Paternal age and maternal age are risk factors for miscarriage; results of a multicentre European study

De novo events appear more common in female and simplex autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases and may underlie greater ASD risk in older fathers’ offspring. This study examined whether advancing paternal age predicts an increase in simplex ( n = 90) versus multiplex ASD cases ( n = 587) in 677 participants (340 families). Whether or not controlling for maternal age, results support a significant interaction of linear paternal age and sex of the child on simplex family type. Female ASD cases were significantly more likely to be simplex as paternal age increased, but the increase for males was not significant. Findings suggest that ASD arising from non-familial, de novo events may be far less prominent in males than in females, even if more prevalent in males, due to the substantially larger number of male cases attributable to other, more strongly male-biased risk factors.

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Paternal age and the risk of cerebral palsy

Anthropological Review ◽

10.2478/anre-2020-0002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 31-41

Author(s):

Marta Sternal ◽

Barbara Kwiatkowska ◽

Krzysztof Borysławski ◽

Agnieszka Tomaszewska

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Medical Records ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Complex Model ◽

Paternal Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Preterm Born

AbstractIn the literature there are no unequivocal assessments of the effect of paternal age on the risk of cerebral palsy (CP). The objective of the studies was the analysis of the influence of paternal age on this risk, considering all the important risk factors and division into singleton and twin, as well as term- and preterm-born infants. The inquiry included a group of 278 children with cerebral palsy from selected education-therapeutic institutions in Poland. The control group consisted of the data from medical records of 435 neonates born in God’s Mercy Hospital in Limanowa, Poland. The data were based on a questionnaire designed to obtain information which would make it possible to ascertain the probable etiological factors. Constructed models of logistic regression were used in statistical analysis. The results were presented as the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Though the estimation with a complex model of logistic regression showed no significant effect of paternal age on the occurrence of cerebral palsy, it confirmed it as a stronger predictor compared to maternal age. Disregarding paternal of age while considering maternal age and other risk factors may lead to a bias in the estimations of the risk cerebral palsy.

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Parental breeding age effects on descendants’ longevity interact over two generations in matrilines and patrilines

10.32942/osf.io/mnx8h ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zac Wylde ◽

Foteini Spagopoulou ◽

Amy K Hooper ◽

Alexei A Maklakov ◽

Russell Bonduriansky

Keyword(s):

Maternal Age ◽

First Generation ◽

Age Effects ◽

Population Variation ◽

Paternal Age ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Competitive Environment ◽

Larval Diet ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Two Generations

Individuals within populations vary enormously in mortality risk and longevity, but the causes of this variation remain poorly understood. A potentially important and phylogenetically widespread source of such variation is maternal age at breeding, which typically has negative effects on offspring longevity. Here, we show that paternal age can affect offspring longevity as strongly as maternal age does, and that breeding age effects can interact over two generations in both matrilines and patrilines. We manipulated maternal and paternal ages at breeding over two generations in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. To determine whether breeding age effects can be modulated by the environment, we also manipulated larval diet and male competitive environment in the first generation. We found separate and interactive effects of parental and grandparental ages at breeding on descendants’ mortality rate and lifespan in both matrilines and patrilines. These breeding age effects were not modulated by grandparental larval diet quality or competitive environment. Our findings suggest that variation in maternal and paternal ages at breeding could contribute substantially to intra-population variation in mortality and longevity.

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Maternal age at birth and daughter’s fecundability

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab057 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olga Basso ◽

Sydney K Willis ◽

Elizabeth E Hatch ◽

Ellen M Mikkelsen ◽

Kenneth J Rothman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Limited Information ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Older Mothers ◽

Registration Number ◽

The Usa ◽

Competing Interest

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Do daughters of older mothers have lower fecundability? SUMMARY ANSWER In this cohort study of North American pregnancy planners, there was virtually no association between maternal age ≥35 years and daughters’ fecundability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Despite suggestive evidence that daughters of older mothers may have lower fertility, only three retrospective studies have examined the association between maternal age and daughter’s fecundability. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Prospective cohort study of 6689 pregnancy planners enrolled between March 2016 and January 2020. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) is an ongoing pre-conception cohort study of pregnancy planners (age, 21-45 years) from the USA and Canada. We estimated fecundability ratios (FR) for maternal age at the participant’s birth using multivariable proportional probabilities regression models. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Daughters of mothers ≥30 years were less likely to have previous pregnancies (or pregnancy attempts) or risk factors for infertility, although they were more likely to report that their mother had experienced problems conceiving. The proportion of participants with prior unplanned pregnancies, a birth before age 21, ≥3 cycles of attempt at study entry or no follow-up was greater among daughters of mothers <25 years. Compared with maternal age 25–29 years, FRs (95% CI) for maternal age <20, 20–24, 30–34, and ≥35 were 0.72 (0.61, 0.84), 0.92 (0.85, 1.00), 1.08 (1.00, 1.17), and 1.00 (0.89, 1.12), respectively. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although the examined covariates did not meaningfully affect the associations, we had limited information on the participants’ mother. Differences by maternal age in reproductive history, infertility risk factors and loss to follow-up suggest that selection bias may partly explain our results. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our finding that maternal age 35 years or older was not associated with daughter’s fecundability is reassuring, considering the trend towards delayed childbirth. However, having been born to a young mother may be a marker of low fecundability among pregnancy planners. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) PRESTO was funded by NICHD Grants (R21-HD072326 and R01-HD086742) and has received in-kind donations from Swiss Precision Diagnostics, FertilityFriend.com, Kindara.com, and Sandstone Diagnostics. Dr Wise is a fibroid consultant for AbbVie, Inc. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER n/a

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The relative and interactive impact of multiple risk factors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a combined register-based and clinical twin study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291721002749 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

C. Lemvigh ◽

R. Brouwer ◽

R. Hilker ◽

S. Anhøj ◽

L. Baandrup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Paternal Age ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Polygenic Risk Score ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Multiple Risk

Abstract Background Research has yielded evidence for genetic and environmental factors influencing the risk of schizophrenia. Numerous environmental factors have been identified; however, the individual effects are small. The additive and interactive effects of multiple risk factors are not well elucidated. Twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia offer a unique opportunity to identify factors that differ between patients and unaffected co-twins, who are perfectly matched for age, sex and genetic background. Methods Register data were combined with clinical data for 216 twins including monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) proband pairs (one or both twins having a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis) and MZ/DZ healthy control (HC) pairs. Logistic regression models were applied to predict (1) illness vulnerability (being a proband v. HC pair) and (2) illness status (being the patient v. unaffected co-twin). Risk factors included: A polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia, birth complications, birth weight, Apgar scores, paternal age, maternal smoking, season of birth, parental socioeconomic status, urbanicity, childhood trauma, estimated premorbid intelligence and cannabis. Results The PRS [odds ratio (OR) 1.6 (1.1–2.3)], childhood trauma [OR 4.5 (2.3–8.8)], and regular cannabis use [OR 8.3 (2.1–32.7)] independently predicted illness vulnerability as did an interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use [OR 0.17 (0.03–0.9)]. Only regular cannabis use predicted having a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis between patients and unaffected co-twins [OR 3.3 (1.1–10.4)]. Conclusion The findings suggest that several risk factors contribute to increasing schizophrenia spectrum vulnerability. Moreover, cannabis, a potentially completely avoidable environmental risk factor, seems to play a substantial role in schizophrenia pathology.

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Some Risk Factors for Low Birthweight Infants at Manado Hospital

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi35.3-4.1995.94-100 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (3-4) ◽

pp. 94-100

Author(s):

S. M. Salendu W. ◽

Sutomo Raharjo ◽

Immanuel Mustadjab ◽

Nan Warouw

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Term Infants ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽

History Of ◽

In Pregnancy

The risk factors of low birthweight infants were assessed in a retrospective study covering 3607 singleton livebirth infants at Manado Hospital from January until December 1993. The analysis confirmed that patterns of risk birthweight hypertension in pregnancy (P<0.01), maternal education (P<0.01), maternal age (P<0.05), and parity (P<0.01), marital status (P<0.01), history of abortion (P<0.05), and parity (P<0.01). Anemia in pregnancy was also associated with birthweight in low birth weight (P<0.05). Asymetric intrauterine growth retardation (Ponderal Index below 2.32) was found both in premature and term infants.

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DEFINING ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR FUNDING POLICIES AROUND IN VITRO FERTILIZATION

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462315000628 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 426-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Devidas Menon ◽

Alexa A. Nardelli ◽

Tarek Motan ◽

Kristin Klein ◽

Tania Stafinski

Keyword(s):

Maternal Age ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Paternal Age ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Funding Policies ◽

The Impact

Objectives: This review aims to assess the state of the science around the potential impact of certain patient characteristics on the safety and effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF).Methods: Following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and the PRISMA statement, a comprehensive systematic review of reviews and recent primary studies examining the impact of paternal age and maternal age, smoking, and body mass index (BMI) on the safety and effectiveness of IVF was performed. Papers, published between January 2007 and June 2014, were independently reviewed and critically appraised by two researchers using published quality assessment tools for reviews and primary studies. Due to heterogeneity across papers (different study designs and patient selection criteria), a qualitative analysis of extracted information was performed.Results: Seventeen papers (ten systematic reviews and seven primary studies) were included. They comprised evidence from retrospective observational studies in which maternal age, BMI, and smoking status were explored as part of secondary analyses of larger studies. The majority of papers found that the likelihood of achieving a pregnancy was lower among women who were >40 years, had a BMI ≥ 25 and smoked. Advanced maternal age and BMI were also associated with higher rates of preterm birth and low birth weight.Conclusions: Based on available evidence, it may be appropriate to consider “maternal age” and “morbid obesity” in public funding policies that aim to maximize the effectiveness of IVF. However, given inconsistencies in the effect of smoking across different pregnancy-related outcomes, support for incorporating it into funding conditions appears weak.

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Rectovaginal fistula: Risk factors for failure after graciloplasty—A bicentric retrospective European study of 61 patients

Colorectal Disease ◽

10.1111/codi.15673 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alice Frontali ◽

Matteo Rottoli ◽

Andrea Chierici ◽

Gilberto Poggioli ◽

Yves Panis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rectovaginal Fistula ◽

European Study

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Paternal and maternal age at pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders in offspring

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi55.6.2015.345-51 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 345 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luh Putu Rihayani Budi ◽

Mei Neni Sitaresmi ◽

I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Paternal Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Past Half Century ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Paternal Smoking

Background The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders(ASDs) has increased 10 times over the past half century,while paternal and maternal age at pregnancy has alsoincreased. Studies looking for an association between paternalor maternal age at pregnancy and ASDs in offspring have notbeen conclusive.Objective To assess for possible associations between paternaland maternal age at pregnancy and ASDs in offspring.Methods This case-control study had 50 case and 100control subjects, each case was matched for age and genderto two controls. Case subjects were obtained by consecutivesampling of patients aged 18 months to 7 years who visited theDevelopmental Behavioral & Community Pediatrics OutpatientClinic and private growth and development centers from Januaryto April 2013, while control group were children of the sameage range and same gender who visited pediatric outpatientclinic at Sanglah Hospital mostly due to acute respiratory tractinfection, without ASDs as assessed by the DSM-IV-TR criteria.We interviewed parents to collect the following data: maternaland paternal age at pregnancy, child’s birth weight, historyof asphyxia, hospital admission during the neonatal period,pathological labor, maternal smoking during pregnancy, paternalsmoking, and gestational age. Data analysis was performed withChi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.Results Multivariable analysis showed that higher paternal ageat pregnancy was associated with ASDs in offspring (OR 6.3;95%CI 2.0 to 19.3; P 0.001). However, there was no significantassociation between maternal age during pregnancy and theincidence of ASDs. Asphyxia and paternal smoking were alsoassociated with higher incidence of ASDs in the offspring (OR10.3; 95%CI 1.9 to 56.5; P 0.007 and OR 3.2; 95%CI 1.5 to 6.9;P 0.003, respectively).Conclusion􀀃􀀳􀁄􀁗􀁈􀁕􀁑􀁄􀁏􀀃􀁄􀁊􀁈􀀃􀂕􀀗􀀓􀀃􀁜􀁈􀁄􀁕􀁖􀀃􀁌􀁑􀁆􀁕􀁈􀁄􀁖􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁕􀁌􀁖􀁎􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀤􀀶'􀁖􀀃in offspring by 6.3 times. In addition, paternal smoking increased the risk of ASDs in offspring by 3.2 times and asphyxia increasedthe risk of ASDs in offspring by 10.3 times.

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Impact of High-Risk Fertility Behaviour on Under-five Mortality in Asia and Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29205/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rafi Amir-ud-Din ◽

Lubna Naz ◽

Anila Rubi ◽

Muhammad Usman ◽

Umesh Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High Risk ◽

Birth Order ◽

Birth Interval ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Index Child ◽

Under Five ◽

Fertility Behaviour

Abstract Background: Smaller or older maternal age, smaller inter-pregnancy birth interval, and higher birth order of the child are considered to be high-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB). Under-five mortality being disproportionately concentrated in Asia and Africa, this study analyses the association between HRFB and under-five mortality in selected Asian and African countries. Methods: This study used Integrated Public Microdata Series-Demographic and Health Surveys (IPUMS-DHS) data from 32 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia from 1986 to 2017 (N=1,467,728). Previous evidence hints at four markers of HRFB: women's age at the birth of index child <18 years or >34 years, smaller preceding birth interval (PBI) <24 months, and child's birth order >3. Using logistic regression, we analysed the change in the odds of under-five mortality as a result of i) exposure to HRFB individually, ii) exposure to any single HRFB risk factor, iii) exposure to multiple HRFB risk factors, and iv) exposure to specific combinations of HRFB risk factors. Results: Mother's age at the birth of index child <18 years and preceding birth interval (PBI) <24 months were significant risk factors of under-five mortality, while a child's birth order >3 was a protective factor against under-five mortality. Presence of any single HRFB was associated with 1.067 times higher risk of under-five mortality (OR = 1.067; 95% CI: 1.042 - 1.090; P < 0.001). Presence of multiple HRFBs was associated with 1.392 times higher risk of under-five mortality (OR = 1.392; 95% CI: 1.355 - 1.431; P < 0.001). Some specific combinations of risky fertility behaviour such as younger maternal age (<18 years) and smaller preceding birth interval (PBI <24) significantly increased the odds of under-five mortality.Conclusion: Younger maternal age and small preceding birth interval significantly increase the risk of under-five mortality. This highlights the need for effective legislation to curb child marriages and increased public investment in reproductive healthcare with a focus on higher contraceptive use for an optimal interpregnancy interval.

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