scholarly journals Zooming in and Out: A Holistic Framework for Research on Maternal, Late Fetal, and Newborn Survival and Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha S Singh ◽  
Andrea K Blanchard ◽  
Hannah Blencowe ◽  
Adam D Koon ◽  
Ties Boerma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Health ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Newborn Mortality ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Policy And Systems ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract Research is needed to understand why some countries succeed in greater improvements maternal, late fetal and newborn health and reducing mortality than others. Pathways towards these health outcomes operate at many levels, making it difficult to understand which factors contribute most to these health improvements. Conceptual frameworks provide a cognitive means of rendering order to these factors, and how they interrelate to positively influence maternal, late fetal and newborn health. We developed a conceptual framework by integrating theories and frameworks from different disciplines to encapsulate the range of factors that explain reductions in maternal, late fetal and newborn mortality and improvements in health. We developed our framework iteratively, combining our interdisciplinary research team’s knowledge, experience, and review of the literature. We present a framework that includes health policy and systems levers (or intentional actions that policy makers can implement) to improve maternal, late fetal and newborn health; service delivery and coverage of interventions across the continuum of care, and epidemiological and behavioural risk factors. The framework also considers the role of context in influencing for whom and where health and non-health efforts have the most impact, to recognise ‘the causes of the causes’ at play at the individual/household, community, national and transnational levels. Our framework holistically reflects the range of interrelated factors influencing improved maternal, late fetal and newborn health and survival. The framework lends itself to studying how different factors work together to influence these outcomes using an array of methods. Such research should inform future efforts to improve maternal, late fetal and newborn health and survival in different contexts. By re-orienting research in this way, we hope to equip policymakers and practitioners alike with the insight necessary to make the world a safer and fairer place for mothers and their babies.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CASE STUDY OF 2012 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKES ON THAILAND’S

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household, and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that disaster related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness. In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.

Teach Less and Learn More

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Ratneswary Rasiah ◽  
Sotheeswari Somasundram ◽  
Kelly Pei Leng Tee ◽  
Jason James Turner
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Technology ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Skills Gap ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Learning Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

This study aims to investigate the impact of assessments and instructional technology on a students' learning experience and the development of their graduate capabilities. In a disruptive employment market where there appears to be a mis-match between employer expectations and the graduate skill-set, the onus has fallen upon education providers to better align the capabilities taught in school with employer and employment market expectations. Using a survey-based approach to collect 118 responses, this research revealed the positive and significant roles played by assessments and technology in enhancing students' learning development of graduate capabilities, with the use of technology identified as the stronger influencer on student learning. The findings of this study are beneficial to educators and policy makers, providing insight into the individual and collective role of assessment(s) and embedding technology into the curriculum as means to address the skills gap which should inform further research into the graduate skills conundrum.

Political support for reforms of the pension system: two experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA FONTOURA GOUVEIA
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Pension System ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWe conduct two randomized control trials designed to understand the role of information and priming on the willingness to retrench the pension system. The first entails a survey to a sample of Portuguese voters, who are randomly presented with a text providing factual information about the public pension system. The second surveys a sample of Portuguese University students, randomly presented with an alternative order of questions. We show that more literacy on the pension system has a positive impact on the individual willingness to support reforms. Given that public opinion is usually seen as an important deterrent of effective action by politicians and that the level of voters’ literacy can be influenced by policy action, this analysis may provide useful insights to policy makers faced with the challenge of reforming existent pension systems. Our analysis also suggests that priming effects should not be ignored, given their impact in individuals in the extremes of the political spectrum.

scholarly journals An analysis of the impact of newborn survival policies in Pakistan using a policy triangle framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil Ahmed ◽  
Carmen Huckel Schneider ◽  
Ashraful Alam ◽  
Camille Raynes-Greenow
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Health System ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Newborn Mortality ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Pakistan has made slow progress towards reducing the newborn mortality burden; as a result, it has the highest burden of newborn mortality worldwide. This article presents an analysis of the current policies, plans, and strategies aimed at reducing the burden of newborn death in Pakistan for the purpose of identifying current policy gaps and contextual barriers towards proposing policy solutions for improved newborn health. Methods We begin with a content analysis of federal-level policies that address newborn mortality within the context of health system decentralization over the last 20 years. This is then followed by a case study analysis of policy and programme responses in a predominantly rural province of Pakistan, again within the context of broader health system decentralization. Finally, we review successful policies in comparable countries to identify feasible and effective policy choices that hold promise for implementation in Pakistan, considering the policy constraints we have identified. Results The major health policies aimed at reduction of newborn mortality, following Pakistan’s endorsement of global newborn survival goals and targets, lacked time-bound targets. We found confusion around roles and responsibilities of institutions in the implementation process and accountability for the outcomes, which was exacerbated by an incomplete decentralization of healthcare policy-making and health service delivery, particularly for women around birth, and newborns. Such wide gaps in the areas of target-setting, implementation mechanism, and evaluation could be because the policy-making largely ignored international commitments and lessons of successful policy-making in comparable regional counties. Conclusions Inclusion of clear goals and targets in newborn survival policies and plans, completion of the decentralization process of maternal and child healthcare service delivery, and policy-making and implementation by translating complex evidence and using regional but locally applicable case studies will be essential to any effective policy-making on newborn survival in Pakistan.

Active citizenship in Europe: the role of social capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Guagnano ◽  
Isabella Santini
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Capital Endowment ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show if and to what extent in the EU countries the probability of being an active citizen depends on individual/household social capital endowment, other than on individual/household socio-economic characteristics. The paper provides a deeper insight of the determinants of active citizenship due to the growing concern of the European Commission with citizens’ issues. Design/methodology/approach The core of the paper, which adopts a micro-level perspective, is an empirical analysis, based on a logistic model, of the EU-SILC 2015 survey data. Findings The statistical analysis reveals that individual/household social capital, other than individual/household socio-economic characteristics, represents an important prerequisite for a citizen to be defined as “active.” Research limitations/implications There may be a possible reverse causation between active citizenship and social capital, making this last endogenous. Therefore, results should be taken with some cautions; nevertheless, the estimated effects of the individual/household socio-economic characteristics are coherent with the literature, giving strenght to the results obtained in estimating social capital effects. Practical implications The results show that active citizenship could be enhanced by promoting “desirable” aspects of social capital through specific policies addressed to raise people’s civic and political awareness, active solidarity and connectedness and cooperation between individuals within the communities for their own benefit. Moreover, a crucial role in enhancing active citizenship can be undoubtedly played by a lifelong learning process, from school to adult age, directed to maintain and acquire skills as drivers for active citizenship. Originality/value This study fills a significant gap in the literature, since so far little attention has been paid to individual/household social capital endowment as possible determinant of active citizenship.

European Opinion About Immigration: The Role of Identities, Interests and Information

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN SIDES ◽  
JACK CITRIN
Keyword(s):  
European Social Survey ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Statistical Effect ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
The Individual

This article assesses the influence of material interests and cultural identities on European opinion about immigration. Analysis of respondents in twenty countries sampled in the 2002–03 European Social Survey demonstrates that they are unenthusiastic about high levels of immigration and typically overestimate the actual number of immigrants living in their country. At the individual level, cultural and national identity, economic interests and the level of information about immigration are all important predictors of attitudes. ‘Symbolic’ predispositions, such as preferences for cultural unity, have a stronger statistical effect than economic dissatisfaction. Variation across countries in both the level and the predictors of opposition to immigration are mostly unrelated to contextual factors cited in previous research, notably the amount of immigration into a country and the overall state of its economy. The ramifications of these findings for policy makers are discussed in the context of current debates about immigration and European integration.

Stemming, motivationele oriëntatie, fit en creativiteit: De rol van mentale activering

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs Baas ◽  
Carsten K.W. De Dreu ◽  
Bernard A. Nijstad
Keyword(s):  
Great Depth ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Mental Activation ◽  
Dual Pathway ◽  
The Individual

Mood, motivational orientation, fit, and creativity: The role of mental activation Mood, motivational orientation, fit, and creativity: The role of mental activation M. Baas, C.K.W. De Dreu, & B.A. Nijstad, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 23, March 2010, nr. 1, pp. 00-00. This article aims to increase our understanding of the ways mood and motivational states influence creativity. Based on the dual pathway to creativity model, we argue that creativity is function of flexibility (the number of content categories that is surveyed), and of persistence (the exploration of a few content categories in great depth). Second, the model argues that affective and motivational states that activate the individual (e.g., happiness, anger, fear, approach states, unsuccessful avoidance motivation) enhance creativity as compared to motivational states that deactivate the individual (e.g., sadness, relaxed state, successful avoidance). We discuss a series of experiments that support these predictions. Furthermore, the positive effects of activating states are stronger when the creativity task fits the motivational state. We end with practical implications for managers and policy makers about how to boost employee creativity.

scholarly journals MÅLTIDER SOM FAMILIE-SKABELSE OG FRISÆTTELSE

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Iversen ◽  
Lotte Holm
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Family Meal ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sociological Literature ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Individual

Trine Iversen & Lotte Holm: Meals and the Making of Family - and Individualisation In this article we discuss the role of meals in family life. In the sociological literature on food and eating the issue of meals is integrated in discussions of family life, social communities and socialisation of children and adolescents. In this empirically based article we focus on a group of Danish adults’ considerations about meals. On this basis we wish somewhat to modify the assumption which is implicit in the literature, as well as in public debate; namely, that the daily family meal is the foundation for integration of the individual household members into a group, i.e. that it is the basis for the making of the family. Our material shows that the family meal is indeed an ideal that adults strive to realise. However, adults 251 are ambigious in this endeavour, as they are very considerate about adolescents’ social activities outside the home. In faet we find that adults contribute to the process of individualisation which occurs during the teenage period, by accomodating mealtimes or accepting non-attendance at meals. The project of making the family appears to be an adult project, to which the adolescents are not expected to contribute. Rather, adults acknowledge the need and desire of adolescents to liberale themselves from the household unit.

The role of third mission orientation and motivational characteristics in young scientists’ entrepreneurial intention

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222110621
Author(s):  
Moreno Muffatto ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Francesco Ferrati ◽  
Michael Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Spillover Theory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
University Scientists ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between the individual motivational characteristics of young scientists (i.e. PhD students and post-docs) and their entrepreneurial intention, exploring also the mediating role of their third mission orientation. For this purpose, the authors considered the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship at the level of the individual and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Having university scientists as the unit of analysis, they used structural equation modelling to survey a sample of 337 young scientists working in a major Italian university. The authors were able to empirically identify the importance of third mission orientation as a mediating variable between scientists’ motivational characteristics and their entrepreneurial intention. The entrepreneurial orientation is reinforced if scientists are also engaged in third mission activities. The findings offer valuable insights for policy makers and higher education managers to develop strategies that could enhance knowledge transfer activities and produce additional benefits for universities and societies.

scholarly journals Development of Multifactor Index for Assessing Quality of Life of a Tribal Population of India: Multilevel Analysis Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagavandas m
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Multilevel Factor Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BackgroundThe main objective of this study is to develop multilevel multi-factor index to assess the quality of life of Malayali tribal population of India at the individual and village levels based on nine domains, namely, Demography, Economy, Health, Human Development, Infrastructure Development, Work Participation, Recreation, Social Capital and Self Perception. Also, an attempt is made to classify the individuals as well as villages on the basis of the overall scores of multifactor index within a community which will help policy makers to develop concrete policy recommendations for the improvement of quality of life of this tribal group.MethodMultilevel factor analysis is utilized to determine uncorrelated meaningful factors and their respective weights using Mplus software from the nested dataset consists of values of nine domains of 1096 individuals collected from 19 villages. Multilevel multifactor index is constructed using the weights of these factors. The qualities of lives of different households and of different villages are assessed using the scores of this index.ResultsThree different factors are identified at household as well as village levels. The quality of life at Households and at villages levels are classified as poor, low, moderate, good and excellent based on five quintiles of the scores of the multifactor index and the contribution of each domain in this classification is ascertained.DiscussionThis study finds that at household as well as at village levels, the quality of life of the individuals of this tribal population increases with increase in education, income and occupation status which make them to lead a healthy life and also make them to find time and money to spend on recreation. Infrastructure does not play a significant role at the house hold level whereas it is a matter at village level. ConclusionThe main purpose of developing this kind of multifactor index at different levels is to provide a tool for tribal development based on realistic data which can be used to monitor the key factors that encompass the social, health, environmental and economic dimensions of quality of lives at the individual/household and community levels of this tribal people.

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