scholarly journals The short-term impacts of implementing catch quotas and a discard ban on English North Sea otter trawlers

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1266-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet M. Condie ◽  
Thomas L. Catchpole ◽  
Alastair Grant
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fishing Practices

Abstract A key objective of the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy reforms is the elimination of discards and a reduction in unwanted catches. Combining a discard ban with catch quotas, where all fish, independent of size, count towards quotas could create economic incentives for more selective fishing, reducing unwanted catches. We use fishing activities data from English North Sea otter trawlers to examine the impact of these measures on this fleet. Initial impacts depend on the scale of increase and distribution of quotas and are unevenly distributed, depending on catch and discard characteristics of vessels. Selective fishing will be rewarded as vessels that currently have low discards could increase catches and profits. Fishing by less selective vessels will be curtailed, reducing profits by 1–14%. This could be partially mitigated through reducing regulated catches but will require changes to fishing patterns as using currently available selective fishing gears may impact on profitability. So, catch quotas and a discard ban create strong incentives for more selective fishing practices, but also for non-compliance with full documentation of catches. A high level of monitoring and enforcement will be required to ensure that fishers improve profitability through more selective fishing practices rather than illegal discarding.

Gas Developments in Europe

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
D. J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gas Supply

Natural gas is an important component of the European energy mix and the impact of North Sea developments will assure substantial supplies for the future. In European countries, indexing gas prices has meant that in periods of declining oil prices gas has been uncompetitive and short-term prospects have been constrained. In the long term the Troll / Sleipner development will transform the European gas supply and encourage more extensive use both residentially and industrially. Some antinuclear sentiment and endeavours to deal with the acid rain problem could encourage gas use in the long term. European gas sales would be helped by a more flexible marketing system and a de-indexed pricing mechanism.

scholarly journals Dallas Refugee Engagement Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Spring 2019) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Landreneau ◽  
Kovan Barzani ◽  
Uroob Haris ◽  
Lawrence Jiang ◽  
Michael Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Public Equity ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Humanitarian Work ◽  
Insight Into

The full capabilities of well-structured project management are rarely realized outside of the scope of the respective profession. The tools and skills in which project managers specialize are furthermore often considered in high-level business contexts, but are far less remembered as crucial components to many other endeavors. This project portfolio serves as an insight into the structure and process of managing a short-term social awareness project and an exploration and application of various project management tools. It also provides a review of the success of implementing sound project management toward humanitarian work on a community level. Public Equity, the team of university students behind this project and report, ultimately hopes to inspire others to learn how they may increase the impact of their community work through strong planning and goal setting.

Experiential Learning by Business Students on Short Term Study Tours

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Study Tour ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

This study incorporates a qualitative, case study based approach to analyze the impact of a short domestic study tour on business students of a Mumbai based college. The methods for data collection were structured questionnaires, feedback forms, interviews, focus groups, and work diaries. Short and economical study tours within the country have succeeded tremendously in their objective and have provided a very high level of learning experiences. There is strong evidence of experiential learning which seem to produce a significant, almost magical, impact on students.

scholarly journals High Temperature Alters Secondary Metabolites and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Heracleum sosnowskyi

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4756
Author(s):  
Anna Rysiak ◽  
Sławomir Dresler ◽  
Agnieszka Hanaka ◽  
Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak ◽  
Maciej Strzemski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Due to global warming, invasive species have spread across the world. We therefore studied the impact of short-term (1 day or 2 days) and longer (7 days) heat stress on photosynthesis and secondary metabolites in Heracleum sosnowskyi, one of the important invasive species in the European Union. H. sosnowskyi leaves exposed to short-term heat stress (35 °C/1 d) showed a decrease in chlorophyll and maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) compared to control, 35 °C/2 d, or 30 °C/7 d treatments. In turn, the high level of lipid peroxidation and increased H2O2 accumulation indicated that the 30 °C/7 d stress induced oxidative damage. The contents of xanthotoxin and bergapten were elevated in the 2 d and 7 d treatments, while isopimpinellin was detected only in the heat-stressed plants. Additionally, the levels of free proline and anthocyanins significantly increased in response to high temperature, with a substantially higher increase in the 7 d (30 °C) treatment. The results indicate that the accumulation of proline, anthocyanins, and furanocoumarins, but not of phenolic acids or flavonols, contributes to protection of H. sosnowskyi plants against heat stress. Further studies could focus on the suppression of these metabolites to suppress the spread of this invasive species.

scholarly journals Formation Prediction of Pre-Nosological Mental Disorders in Combatants

2019 ◽  
pp. 04-08
Author(s):  
Suhorukov A ◽  
Ichitovkina E ◽  
Soloviev A
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Clinically formed borderline mental disorders (BMD) in combatants have a lower prevalence in contrast to pre-clinical mental disorders. Blurred diagnostic criteria do not allow to classify short-term disorders of mental adaptation requiring therapy as BMD. In order to develop a model for predicting the formation of pre-clinical mental disorders (PMD) in combatants, the analysis of personal characteristics of 649 combatants was carried out. Among 311 people, in anamnesis, PMD with increased anxiety, dissomnia, instability of the emotional background were detected, in 338 people these states and other violations of mental adaptation were not recorded. Four years after participation in the fighting, according to Kotenev’s methodology and the Bass-Darky test, the combatants showed signs of maladaptation and a high level of physical aggression. On the basis of the obtained data, the model of forecasting the formation of PMD in combatants with the use of logistic regression by forced input of variables is calculated. It was found that the risk of PMD formation in combatants increases with a decrease in the indicator of the scale "symptoms of invasion" and with an increase in the parameters on the scales "symptoms of hyperactivity", "distress and maladaptation", "the presence of signs of post-traumatic stress disorder", "physical aggression" and "verbal aggression". This shows that PMD occurs more often in combatants with increased excitability in everyday life and a high level of physical aggression, while the symptoms of reliving a traumatic event are not a trigger factor for the formation of neurotic disorders. The use of this technique in medical and psychological combatant for the prevention of the formation of PMD is proposed. Formed borderline mental disorders (BMD) in combatants have a lower prevalence in contrast to disorders of the pre-nosological level [3]. The growth of adverse mental states, including pre-nosological mental disorders (PMD) in combatants is observed worldwide, which is probably associated with an increase in the number of local armed conflicts [8]. PMD have an uncertain prognosis, both in terms of recovery and in the formation of nosological forms [2]. This issue is often discussed in the medical literature, but vague diagnostic criteria do not allow to classify as formed BMD short-term disorders of mental adaptation that appear spontaneously - often against the background of the impact of trigger stimuli [4] At the same time, in the absence of therapy, they lead to a change in the personal structure and a violation of the quality of life of combatants [5, 6]. This puts before psychiatrists the task of developing new methodological and psycho-diagnostic approaches to both psycho-prophylactic examinations and treatment of this contingent [7]. Keywords: Combatants; Pre-nosological mental disorders; Prognosis model

scholarly journals The Effect of Job Insecurity and Life Uncertainty on Everyday Consumptions and Broader Life Projects during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5363
Author(s):  
Antonio Chirumbolo ◽  
Antonino Callea ◽  
Flavio Urbini
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Life Projects

Contemporary society is characterized by a high level of uncertainty in many domains of everyday life. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a deep economic crisis, exacerbating worldwide feelings of uncertainty and precarity. Individuals with insecure jobs have (and will) probably suffered the most from this situation. Workers with higher job insecurity have poorer psychological and physical health, display more negative work attitudes and are less satisfied about their life. However, much less is known about the impact of job insecurity and life uncertainty on consumer behavior. Using the Conservation of Resources theory as a framework, the present study examines a model in which job insecurity and life uncertainty would have a negative effect on everyday consumptions and broader life projects of individuals. Data collection was conducted in Italy in June and July 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic, in the immediate aftermath of the national lockdown. In a sample of 830 workers, the results of a mediation analysis showed that job insecurity and life uncertainty had a detrimental impact of consumer behaviors, since they were significantly associated with higher propensity to sacrifice and reduce everyday short-term consumptions (e.g., buying food) and greater perceived unaffordability of broader long-term life projects (e.g., buying a house).

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

ПРАГМАТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ НАТИВНОЇ РЕКЛАМИ: ФОРМИ, ТРЕНДИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ НАТИВНОГО КОНТЕНТУ В СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ FACEBOOK ЩОДО БРЕНДА ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ЖУРНАЛІСТИКИ ЗНУ)

2020 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
V. Kovpak ◽  
N. Trotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Social ◽  
National University ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

<div><p><em>The article analyzes the peculiarities of the format of native advertising in the media space, its pragmatic potential (in particular, on the example of native content in the social network Facebook by the brand of the journalism department of ZNU), highlights the types and trends of native advertising. The following research methods were used to achieve the purpose of intelligence: descriptive (content content, including various examples), comparative (content presentation options) and typological (types, trends of native advertising, in particular, cross-media as an opportunity to submit content in different formats (video, audio, photos, text, infographics, etc.)), content analysis method using Internet services (using Popsters service). And the native code for analytics was the page of the journalism department of Zaporizhzhya National University on the social network Facebook. After all, the brand of the journalism department of Zaporozhye National University in 2019 celebrates its 15th anniversary. The brand vector is its value component and professional training with balanced distribution of theoretical and practical blocks (seven practices), student-centered (democratic interaction and high-level teacher-student dialogue) and integration into Ukrainian and world educational process (participation in grant programs).</em></p></div><p><em>And advertising on social networks is also a kind of native content, which does not appear in special blocks, and is organically inscribed on one page or another and unobtrusively offers, just remembering the product as if «to the word». Popsters service functionality, which evaluates an account (or linked accounts of one person) for 35 parameters, but the main three areas: reach or influence, or how many users evaluate, comment on the recording; true reach – the number of people affected; network score – an assessment of the audience’s response to the impact, or how far the network information diverges (how many share information on this page).</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> nativeness, native advertising, branded content, special project, communication strategy.</em></p>

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