Ecological and economic effects of the landing obligation evaluated using a quantitative ecosystem approach: a Mediterranean case study

Abstract The reformed Common Fisheries Policy [Regulation (EU) 1380/2013] introduces the obligation to land unwanted catches gradually from 2015 to 2019 with the aim to reduce discards. The ecological and economic consequences of this controversial regulation are evaluated here using an ecosystem model for the North-Eastern Adriatic Sea to quantify the long-term stocks’ biomass, landings, and fisheries revenues under future scenarios with and without landing obligation. Results indicate that landings will increase by +13%, causing an increase in fishermen workload, reduction of biomasses at sea (∼−0.20%) for species of both commercial and non-commercial interest, thus a small decrease in fisheries revenue (∼−0.50%). Selling landed unwanted catches for fishmeal production will not compensate the economic losses. Additional adaptation scenarios were tested: (i) introduction of quotas for small pelagics, (ii) reduction of effort for bottom trawlers, (iii) improvement of gear selectivity, and (iv) a combination of (i) and (iii). Improving selectivity and introducing quotas resulted the best alternative but none of the adaptation scenarios compensated the adverse effects of the landing obligation, suggesting that this management measure has ecological and economic negative effects in systems where fisheries are not regulated by quota such as the Mediterranean Sea.

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Black Sea coastal forecasting system

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-8-183-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 183-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. I. Kubryakov ◽

G. K. Korotaev ◽

V. L. Dorofeev ◽

Y. B. Ratner ◽

A. Palazov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coastal Zone ◽

Black Sea ◽

Ecosystem Model ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Western Basin ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern ◽

The Crimea ◽

Forecasting System ◽

System Project

Abstract. The Black Sea coastal nowcasting and forecasting system was built within the framework of EU FP6 ECOOP (European COastalshelf sea OPerational observing and forecasting system) project for five regions: the south-western basin along the coasts of Bulgaria and Turkey, the north-western shelf along the Romanian and Ukrainian coasts, coastal zone around of the Crimea peninsula, the north-eastern Russian coastal zone and the coastal zone of Georgia. The system operates in the real-time mode during the ECOOP project and afterwards. The forecasts include temperature, salinity and current velocity fields. Ecosystem model operates in the off-line mode near the Crimea coast.

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Combined analyses reveal environmentally driven changes in the North Sea ecosystem and raise questions regarding what makes an ecosystem model’s performance credible?

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2013-0173 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 31-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Steven Mackinson

Keyword(s):

Primary Production ◽

North Sea ◽

Ecosystem Model ◽

Ecosystem Approach ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Fish Stock ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Sea Temperature ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea

When an ecosystem model of the North Sea is calibrated to data from multiple trophic levels, the model estimated the primary production required to support the food web correlates temporally with observed changes in sea temperature and nutrient levels, supporting evidence from empirical analyses. However, a different result is given from an alternative calibration using fish stock data only. The inference taken from the emergent primary production – temperature relationship and empirical data are that, on balance, there is stronger overall evidence to support the calibration constrained at multiple trophic levels. Two important implications of the findings are (i) that the relative importance of fishing and environmental effects is likely to be interpreted differently depending on the calibration approach and (ii) the contrasting model calibrations would give different responses to fishing policies. It raises questions regarding how to judge the performance (and credibility) of an ecosystem model and the critical importance of conducting empirical and modelling analyses in parallel. Adopting a combined approach to ecosystem modelling is an important step in the pursuit of operational and defensible tools to support the ecosystem approach to management.

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The economic consequences of a fuel levy reform in South Africa

South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences ◽

10.4102/sajems.v12i3.219 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 280-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ramos Mabugu ◽

Margaret Chitiga ◽

Hammed Amusa

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Government Revenue ◽

Lower Income ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Potential Source ◽

Fiscal System ◽

Negative Effect

This paper assesses the economic effects of a hypothetical fuel levy imposed by South African provinces. The welfare effects of increasing the fuel levy by 10 per cent are negative but very small. Similarly, the marginal excess burdens for efficiency and equity (poverty) are quite low, suggesting much smaller impacts of the intervention on both economic activity and equity. Furthermore, a fiscal policy reform that raises fuel levy by 10 per cent is progressive as it has stronger negative effects on higher income households than the lower income households. A potential source of instability for the macroeconomy and total government revenue is the negative effect on economic activity induced by the fuel levy increase. The remedies suggested are that policymakers should make tax room elsewhere in the intergovernmental fiscal system to accommodate the fuel levy increase.

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Environmental Impacts Assessment of Chromium Minings in Bulqiza Area, Albania

European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.26417/ejis.v3i4.p35-41 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Elizabeta Susaj ◽

Enkelejda Kucaj ◽

Erald Laçi ◽

Lush Susaj

Keyword(s):

Local Institutions ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The North ◽

The Earth ◽

North Eastern ◽

The World ◽

The City ◽

North Eastern Part ◽

Chromite Mining ◽

Soil And Water

Bulqiza District is the largest chromium source, ranked fourth in the world for chrome reserves. It lays in the north-eastern part of Albania, 330-1800 m a.s.l, with 728 km² area, between 41o30’43.1N and 20o14’56.21E. There are 136 entities with chromium extraction activity and around the city of Bulqiza (2.6 km² and 13000 inhabitants), there are 33 entities. The aim of the study was the identification of the environmental state and environmental impact assessment of chromium extraction (chromite mining) and giving recommendations to minimize the negative effects of this activity. Field observations, questionnaires, chemical analysis of soil and water, meetings and interviews with central and local institutions as well as with residents were used for the realization of the study. The obtained results showed that chromium extraction causes numerous irreversible degradation of the environment in the Bulqiza area, such as the destruction of surface land layers and erosion, destruction of flora and fauna, soil and water pollution, health problems, unsustainable use and reduction of chromium reserves, etc. The inert waste that emerges after the chromium partition is discharged to the earth surface without any regularity, covering the surface of the soil and flora, leading to irreversible degradation of the environment. Most of the mining entities do not respect the contracts and environmental permit issued by the Ministry of Energy and Industry (MEI).

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The consequences of ageing for the Polish economy

VUZF Review ◽

10.38188/2534-9228.21.4.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 157-163

Author(s):

Irena Brukwicka ◽

Iwona Dudzik

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Ageing Society ◽

Care For The Elderly ◽

Central Statistical ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Polish Economy

The ageing of population, as well as the expected decline resulting from the demographic changes, may have a negative effect on the economy, burdening national budgets. Poland has been among 30 demographically old countries in the world for years, and the ageing of the population has already begun in the early 1970s (Majdzińska A., 2015). The subject of the study is the economic effects of ageing society in Poland. The aim of the article is to present the economic consequences of ageing in Poland. The data from the Central Statistical Office on the demographic situation in Poland are used in the article. The ageing of the population is perceived as the dominant demographic process reflecting changes in the age structure of the population and the growth in the general elderly population. Therefore, the task of the state policy is to ensure the most optimal development for ageing population. The ageing of society imposes many tasks for social policy, including pension deficits, increase in healthcare service costs and care for the elderly, as well as slowing down in economic growth in the context of increasing social costs (P. Błędowski, 2012). Human ageing is a natural process, and at the same time, it has become a subject of interest among researchers working in various scientific environments. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly observe changes and undertake extensive discussions in this regard. It goes without saying that the course of aging process and its consequences require increased attention from experts and politicians. It is necessary to take up-to-date actions that will mitigate the negative effects in the future.

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Black Sea coastal forecasting systems

Ocean Science Discussions ◽

10.5194/osd-8-1055-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1055-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. I. Kubryakov ◽

G. K. Korotaev ◽

V. L. Dorofeyev ◽

Yu. B. Ratner ◽

A. Palazov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coastal Zone ◽

Black Sea ◽

Ecosystem Model ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Western Basin ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern ◽

The Crimea ◽

Forecasting System ◽

Crimea Peninsula

Abstract. The Black Sea coastal nowcasting and forecasting system was built within the framework of EU FP6 ECOOP project for five regions: the south-western basin along the coasts of Bulgaria and Turkey, the North-Western shelf along the Romanian and Ukrainian coasts, coastal zone around of the Crimea peninsula, the north-eastern Russian coastal zone and the coastal zone of Georgia. The system operates in the real-time mode during the ECOOP project and afterwards. The forecasts include temperature, salinity and current velocity fields. Ecosystem model operates in the off-line mode near the Crimea coast.

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Integrated Management of Land, Water and Bioresources for Sustainable Agriculture in North Eastern Region of India

Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources ◽

10.33002/nr2581.6853.040210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 136-150

Author(s):

Sanjay-Swami

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Ecosystem Approach ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Local Conditions ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern ◽

Land Water

The ecosystem approach is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. There is no single way to implement the ecosystem approach, as it depends on local, provincial, national, regional or global conditions. The North Eastern Region (NER) of India represents three geographies (East Himalayas, Brahmaputra Valley, and North East Hills) and covers about 7.7 percent of the total geographic area of India. Around 56 percent of the cultivated area of the NER is under low altitude (valley or lowland), 33 percent under mid-altitude (flat upland), and the rest under high altitude (upland terrace). The environment, local conditions, socio-economic and socio-cultural life of different tribal communities and the rituals associated with agricultural practices have developed many Indigenous farming systems, which have in-built eco-friendly systems for conservation, preservation and utilization of natural resources. However, with the passage of time, some of these practices have been further refined and modified to cater the location specific present day needs for conservation of natural resources, particularly soil and water resources. The present article is to discuss some important ecosystem approaches/traditional practices followed in the North Eastern Region with recent innovations to make agriculture more efficient and more sustainable.

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Labor force shortage analysis in Romania - size, impact and measures

Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics ◽

10.2478/icas-2021-0025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 285-295

Author(s):

Valentina Vasile ◽

Cristina Rodica Boboc ◽

Simona Ioana Ghiţă ◽

Irina Băncescu ◽

Andreea Simona Săseanu

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Labor Force ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Main Determinants ◽

The Impact

Abstract Under the impact of unfavourable demographic developments, some existing imbalances on the Romanian labor market have worsened. Thus, in 2019 the labor force shortage was estimated to 300000 persons, while in the last ten years the number of vacancies has exceeded 60,000 places, more than double the level at the beginning of the period (2010). This phenomenon may have negative social and economic effects. In this context, the present paper aims at analysing the labor shortages in Romania, at identifying its main determinants and the most important social and economic consequences and recommends a series of measures to mitigate the negative effects of this phenomenon.

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A rapid assessment of trends in the multispecies small-scale fishery of Palamós (Catalonia, Spain)

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsv149 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (9) ◽

pp. 2638-2649 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caterina Dimitriadis ◽

Alvar Carranza ◽

Raúl Vilela ◽

Margarida Casadevall

Keyword(s):

Rapid Assessment ◽

Ecosystem Approach ◽

Fishing Effort ◽

The State ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Small Scale ◽

Limited Information ◽

The European Union ◽

Fisheries Policy ◽

Aichi Biodiversity Targets

Abstract Monitoring small-scale fisheries (SSFs) is challenging due to the limited information available and their underlying socioeconomic characteristics. This constitutes a serious impediment to assess the compliance level of Aichi Biodiversity Targets (ABT). The European Union has committed itself to include an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) in its Common Fisheries Policy. EAFM depends on suites of indicators that track the pressure exercised, the state of the ecosystem, and the socio-economic consequences of management objectives. Therefore, The Living Planet Index (LPI) is proposed here for describing the performance of SSF towards the ABT. We show that the LPI can be reformulated to track trends in Fishing Effort (LPIFE), trends in Fish Populations (LPIFP), and both the state and trends related to the contribution of fisheries to broader society (LPIDEB). The implementation of the LPI in SSF applies several principles of the EAFM, including decentralization, fishers participation, and consideration of local knowledge. In this paper, we used 10-year daily data from the Cofradía at Palamós port, Catalonia - Spain. This is a multi-species SSF landing ca. 130 species, from which 10.9% are of special interest, being listed by the IUCN or in agreements by regional conventions. We observe a decreasing trend in the LPIFP, the LPIFE, and in the LPIDEB, including 36 species or groups, accounting for 90% of total landings, suggesting an overall decrease in the sustainability of this SSF. We conclude that use of the LPIFP is especially well suited to standardize the reporting of information for multispecies fisheries using a wide array of fishing strategies, and results strongly suggest the feasibility of using the LPI methodology to standardize reporting of any given agreed fisheries indicator in order enhance management towards the ABTs.

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