to empower older adults to age in place by enabling them to obtain additional income, companionship, and assistance with completing household tasks in exchange for renting out a room in their home. An intergenerational homesharing pilot program was launched in Toronto, matching older adults (55+) with postsecondary students. With limited research in the area, a mixed methods research study was embedded within the pilot project with the goals of: 1) conducting a scoping review to map and synthesize the literature related to outcomes of homeshare participation for this population, 2) conducting in-depth interviews with homeshare participants (N=22) to learn about their experiences, and 3) conduct a full evaluation and exit survey to better understand the implications of the project. Results were organized around the following themes: (1) benefits and challenges of participating in homeshare for older adults; (2) intergenerational engagement as social exchange; and (3) the key role of agency facilitation as a determinant of the experience of homesharing for older adults. Results spoke to the unique benefits and challenges of participating in homeshare for this population. Findings were used to derive implications for policy and practice, as well as highlight areas for future research.

scholarly journals The journey from first inspection to quality standards (1857-2016): are we there yet?

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Martin Campbell
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Periods

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively analyse the inspection and regulation of care for people with learning disabilities and mental health problems in Scotland, in two time periods. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses comparative historical research drawing on primary sources from 1857 to 1862 in the form of Annual Reports of the General Board of Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland and associated papers, to compare inspection methods, quality standards and to identify persistent challenges to effective inspection. Findings Political, clinical and public awareness led initially to criticisms of existing care and eventually to the development of the “The Lunacy Act” of 1857. This Act resulted in the first attempts to set minimum standards of care for individuals at risk, with enforceable regulation. Some factors recur as challenges to effective practice in the inspection and regulation of care today. Practical implications There are problems of definition, reliable monitoring of quality standards and adequate, independent inspection of services that respond to unacceptable standards of care. There is a growing evidence base about best methods of inspection of services for people in care who are most at risk. These methods attempt to strike a balance between evidence- and value-based judgments. Perspectives from history may help focus resources. Originality/value This paper compares common and common challenges in two time periods to investigate what can be learned about the development of policy and practice in inspection and regulation of care.

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