scholarly journals Thermoprofile Parameters Affect Survival of Megachile rotundata During Exposure to Low-Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1089-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D Yocum ◽  
Joseph P Rinehart ◽  
Arun Rajamohan ◽  
Julia H Bowsher ◽  
Kathleen M Yeater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Megachile Rotundata ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Delayed Emergence ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Insects exposed to low temperature stress can experience chill injury, but incorporating fluctuating thermoprofiles increases survival and blocks the development of sub-lethal effects. The specific parameters required for a protective thermoprofile are poorly understood, because most studies test a limited range of thermoprofiles. For example, thermoprofiles with a wave profile may perform better than a square profile, but these two profiles are rarely compared. In this study, two developmental stages of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, eye-pigmented pupae, and emergence-ready adults, were exposed to one of eight thermoprofiles for up to 8 weeks. All the thermoprofiles had a base of 6°C and a peak temperature of either 12°C or 18°C. The duration at peak temperature varied depending on the shape of the thermoprofile, either square or wave form. Two other treatments acted as controls, a constant 6°C and a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) with a base temperature of 6°C that was interrupted daily by a single, 1-h pulse at 20°C. Compared with constant 6°C, all the test thermoprofiles significantly improved survival. Compared with the FTR control, the thermoprofiles with a peak temperature of 18°C outperformed the 12°C profiles. Bees in the eye-pigmented stage exposed to the 18°C profiles separated into two groups based on the shape of the profile, with higher survival in the square profiles compared with the wave profiles. Bees in the emergence-ready stage exposed to 18°C profiles all had significantly higher survival than bees in the FTR controls. Counter to expectations, the least ecologically relevant thermoprofiles (square) had the highest survival rates and blocked the development of sub-lethal effects (delayed emergence).

Demography and sexual size dimorphism in northern water snakes, Nerodia sipedon

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P Brown ◽  
Patrick J Weatherhead
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Nerodia Sipedon ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Mortality Cost ◽  
Northern Water Snakes ◽  
Water Snakes ◽  
Better Than

We used data from a 9-year mark-recapture study to determine whether demographic factors could explain female-biased sexual size dimorphism in northern water snakes (Nerodia sipedon). Most males reached sexual maturity at 3 years of age, while most females delayed maturity for an additional year. Female survivorship was not significantly lower than that of males, despite the fact that females grow as much as four times faster than males. Among females, survivorship increased until maturity and decreased thereafter, suggesting a survival cost to reproduction. Life-table calculations indicated that the increase in both survival rates and fecundity with body size made 3 years the optimal age for females to reach sexual maturity. However, if females were not large enough at 3 years of age, their best strategy was to mature the following year. Seasonal patterns of mortality suggest that mating imposes a high mortality cost on males. Intermediate-sized males survived slightly but not significantly better than small and large males. This slight survival advantage of intermediate-sized males was not sufficient to explain why males are so much smaller than females. Therefore other selective factors must be responsible for males retaining a small size. A reproductive advantage associated with small size seems the most likely possibility.

Effect of Four Presumptive Coliform Test Media, Incubation Time and Product Inoculum Size on Recovery of Coliforms from Dairy Products

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. COOKE ◽  
M. A. JORGENSEN ◽  
A. B. MacDONALD
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Media Comparison ◽  
Better Than

The need to consider the interrelationship of relevant procedural parameters in media comparison studies has been shown. In this study, the influence of media-type on recovery of coliforms from dairy products was found to be of less importance than the effects of incubation time and inoculum size. Statistically significant media-type effects were found, however, and these contrasted with the observations of other workers in that bile-salt-based media performed better than chemically-defined media. These findings indicate that media studies too specifically designed may yield conclusions with limited range of application.

Investigation of Performance of Fins Geometry on a Vertical Cylinder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagendra P. Yadav ◽  
Ayush Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Vertical Cylinder ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Natural Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Power Inputs ◽  
Measurement Location ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This paper focuses the prediction of the performance of fins having different geometry on a vertical cylinder in natural convection heat transfer. The extensive experimental investigations are performed for different geometrical profile of fins. The hollow cylindrical base having the same fins on their periphery with variable numbers 6 to 18. The temperature measurement was done at different location on the base of cylindrical surface as well as on the surface of the fins. The temperature behaviors for various fins are discussed with power. The measurement was done after justification of the steady state. The temperature is decreases with measurement location from base to tip of fin. As per the variation of base temperature and thermal resistance, semiconvex profile of fin is better than other geometry of fin. The Nusselt number is higher at low power input and less number of fins. The variation in temperature for different power inputs and geometry of fin and the numbers of fin help us to design fins which can be used up in advanced semiconductors in the newest technology because the cooling of those devices is a major challenge to the industries and researchers.

LMCE3 Treatment Strategy: Results in 99 Consecutively Diagnosed Stage 4 Neuroblastomas in Children Older Than 1 Year at Diagnosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Frappaz ◽  
J. Michon ◽  
C. Coze ◽  
C. Berger ◽  
E. Plouvier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Consolidation Therapy ◽  
French Society ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Better Than

PURPOSE: To tailor postinduction therapy for stage 4 neuroblastoma in children who are older than 1 year at diagnosis according to status after induction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1987 to December 1992, 99 patients who were consecutively admitted were included in the Lyon-Marseille-Curie East of France (LMCE)3 strategy. After induction with the French Society of Pediatric Oncology NB87 regimen and surgery, patients who were in complete remission immediately proceeded to consolidation therapy with vincristine, melphalan, and fractionated total-body irradiation (VMT). All other patients underwent a postinduction strategy before VMT, either an additional megatherapy regimen or further chemotherapy with etoposide/carboplatin. RESULTS: The progression-free survival (PFS) is 29% at 7 years from diagnosis, which compares favorably with that of a similar cohort of 72 patients previously reported by our group (LMCE1; PFS of 20% at 5 years and 8% at 14 years, P = .004). In the multivariate analysis, only age younger than 3 years at diagnosis (P = .0085) and achievement of complete or very good partial remission after NB87 and surgery (P = .00024) remained significant. The PFS of the 87 patients who were included in the postinduction strategy was significantly better than that of the comparable 62 patients on the LMCE1 study (32% v 11% at 7 years; P = .005). CONCLUSION: The progressive improvements in the LMCE results over the last 10 years suggest that improvements in supportive care measures and increases in each component of this strategy (induction, postinduction, consolidation) may all contribute to increased survival rates.

scholarly journals How to use new biology to guide therapy in multiple myeloma

Hematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Morgan ◽  
Martin F. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Molecular Subgroups ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Recent advances in multiple myeloma (MM) therapy have led to significantly longer median survival rates and some patients being cured. At the same time, our understanding of MM biology and the molecular mechanisms driving the disease is constantly improving. Next-generation sequencing technologies now allow insights into the genetic aberrations in MM at a genome-wide scale and across different developmental stages in the course of an individual tumor. This improved knowledge about MM biology needs to be rapidly translated and transformed into diagnostic and therapeutic applications to finally achieve cure in a larger proportion of patients. As a part of these translational efforts, novel drugs that inhibit oncogenic proteins overexpressed in defined molecular subgroups of the disease, such as FGFR3 and MMSET in t(4;14) MM, are currently being developed. The potential of targeted next-generation diagnostic tests to rapidly identify clinically relevant molecular subgroups is being evaluated. The technical tools to detect and define tumor subclones may potentially become clinically relevant because intraclonal tumor heterogeneity has become apparent in many cancers. The emergence of different MM subclones under the selective pressure of treatment is important in MM, especially in the context of maintenance therapy and treatment for asymptomatic stages of the disease. Finally, novel diagnostic and therapeutic achievements have to be implemented into innovative clinical trial strategies with smaller trials for molecularly defined high-risk patients and large trials with a long follow-up for the patients most profiting from the current treatment protocols. These combined approaches will hopefully transform the current one-for-all care into a more tailored, individual therapeutic strategy for MM patients.

Improved method for making high-affinity sections of soft tissue embedded in polyethylene glycol (PEG): its use in screening monoclonal antibodies.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1237-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Bard ◽  
A S Ross
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 1000 ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Mouse Antibody ◽  
Better Than

This article describes improvements in the immunohistologic technique for embedding highly hydrated embryonic tissue in polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG)--a water-soluble wax of melting point 39 degrees C--and compares the PEG sections with frozen and polyester-wax sections. The main improvement ensures that relatively large PEG sections (8 X 3 mm) stretch out and adhere well to slides: a coat of albumen and glycerine is dried onto the slides and a fresh coat applied just before use. The embedding, sectioning, and mounting procedures, which are considerably faster than those for wax processing, have been developed for screening monoclonal antibodies against the differentiated neural crest cells in the anterior eyes of 9-day-old chick embryos. PEG sections of such eyes were a little fragile, but showed good cellular detail, similar to or better than in wax sections and considerably better than in frozen sections. The responses of PEG sections to the antibodies were far stronger than those of wax and marginally better than those of frozen sections. In one experiment using 125I-labeled rabbit anti-mouse antibody on sections previously treated with antibodies or antisera, PEG sections bound about five times as much label as wax sections and approximately 30% more than frozen sections. The main limitation of the technique is that, because of the softness of PEG, it only works well for embedding a limited range of tissues. Such PEG sections may, however, be useful for in situ hybridization as well as for immunohistochemistry.

Hypofractionated therapy versus conventional fractionated radiotherapy in elderly patients with glioblastoma multiforme

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12529-12529
Author(s):  
H. Elshenshawy ◽  
A. Abd El-Razek ◽  
H. Bader
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Fractionated Radiotherapy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Short Course Radiotherapy ◽  
Better Than

12529 Background: To evaluate efficacy of short- course radiotherapy(RT) in elderly (>60years) patients with glioblastoma multiforme(GBM), and compare this biological similar short -course radiotherapy with a standard radiotherapy Methods: Forty-four elderly patients with GBM were randomly assigned after surgery to receive either a short-course of radiotherapy (45 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks ) or standard radiotherapy (60 Gy in 30 fractions over 6weeks) to a target volume described as tumor visible on CT scan and a 2- cm margin . The primary end point was overall survival. Results: The overall response rate and median duration of response were 60%and 8.5 months in short- course RT versus 65% and 8 months in standard RT . Improvement in pretreatment performance status and increase in post- treatment corticosteroid dosage were observed in 50% and 25% in short- course RT versus 40% and 50% in standard RT (P=0.09, P=0.031) respectively. Median survival time was 5.9 months in short-course RT versus 5.6 months in standard RT . Six months, 1-year survival and progression-free survival rates were 40%, 15% and 30% ,10% in short- course RT versus 45%, 10% and 35% , 5% in standard RT , respectively. In both treatment groups, females did significantly better than males, patients with KPS 60–70 did significantly better than those with KPS 50 , patients having tumors 4–5 cm did significantly better than those with tumors 6–8 cm as well as did those with more radical surgery when compared to those with biopsy only. On multivariate analysis , only tumor size and extent of surgery were found to independently influence survival. Acute toxicity was generally assessed as mild in the two treatment groups. While RT -induced brain necrosis appeared only in one patient received short- course RT, but this patient died from tumor recurrence. Conclusions: Hypofractionated RT is feasible and safe treatment for elderly patients with GBM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with high-risk extremity and truncal sarcomas: A 10-year follow-up study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10058-10058
Author(s):  
Nicole Jannelle Look Hong ◽  
Francis J Hornicek ◽  
David C. Harmon ◽  
Edwin Choy ◽  
Yen-Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Median Tumor Size ◽  
Recent Cohort ◽  
Better Than

10058 Background: Patients with high-risk extremity and truncal soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are at considerable risk for recurrence. A regimen of preoperative mesna, doxorubucin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), ifosfamide, and dacarbazine (MAID), interdigitated with radiotherapy (RT), followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy with or without RT, has demonstrated high rates of local and distant control. The goal of this series is to study outcomes of our most recent cohort of patients treated on this regimen. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 55 consecutive patients with STS of the extremity or superficial trunk who completed all phases of treatment at our institution from January 2000–July 2011. Clinicopathologic characteristics and patient outcomes were analyzed. Results: Fifty-five patients were analyzed and had a median age of 53 years (range 18-73). The median tumor size was 10.1cm (range 2.5-35.5 cm). Twenty-seven (49%) and 28 (51%) patients had grade 2 and 3 tumors, respectively. Margins were negative in 49 (89%) patients, and positive in 6 (11%) patients. At a median follow-up of 43 months, there were 7 (13%) locoregional, and 17 (31%) distant recurrences. The local and distant 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 92% and 64%, respectively. The 5-year overall (OS) and disease-specific survival rates were 86% and 89%, respectively. There were no treatment-related deaths or secondary myelodysplasias. There were no significant predictors of OS or RFS. Conclusions: Outcomes of a contemporary cohort of patients with extremity and truncal STS treated with an intense regimen of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery are consistent with previous reports from our institution and better than reports of chemotherapy alone. [Table: see text]

A High-Speed Analogue Multiplier

SIMULATION ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Ratio Dependent ◽  
Space Ratio ◽  
Better Than

A transistor multiplier using the variable area wave form method is described. A bandwidth of 10kc/s and an accuracy better than 1 per cent are obtained using medium-speed switching transistors. A long-tailed pair circuit varies the emitter currents of a symmetrical emitter-coupled multivibrator, which generates a pair of anti-phase rectangular waveforms, with a mark-to-space ratio dependent upon one multiplicand. A voltage dependent upon the other multiplicand is applied to two switches controlled by the waveforms from the multivibrator. The outputs of these switches are combined and smoothed to give the required product.

DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF AXENICALLY REARED MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLES, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
H. S. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetles ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Pine Beetles

AbstractThe development and survival of mountain pine beetles axenically reared on standardized diet at 8 constant temperatures (10°–35 °C) were observed. At 32 °and 35 °C, 22 and 18% of the eggs hatched and all larvae died within 10 d of hatching. At the lower temperatures, 60–70% of the eggs hatched. The highest survival for all developmental stages was at 24 °C. At 10° and 15 °C development of all beetles reared in bolts of lodgepole pine or on axenic diet stopped when larvae were fully developed, whereas at 24 °and 27 °C all of the beetles developed normally to the adult stage. Larvae that had stopped developing during rearing at 15 °C resumed development after being transferred to 24 °C, indicating that pupation was limited by temperature. Although mean development times to the larval, pupal, and adult stages all decreased with increasing incubation temperature, heat-unit requirements above a base temperature of 5.6 °C were lowest for individuals reared at 27 °and 24 °C for all developmental stages. At these temperatures, an estimated average of 673 and 674 degree-days above 5.6 °C were required for development from egg to the tanned (dark) adult stage, respectively. The average widths of the prothorax and the sex ratios of axenic beetles were within published ranges. Mean development times and heat-unit requirements at constant temperatures for development to various life stages agreed well with published field and laboratory studies from western Canada.

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