scholarly journals Drivers of male sound production and effective communication distances at fish spawning aggregation sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 730-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Rowell ◽  
Gerald L D’Spain ◽  
Octavio Aburto-Oropeza ◽  
Brad E Erisman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Fish Sounds ◽  
Fish Spawning ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Female Presence ◽  
Spawning Periods

Abstract While monitoring fish sounds has enhanced our understanding of spatio-temporal patterns of spawning and acoustic communication, data interpretation often fails to account for environmental effects on acoustic recordings, resulting in uncertainty of whether measures of detected fish sounds correspond to rates of sound production, specific behaviours, and abundance. In this study, we applied acoustic propagation modelling and detection theory to estimate rates of sound production of territorial, male Gulf grouper (Mycteroperca jordani) from passive acoustic recordings and evaluate effective communication distances. To assess behavioural drivers, environmentally calibrated, hourly estimates of sound production rates were compared to diver observations of courtship, spawning, and numbers of females encountered within male territories. Rates of sound production increased before sunset and were correlated to observed rates of spawning and females encountered, indicating that sound production is largely driven by female presence and increased opportunities to spawn. The mean effective communication distance was estimated to be <21 m, supporting the importance of short-range communication within the observed behaviours. Our findings corroborate that fish sounds can be used to infer measures of reproductive activity and the relative abundance of both sexes during spawning periods once properly calibrated for environmental effects and detection capabilities.

scholarly journals A sound worth saving: acoustic characteristics of a massive fish spawning aggregation

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 20170656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad E. Erisman ◽  
Timothy J. Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Spawning Aggregation ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Fish Spawning ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Fish Spawning Aggregation ◽  
Regional Conservation

Group choruses of marine animals can produce extraordinarily loud sounds that markedly elevate levels of the ambient soundscape. We investigated sound production in the Gulf corvina ( Cynoscion othonopterus ), a soniferous marine fish with a unique reproductive behaviour threatened by overfishing, to compare with sounds produced by other marine animals. We coupled echosounder and hydrophone surveys to estimate the magnitude of the aggregation and sounds produced during spawning. We characterized individual calls and documented changes in the soundscape generated by the presence of as many as 1.5 million corvina within a spawning aggregation spanning distances up to 27 km. We show that calls by male corvina represent the loudest sounds recorded in a marine fish, and the spatio-temporal magnitude of their collective choruses are among the loudest animal sounds recorded in aquatic environments. While this wildlife spectacle is at great risk of disappearing due to overfishing, regional conservation efforts are focused on other endangered marine animals.

Assessing Metal Mine Effects using Benthic Invertebrates for Canada's Environmental Effects Program

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Glozier ◽  
Joseph M. Culp ◽  
Trefor B. Reynoldson ◽  
Robert C. Bailey ◽  
Richard B. Lowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Metal Mine ◽  
Mine Effluent

Abstract In Canada, the Metal Mining Effluent Regulation is a mechanism developed from the Fisheries Act (R.S., c. F-14, s.1) under which the effects of mine effluent on fish and fish habitat (i.e., benthic invertebrate communities) is determined by Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) studies. The Metal Mining EEM (MM EEM) program proceeds in a tiered manner, commencing with determining whether an effect is present and continuing with determining extent, magnitude and cause of the effect. The benthic invertebrate monitoring component of the MM EEM program includes consideration of study design elements such as confounding factors, monitoring frequency, statistical study design, appropriate community endpoints and standardized approaches to site descriptions, field and laboratory methods and data interpretation. We present the approaches and rationale recently adopted for the benthic component of Canada's Metal Mining EEM program. A primary objective of this program was to outline a consistent national program that was scientifically defensible and that would produce the necessary information to evaluate the effectiveness of current pollution regulations.

scholarly journals Environmental effects on recreational squid jigging fishery catches

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1823-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cabanellas-Reboredo ◽  
Josep Alós ◽  
Miquel Palmer ◽  
Beatriz Morales-Nin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Movement Characteristic ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Specific Vulnerability ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Cabanellas-Reboredo, M., Alós, J., Palmer, M., and Morales-Nin, B. 2012. Environmental effects on recreational squid jigging fishery catches. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1823–1830. Experimental fishing sessions simulating the operating procedures of the recreational fishery for the European squid that operates at inshore Palma Bay (Balearic Islands, Spain) were conducted to investigate the effects of environmental variables on squid catches. The catch per unit of effort (cpue) of recreational-like jigging sessions showed a seasonal pattern (higher cpue during colder months). Two alternative hypotheses can explain such a pattern. First, squid could migrate inshore during colder months to seek spatio-temporal windows within which the sea temperature maximize spawning success. Second, the timing of the seasonal reproductive peak and the growth rate of any given cohort would result in a higher percentage of squid whose body size is greater than the gear-specific vulnerability threshold during the colder months. The combination of environmental variables that maximized cpue was a low sea surface temperature, a low windspeed, low atmospheric pressure, and days close to the new moon. A specific period of the day, narrowly around sunset, favoured the catches. Within this narrow period, the sunlight is still sufficient to allow the recreational fishing lures to be effective, and the squid have already shifted to a more active pattern of movement characteristic of the night-time period.

scholarly journals What you see is what you get: activity-based probes in single-cell analysis of enzymatic activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 401 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Christian S. Lentz
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Chemical Probes ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractMolecular imaging methods can provide spatio-temporal information about the distribution of biomolecules or biological processes, such as certain enzymatic activities, in single cells. Within a cell, it is possible to define the subcellular location of a target, its trafficking through the cell, colocalization with other biomolecules of interest and involvement in certain cell biological processes. On the other hand, single-cell imaging promises to distinguish cells that are phenotypically different from each other. The corresponding cellular diversity comprises the presence of functionally distinct cells in a population (‘phenotypic heterogeneity’), as well as dynamic cellular responses to external stimuli (‘phenotypic plasticity’), which is highly relevant, e.g. during cell differentiation, activation (of immune cells), or cell death. This review focuses on applications of a certain class of chemical probes, the so-called activity-based probes (ABPs), for visualization of enzymatic activities in the single-cell context. It discusses the structure of ABPs and other chemical probes, exemplary applications of ABPs in single-cell studies in human, mouse and bacterial systems and considerations to be made with regard to data interpretation.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal dynamics of a fish spawning aggregation and its fishery in the Gulf of California

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Erisman ◽  
Octavio Aburto-Oropeza ◽  
Charlotte Gonzalez-Abraham ◽  
Ismael Mascareñas-Osorio ◽  
Marcia Moreno-Báez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spawning Aggregation ◽  
Fish Spawning ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Fish Spawning Aggregation

scholarly journals Acoustic monitoring indicates a positive relationship between calling frequency and spawning in captive spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W Montie ◽  
Matt Hoover ◽  
Chris Kehrer ◽  
Justin Yost ◽  
Karl Brenkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Spotted Seatrout ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Cynoscion Nebulosus ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Spawning Aggregations

Background: Fish sound production is widespread throughout many families. Agonistic and courtship behaviors are the most common reasons for fish sound production. Yet, there is still some debate on how sound production and spawning are correlated in many soniferous fish species. In the present study, our aim was to determine if a quantitative relationship exists between calling and egg deposition in captive spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). This type of data is essential if scientists and managers plan to use acoustic metrics to identify spawning aggregations over large spatial scales and monitor reproductive activity over annual and decadal timeframes.Methods: Wild caught spotted seatrout were held in three laboratory tanks equipped with long-term acoustic loggers (i.e., DSG-Oceans) to record underwater sound throughout an entire, simulated reproductive season. Acoustic monitoring occurred from April 13 to December 19, 2012 for Tank 1 and from April 13 to November 21, 2012 for Tanks 2 and 3. DSG-Oceans were scheduled to record sound for 2 min every 20 min. We enumerated the number of calls, calculated the received sound pressure level (SPL in dB re 1 µPa; between 50 and 2000 Hz) of each 2 min ‘wav file’, and counted the number of eggs every morning in each tank.Results: Spotted seatrout produced three distinct call types characterized as “drums”, “grunts”, and “staccatos”. Spotted seatrout calling increased as the light cycle shifted from 13.5 to 14.5 h of light, and the temperature increased to 27.7oC. Calling began to decrease once the temperature fell below 27.7 oC, and the light cycle shifted to 12 h of light. These captive settings are similar to the amount of daylight and water temperatures observed during the summer, which is the primary spawning period of spotted seatrout. Spotted seatrout exhibited daily patterns of calling. Sound production began once the lights turned off, and calling reached maximum activity approximately 3 h later. Spawning occurred only on evenings in which spotted seatrout were calling. Significantly more calling and higher mean SPLs occurred on evenings in which spawning occurred as compared to evenings in which spawning did not occur. Spawning was more productive when spotted seatrout produced more calls. For all tanks, more calling and higher SPLs were associated with more eggs released by females.Discussion: The fact that more calling and higher SPLs were associated with spawns that were more productive indicates that acoustic metrics can provide quantitative information on spotted seatrout spawning in the wild. These findings will help us to identify spawning aggregations over large spatial scales and monitor the effects of noise pollution, water quality, and climatic changes on reproductive activity using acoustic technology.

Data Interpretation Issues for Canada's Environmental Effects Monitoring Program

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Lowell ◽  
Kathleen Hedley ◽  
Edward Porter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Guidance ◽  
Environmental Effects Monitoring

Abstract As part of Canada's National Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) Program, regulated pulp and paper mills are (and metal mines will be) required to submit an interpretive report describing monitoring results. General guidance has been prepared on how to interpret these EEM data—specifically: 1) which effect endpoints to use, 2) the statistical (or other) approach to use for each endpoint to determine the presence or absence of an effect associated with exposure, and 3) the role of power analysis, α, β, and effect size in determining effects. A statistically significant difference (relative to reference conditions) in any of the effect endpoints is to be considered an exposure-associated effect for the purposes of warranting possible follow-up action. Such an effect does not, however, necessarily indicate ecological, social, or economic significance sufficient to require corrective action. Power analyses should be conducted both at the beginning of a study to determine required sampling effort and at the end of a study to determine whether the power that was actually achieved was sufficient to detect the effect size of interest. A key recommendation is to set α = β as a starting point for data interpretation. The initial recommendations of the general guidance are expected to evolve as environmental effects become better understood.

scholarly journals Rainwater chemistry observation in a karst city: variations, influence factors, sources and potential environmental effects

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11167
Author(s):  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Guilin Han
Keyword(s):  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Rainwater Chemistry ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

The rainwater chemistry and related air contaminants are used to investigate the rainwater ions sources, variations, and influence factors from 2012 to 2014 in Guiyang city (the typical karst urban area of Southwest China). According to temporal rainwater ion concentrations, the obvious variations were presented in the study period, such as Ca2+ (125∼6,652 μeq L−1) and SO42− (11∼4,127 μeq L−1). Consequently, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42− and Cl− are considered as the leading ions. Three critical influencing factors of rainwater ions concentrations, including sources variations, rainfall amount and long-distance migration (rainfall amount > 100 mm) are identified. Based on the typical ionic ratios, source identification suggested that anthropogenic inputs mainly contributed to F−, NO3− and SO42−, while the dusts (crustal sources) are the primary sources of Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+. Cl− Enrichment in long-distance transport is the main contributor of Cl−. According to the observation of high level of total wet acid deposition, the more detailed spatio-temporal monitoring of rainfall-related acid deposition (particularly sulfur deposition) is required to understand its potential environmental effects in the aquatic ecosystem of the earth surface.

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