A review of pro-arrest, pro-charge, and pro-prosecution policies as a response to domestic violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801732097995
Author(s):  
Cary Ryan ◽  
Dominic Silvio ◽  
Tara Borden ◽  
Nancy M Ross
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Survivor Satisfaction

Summary The focus of this scoping review was to understand the overall state of research activity related to pro-arrest, pro-charge, and pro-prosecution policies in Canada. The review identified 295 articles, academic (47.5%) and gray literature (52.5%) published between 1983 and 2018 that reported on these policies as a response to domestic violence in Canada. Findings The findings acknowledged growing concerns over the ineffectiveness of these policies as a response to domestic violence. In fact, over half of the articles (57.6%) either failed to support these policies or recommended significant revisions; only a small number of articles (1.0%) favored these policies in their current form. Themes related to the effectiveness of these policies included criminalization and public awareness, survivor satisfaction, standardized police response, removal of burden from survivor to charge, and better than nothing. Themes related to the ineffectiveness included disconnect between policy and practice, revictimizes survivors, one-size fits all approach, have not adequately reduced domestic violence in Canada, lack of understanding training and education for all, failure to address structural and systemic factors, lack of trust in the criminal justice system, and success has been difficult to measure. Applications The deconstruction of these policies in this review points to the need for future research to address identified gaps in the literature and to explore alternatives that serve their intended emancipatory effect.

The Nature and Extent of Qualitative Research Conducted With Children About Their Experiences of Domestic Violence: Findings From a Meta-Synthesis

2019 ◽  
pp. 152483801988888
Author(s):  
Debbie Noble-Carr ◽  
Tim Moore ◽  
Morag McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research With Children

Domestic violence is a significant issue experienced by many children that can have a detrimental impact on their health, development, and well-being. This article reports on the findings of a meta-synthesis that examined the nature and extent of qualitative studies conducted with children about their experience of domestic violence. Studies were identified by a search of electronic databases and included gray literature. Studies were included for review if they were published between 1996 and 2016, were from countries considered as comparable Western nations to Australia and available in the English language, and reported on qualitative studies that directly engaged with children under the age of 18 years on their experiences of intimate partner violence involving one or more of their parents/carers. Forty peer-reviewed publications that reported on 32 studies were included for the review. This study was unique in that it included child participation measures to assess the quality of available studies. This article explores the contribution that research with children has made to our understandings of, and responses to, domestic violence, and provides a critique of the limitations and gaps evident in the extant qualitative research with children on the issue of domestic violence. The article considers implications for future research, policy, and practice and in particular focuses our attention on the need to engage more children more fully in participatory research in the field of domestic violence.

scholarly journals OUT AND ABOUT? PARTICIPATION IN OUT-OF-HOME ACTIVITIES AND PLACES AMONG PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA IN MULTIPLE COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S774-S774
Author(s):  
Habib Chaudhury ◽  
Louise Nygard ◽  
Malcolm Cutchin
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Face

Abstract Maintaining participation in activities and places in the community can be challenging for people with dementia in the face of cognitive decline. These challenges could be related to driving cessation, accessing transit, ability to navigate in the community, socially uncomfortable situations and functionally difficult tasks. Consequently, people with dementia are at risk of progressively becoming isolated from the community and being unable to meaningfully age-in-place in the home and community. Familiar and responsive neighborhood built environmental features, public awareness of dementia and appropriate support, dementia-friendly transit systems, are among the potential socio-physical environmental factors to foster maintenance of participation and activities for persons living with dementia. Empirical literature exploring levels of participation outside the home, wayfinding and orientation issues, and the nature and prevalence of challenging circumstances for older adults with dementia in the community is scarce. This session will present four papers in this area based on empirical projects conducted in Sweden, Switzerland, U.K. and Canada. Three of these projects used the recently developed Participation in ACTivities and Places OUTside the Home (ACT-OUT) questionnaire to generate evidence on the levels of participation and perceptions of risks outside the home for people with and without dementia. A presentation will also summarize the theoretical bases for the ACT-OUT research discussed in the other presentations. One study will focus on the influence of Everyday Technology on participation patterns. Implications of the research findings to advance theoretical understanding, generate evidence-base and impact policy and practice, along with future research directions will be considered.

scholarly journals The use of internet and domestic violence offenders behaviours in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Sevaste Chatzifotiou ◽  
George Filippidis ◽  
Eleni Fotou ◽  
Spiros Koutsoukis
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Therapeutic Program ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
Research And Policy

This paper seeks to investigate the correlations between the use of communication technology and intimate partner violence, in terms of manifestations of aggressive behaviours, changes in modus operandi, stalking behaviours and the use of coercive control through communication technology. The subjects of the study are courtmandated offenders (n=21) who are enrolled in a therapeutic program specifically designed for domestic violence offenders. Finally, recommendations for future research and policy and practice are offered.

The Interplay of Developing Morality and Gender Attitudes

2020 ◽  
pp. 724-745
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Bigler ◽  
Lynn S. Liben
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

Morality and gender are intersecting realms of human thought and behavior. Reasoning and action at their intersection (e.g., views of women’s rights legislation) carry important consequences for societies, communities, and individual lives. In this chapter, the authors argue that children’s developing views of morality and gender reciprocally shape one another in important and underexplored ways. The chapter begins with a brief history of psychological theory and research at the intersection of morality and gender and suggests reasons for the historical failure to view gender attitudes through moral lenses. The authors then describe reasons for expecting morality to play an important role in shaping children’s developing gender attitudes and, reciprocally, for gender attitudes to play an important role in shaping children’s developing moral values. The authors next illustrate the importance and relevance of these ideas by discussing two topics at the center of contentious debate in the United States concerning ethical policy and practice: treatment of gender nonconformity and gender-segregated schooling. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals A gold mine, but still no Klondike: Nordic register data in health inequalities research

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjetil A. Van Der Wel ◽  
Olof Östergren ◽  
Olle Lundberg ◽  
Kaarina Korhonen ◽  
Pekka Martikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Acquisition Processes

Aims: Future research on health inequality relies on data that cover life-course exposure, different birth cohorts and variation in policy contexts. Nordic register data have long been celebrated as a ‘gold mine’ for research, and fulfil many of these criteria. However, access to and use of such data are hampered by a number of hurdles and bottlenecks. We present and discuss the experiences of an ongoing Nordic consortium from the process of acquiring register data on socio-economic conditions and health in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Methods: We compare experiences of data-acquisition processes from a researcher’s perspective in the four countries and discuss the comparability of register data and the modes of collaboration available to researchers, given the prevailing ethical and legal restrictions. Results: The application processes we experienced were time-consuming, and decision structures were often fragmented. We found substantial variation between the countries in terms of processing times, costs and the administrative burden of the researcher. Concerned agencies differed in policy and practice which influenced both how and when data were delivered. These discrepancies present a challenge to comparative research. Conclusions: We conclude that there are few signs of harmonisation, as called for by previous policy documents and research papers. Ethical vetting needs to be centralised both within and between countries in order to improve data access. Institutional factors that seem to facilitate access to register data at the national level include single storage environments for health and social data, simplified ethical vetting and user guidance.

scholarly journals Monitoring the technological processes in the wood industry in order to make them more efficient through technical overhauling

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Radu Dan Paltan ◽  
Cristina Biriş ◽  
Loredana Anne-Marie Rădulescu
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Research Article ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Cost

Of many techniques that are used to optimize production and costs, the studies conducted within a profile company lead to our choice for testing the 6Sigma method (the most used method in the automotive industry) in view of the economic efficiency applied in the wood Industry company. This method measures how many flaws exist in a process and determines in a systematic way how to improve it by technical overhauling and eliminating or minimizing the process for efficiency. This research article aims to study the state of research on the optimization of the production process through technical overhauling for panels reconstituted from solid wood and ways to make production more efficient by cutting costs through technical overhauling. From preliminary research, we estimate that all the items founded and others that will result from further research will result in a significant decrease in production costs that are reflected in the cost of the finished product and consequently in increasing the yield of the company by maximizing its profit. At the same time it may be the basis of future research studies in the field. The easier it is to maximize profits, the lower the operating costs are and the higher recovery rate of investments are, that will result a change in the operating mode: “working smarter not harder”.

More than carrots and sticks: Economic statecraft and coercion in China–Taiwan relations from 2000 to 2019

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572096265
Author(s):  
Christina Lai
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Economic Statecraft ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Economic Coercion ◽  
Chinese Group ◽  
Level Analysis

China has become one of the most important trading partners for many Asian countries, and Taiwan is at the forefront of China’s economic coercion. It also leads to the following empirical puzzle: When can Beijing’s economic sanctions and incentives achieve their desired outcomes? Why and how do they often fail? Given the power asymmetry between China and Taiwan, how Taiwan resists China’s coercive measures contributes significantly to theoretical development in international relations. Taiwan has responded to Chinese economic pressure by diversifying its trade with and investment in Southeast Asian and South Asian countries to lessen dependence on China. It also securitizes China–Taiwan relations by raising public awareness about over-reliance on China’s market. Taiwan is not only a target of China’s coercion, but an active actor in its own right as well. This article re-evaluates the literature on East Asian politics and economic statecraft. First, it highlights the salience of power asymmetry to the field of economic statecraft. Second, it offers a three-level analysis of when and how China exercised economic coercion and incentives towards Taiwan. Third, it examines how Taiwan addressed Beijing’s sanctions on Chinese group tourists starting in 2016. The final section discusses some conclusions that can be drawn and suggests some avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Corruption in Construction Projects: Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4400
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhai ◽  
Ming Shan ◽  
Amos Darko ◽  
Albert P. C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Global Research

Corruption has been identified as a major problem in construction projects. It can jeopardize the success of these projects. Consequently, corruption has garnered significant attention in the construction industry over the past two decades, and several studies on corruption in construction projects (CICP) have been conducted. Previous efforts to analyze and review this body of knowledge have been manual, qualitative and subjective, thus prone to bias and limited in the number of reviewed studies. There remains a lack of inclusive, quantitative, objective and computational analysis of global CICP research to inform future research, policy and practice. This study aims to address this lack by providing the first inclusive bibliometric study exploring the state-of-the-art of global CICP research. To this end, a quantitative and objective technique aided by CiteSpace was used to systematically and computationally analyze a large corpus of 542 studies retrieved from the Web of Science and published from 2000 to 2020. The findings revealed major and influential CICP research journals, persons, institutions, countries, references and areas of focus, as well as revealing how these interact with each other in research networks. This study contributes to the in-depth understanding of global research on CICP. By highlighting the principal research areas, gaps, emerging trends and directions, as well as patterns in CICP research, the findings could help researchers, practitioners and policy makers position their future CICP research and/or mitigation strategies.

The role of heredity in cancer.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Levine ◽  
R A King ◽  
C D Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Familial Cancer ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
A Minor

Heredity is generally felt to play a minor role in the development of cancer. This review critically examines this assumption. Topics discussed include evidence for heritable predisposition in animals and humans; the potential importance of genetic-environmental interactions; approaches that are being used to successfully locate genes responsible for heritable predisposition; comparability of genetic findings among heritable and corresponding sporadic malignancies; and future research directions. Breast, colon, and lung cancer are used to exemplify clinical and research activity in familial cancer; clinical phenotypes, segregation and linkage analyses, models for environmental interactions with inherited traits, and molecular mechanisms of tumor development are discussed. We conclude that the contribution of heredity to the cancer burden is greater than generally accepted, and that study of heritable predisposition will continue to reveal carcinogenic mechanisms important to the development of all cancers.

Implementation of Pre–Employment Transition Services: A Content Analysis of Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act State Plans

2021 ◽  
pp. 216514342199302
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Taylor ◽  
Holly N. Whittenburg ◽  
Magen Rooney-Kron ◽  
Tonya Gokita ◽  
Stephanie J. Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Transition Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Youth With Disabilities ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Employment Transition ◽  
Workforce Innovation

Many youth with disabilities experience persistently low rates of competitive integrated employment (CIE) and participation in higher education. In 2014, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) established a policy focus on CIE as the goal of vocational services for youth and individuals with disabilities. In addition, WIOA created provision for Pre–Employment Transition Services (Pre-ETS) to ensure that state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies focused sufficient resources toward transition-age youth. This study examined a sample of WIOA State Implementation Plans in depth using content analysis to identify how state VR agencies prioritized the provision of Pre-ETS services to youth with disabilities. Analysis of state plans resulted in three emergent themes: (a) instructional priorities, (b) instructional contexts, and (c) networks of stakeholders. We discuss the implications of these themes for future research, policy, and practice related to the employment of individuals with disabilities.

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