scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ATTENUATES AGE DIFFERENCES IN CHANGE IN PERCEIVED PHYSICAL FATIGABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S909-S910
Author(s):  
Yujia (Susanna) Qiao ◽  
Theresa Gmelin ◽  
Robert M Boudreau ◽  
Stacy L Andersen ◽  
Stephanie Cosentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Lower physical activity is cross-sectionally associated with greater fatigability; whether such a relationship holds for longitudinal changes in fatigability is under-studied. We examined this question in offspring (≥60 years, range 60-93y, 99.7% white; 53.2% female) enrolled in the Long Life Family Study, a two-generation cohort enriched for exceptional longevity and their spousal controls. At Visit 2 (2014-2017), we measured self-reported physical activity (PA) with the Framingham Physical Activity Index (dichotomized by median value: less active <37 MET-hrs/wk and more active ≥37 MET-hrs/wk). Perceived physical fatigability was assessed using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS, 0-50) at Visit 2 and repeated during a follow-up contact 2.7±0.92 years later. We constructed a repeated-measures linear mixed-effect model to examine the effect of PA on longitudinal change in PFS by median age (younger <70y; older ≥70y) adjusted for family structure, field center, follow-up time, sex, and self-rated health. We found a strong dose-response relationship of PFS scores across the four age/PA groups (ptrend<0.001). Specifically, older/less active (N=310) participants had the highest annual PFS increases of 0.37 points/yr (p<0.001) while those older/more active (N=340) had annual increases of 0.17 points/yr (p=0.03). Younger/less active (N=371) participants had annual PFS increases of 0.09 points/yr (p=0.008); those younger/more active (N=341) had annual decreases (improvement) of 0.18 points/yr (p<0.001). Although annual PFS changes were modest, our findings indicate physical activity attenuated age differences in these trajectories. Physical activity is emerging as a potential target for intervention aimed at reducing fatigability - an important risk factor in the disability pathway.

scholarly journals Total Cholesterol Concentration Predicts the Effect of Plasmapheresis on Hypertriglyceridemic Acute Pancreatitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zhu chen ◽  
xiaolong Huang ◽  
na Han ◽  
Yanxia Guo ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The clinical efficacy of plasmapheresis (PP) in patients with hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) might affected by total cholesterol (TC). The objective of this study is to determine the relationship of TC and the Triglyceride (TG)-lowing effect in patients on either non-PP or PP therapy.MethodsPatients were categorized into high total cholesterol (HTC) /low total cholesterol (LTC) groups based on TC level of 12.4 mmol/l. The primary outcome was TG reduction to below 500mg/dl within 48 hours. Linear mixed-effect model and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of TC and different therapy groups on TG-lowing efficacy.ResultsCompared with LTC group, patients with HTC showed more severe imaging manifestations(p<0.001) and higher APACH Ⅱ scores (p=0.036). Deaths occurred only in HTC groups. Significant interaction of time sequence with the 2 TGs-lowing therapy groups on TG level was only found in HTC group (p < 0.001). In patients with elevated TC level, primary outcome occurred in 66.67% of patients in the PP group, and 27.91% in the non-PP group. After adjustment for age, gender, CT grade and APACH II score, the odd ratio remain significant (OR 5.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.84-16.25, p = 0.002). Furthermore, in patients with lower TC level, primary outcome occurred in 81.25% of patients in the PP group, and 62.30% in the non-PP group (adjusted OR 2.05; 95% CI 0.45–9.40; p = 0.353).Conclusions: TC could be a potential biomarker to predict the effects of TG-lowing therapy in patients with HLAP.

scholarly journals MegaLMM: Mega-scale linear mixed models for genomic predictions with thousands of traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Runcie ◽  
Jiayi Qu ◽  
Hao Cheng ◽  
Lorin Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Genetic Value

AbstractLarge-scale phenotype data can enhance the power of genomic prediction in plant and animal breeding, as well as human genetics. However, the statistical foundation of multi-trait genomic prediction is based on the multivariate linear mixed effect model, a tool notorious for its fragility when applied to more than a handful of traits. We present , a statistical framework and associated software package for mixed model analyses of a virtually unlimited number of traits. Using three examples with real plant data, we show that can leverage thousands of traits at once to significantly improve genetic value prediction accuracy.

scholarly journals Limited not lazy: a quasi-experimental secondary analysis of evidence quality evaluations by those who hold implausible beliefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy A. Martire ◽  
Bethany Growns ◽  
Agnes S. Bali ◽  
Bronte Montgomery-Farrer ◽  
Stephanie Summersby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quality Evidence

AbstractPast research suggests that an uncritical or ‘lazy’ style of evaluating evidence may play a role in the development and maintenance of implausible beliefs. We examine this possibility by using a quasi-experimental design to compare how low- and high-quality evidence is evaluated by those who do and do not endorse implausible claims. Seven studies conducted during 2019–2020 provided the data for this analysis (N = 746). Each of the seven primary studies presented participants with high- and/or low-quality evidence and measured implausible claim endorsement and evaluations of evidence persuasiveness (via credibility, value, and/or weight). A linear mixed-effect model was used to predict persuasiveness from the interaction between implausible claim endorsement and evidence quality. Our results showed that endorsers were significantly more persuaded by the evidence than non-endorsers, but both groups were significantly more persuaded by high-quality than low-quality evidence. The interaction between endorsement and evidence quality was not significant. These results suggest that the formation and maintenance of implausible beliefs by endorsers may result from less critical evidence evaluations rather than a failure to analyse. This is consistent with a limited rather than a lazy approach and suggests that interventions to develop analytical skill may be useful for minimising the effects of implausible claims.

scholarly journals Association between Anxiety Levels and Weight Change in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Rieke ◽  
Ramon Durazo-Arvizu ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
Erin D. Michos ◽  
Amy Luke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To examine the association between anxiety and weight change in a multiethnic cohort followed for approximately 10 years.Methods. The study population consisted of participants of the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis who met specified inclusion criteria (n= 5,799). Weight was measured at baseline and four subsequent follow-up exams. Anxiety was analyzed as sex-specific anxiety quartiles (QANX). The relationship between anxiety level and weight change was examined using a mixed-effect model with weight as the dependent variable, anxiety and time as the independent variables, and adjusted for covariates.Results. Average annual weight change (range) was −0.17 kg (−6.04 to 4.38 kg) for QANX 1 (lowest anxiety), −0.16 kg (−10.71 to 4.45 kg) for QANX 2, −0.15 kg (−8.69 to 6.39 kg) for QANX 3, and −0.20 kg (−7.12 to 3.95 kg) for QANX 4 (highest anxiety). No significant association was noted between QANX and weight change. However, the highest QANX was associated with a −2.48 kg (95% CI = −3.65, −1.31) lower baseline weight compared to the lowest QANX after adjustment for all covariates.Conclusions. Among adults, age 45–84, higher levels of anxiety, defined by the STPI trait anxiety scale, are associated with lower average baseline weight but not with weight change.

Accelerometry and Self-Report Are Congruent for Children’s Moderate-to-Vigorous and Higher Intensity Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Claudio R. Nigg ◽  
Xanna Burg ◽  
Barbara Lohse ◽  
Leslie Cunningham-Sabo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Upper Elementary School ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Purpose: This study used different analytic approaches to compare physical activity (PA) metrics from accelerometers (ACC) and a self-report questionnaire in upper elementary youth participating in the Fuel for Fun intervention. Methods: The PA questionnaire and ACC were assessed at baseline/preintervention (fall fourth grade), Follow-up 1/postintervention (spring fourth grade), and Follow-up 2 (fall fifth grade) of 564 fourth grade students from three elementary schools (50% females, 78% White, and 28% overweight or obese). Different analytic approaches identified similarities and differences between the two methods. Results: On average, self-report was higher than ACC for vigorous PA (range = 9–15 min/day), but lower than ACC for moderate PA (range = 24–30 min/day), light PA (range = 30–36 min/day), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; range = 9–21 min/day). Spearman’s correlations for vigorous PA (.30, .26, and .32); moderate PA (.12, .13, and .14); and MVPA (.25, .25, and .24) were significant at each time point (all ps ≤ .01), whereas correlations for light PA were not significant (.06, .04, and .07; all ps > .05). In repeated-measures analyses, ACC and questionnaire measures were significantly different from each other across the three time points; however, change difference of the two measures over time was only 5.5 MVPA min/day. Conclusions: The PA questionnaire and ACC validated each other and can be used to assess MVPA in upper elementary school children in a similar population to the current study. However, each assessment method captures unique information, especially for light-intensity PA. Multiple PA measurement methods are recommended to be used in research and application to provide a more comprehensive understanding of children’s activity.

scholarly journals High-intensity physical activity is not associated with better cognition in the elder: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wu ◽  
Haiping Zhang ◽  
Xinlei Miao ◽  
Haibin Li ◽  
Huiying Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Global Cognition

Abstract Background To evaluate the association of physical activity (PA) intensity with cognitive performance at baseline and during follow-up. Methods A total of 4039 participants aged 45 years or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled in visit 1 (2011–2012) and followed for cognitive function in visit 2 (2013–2014), visit 3 (2015–2016), and visit 4 (2017–2018). We analyzed the association of PA intensity with global cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness at baseline using adjusted regression methods and evaluated the long-term effect of PA intensity using multiple measures of cognition scores by mixed effect model. Results In cross-sectional analysis, mild and moderate PA, rather than vigorous PA, was associated with better cognitive performance. The results remained consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. During the follow-up, participant with mild PA had a 0.56 (95% CI 0.12–0.99) higher global cognition, 0.23 (95% CI 0.01–0.46) higher episodic memory, and 0.33 (95% CI 0.01–0.64) higher mental intactness, while those with moderate PA had a 0.74 (95% CI 0.32–1.17) higher global score, 0.32 (95% CI 0.09–0.54) higher episodic memory, and 0.43 (95% CI 0.12–0.74) higher mental intactness, compared with individuals without PA. Vigorous PA was not beneficial to the long-term cognitive performance. Conclusions Our study indicates that mild and moderate PA could improve cognitive performance, rather than the vigorous activity. The targeted intensity of PA might be more effective to achieve the greatest cognition improvement considering age and depressive status.

Abstract 240: Serum Cholesterol and Angiotensin-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra A Prins ◽  
Michael Hill ◽  
David Airey ◽  
Sam Nwosu ◽  
Prudhvidhar R Perati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Background Although hyperlipidemia is known to augment the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in the AngII-induced model of apolipoprotein E -/- mice, its relationship to AAA size is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between total cholesterol concentration (TC) and change (delta) in aortic diameter. Methods TC was measured in 36 male mice that underwent a 4-week infusion period with saline (n=9) or AngII (1500 ng/kg/min; n=27), along with serial measurements of pulse rate (PR), and pulse (PP), mean arterial (MAP), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) pressure. A linear mixed effect model was used to assess the relationship between all hemodynamic parameters and delta. Nonparametric and linear regression methods were used to evaluate TC in relation to delta. Results TC did not differ between AngII and control mice (Figure, bottom left) (p=0.18). The burden of atherosclerosis was greater among AngII-exposed mice versus control, but did not differ by presence or size of AAA (Figure, bottom right). None of the hemodynamic parameters were predictive of delta (SBP, p = 0.66; DBP, p = 0.66; MAP, p = 0.55; PP, p = 0.66; and PR, p = 0.39). Mean TC was higher among mice with large versus small AAA (552.6 vs. 393.5 mg/ ml, p<0.05; Figure, top right). The nonparametric smoothing line (Figure, top left) suggests a first order relationship between delta and TC (p for trend < 0.001). AngII (ß = 0.48, p < 0.001) and TC (ß = 0.0015, p = 0.003) were independent predictors in the linear model for delta. Conclusions Our findings suggest that TC is incrementally associated with AAA size. These findings may have potential clinical relevance for risk assessment in AAA patients. Figure

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Bidirectional Relations of Perceived Physical Fatigability and Physical Activity on Slower Gait Speed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujia (Susanna) Qiao ◽  
Theresa Gmelin ◽  
Sharon W Renner ◽  
Robert M Boudreau ◽  
Sarah Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Bidirectional Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Physical Activity

Abstract Background Lower physical activity levels and greater fatigability contribute independently to slower gait speed in older adults. To fully understand the bidirectional relations between physical activity and fatigability, and to inform potential intervention strategies, we examined whether physical activity or fatigability explains more of the other factor’s association on slower gait speed. Methods Two generations (probands and offspring) of older adults (N = 2079, mean age 73.0 ± 10.0 years, 54.2% women, 99.7% White) enrolled in the Long Life Family Study were assessed at Visit 2 (2014–2017). Self-reported physical activity was measured with the Framingham Physical Activity Index and perceived physical fatigability using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale. Statistical mediation analyses were conducted separately by generation with linear mixed-effect models accounting for family relatedness and adjusted for demographics, health conditions, and field center. Results Greater perceived physical fatigability explained the association of lower physical activity on slower gait speed via a 22.5% attenuation of the direct association (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.0%–35.2%) for the probands and 39.5% (95% CI: 22.8%–62.6%) for the offspring. Whereas lower physical activity explained the association of greater perceived fatigability on slower gait speed via a 22.5% attenuation of the direct association (95% CI: 13.4%–32.8%) for the probands and 6.7% (95% CI: 3.8%–15.4%) for the offspring. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the impact of greater perceived physical fatigability on the association between lower physical activity and slower gait speed differs between younger-old and middle-to-oldest-old adults, indicating perceived physical fatigability as a potential mediator in the disablement pathway.

To see or not to see: The roles of item properties and language knowledge in Chinese missing logographeme effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1139
Author(s):  
Xiuli Tong ◽  
Qinli Deng ◽  
Hélène Deacon ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Suiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Bottom Position ◽  
Language Knowledge ◽  
Item Properties ◽  
The Right ◽  
Omission Rate

AbstractThis study examined how language knowledge and item properties (i.e., semantic relatedness and position) influenced Chinese missing logographeme effects. Eighty-four Chinese readers and 53 English readers were asked to search for the Chinese logographeme 口 while reading a Chinese prose passage. The target 口 appeared in five different positions (i.e., left, right, top, bottom, or inside), varying its degree of semantic relatedness to its embedded characters. The generalized linear mixed-effect model revealed a significant interaction between semantic relatedness and position in Chinese, but not in English, readers when visual complexity and frequency were controlled. For Chinese readers, a higher omission rate occurred when 口 appeared in the top and inside positions and exhibited low semantic relatedness with its embedded characters, whereas 口 was omitted more when it was positioned on the right and exhibited high semantic relatedness to its embedded characters. English readers exhibited a different omission pattern: 口 was omitted more when it appeared in the left or right position irrespective of semantic relatedness. In addition, 口 was omitted more in the inside, rather than the bottom, position. These findings suggest that the omission rate of the logographeme is determined by item properties at the sublexical level and the reader’s language knowledge.

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