The Domestic Impact of International Standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-608
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Domestic Values ◽  
Domestic Affair ◽  
Domestic Impact

Abstract Regulation is no longer purely a domestic affair. International standards now exist across a broad range of regulatory arenas, touching on issues that may be central to domestic values, such as the regulation of health, safety, and the environment. Although a number of studies have looked at the domestic impact of globalization more generally, few scholars have evaluated the effects of international standards, specifically. This paper investigates that issue, with an empirical focus on agrochemicals. Using original data on changes to US agrochemical regulations between 1996 and 2015, I evaluate whether and how domestic rules have changed in response to international standards. Contrary to common fears, I find little evidence that international standards primarily act as a ceiling, thereby undermining domestic regulations. Instead, international standards seem to serve as focal points, pulling nations toward leniency as well as toward stringency. These findings not only contribute to the broader literature on the domestic effects of globalization, but they also allay concerns that international standards could act as a regulatory cap, encouraging nations to sacrifice caution for economic gain.

scholarly journals Another Step Towards Indexation of the SPDV Journal in 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Margarida Gonçalo
Keyword(s):  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Continuous Medical Education ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Regular Type ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
The Many ◽  
Clinical Cases

Mais um Passo para a Indexação da Revista da SPDV em 2018After 2 full years of publication with the new editorial board, 2017 was the year of big changes for the SPDV journal, which we hope will allow the indexation of our journal in the Medline.We had regular and timely publications, each number with an editorial related to one of the main articles published in that number, a continuous medical education (CME) article, followed by 6 articles with original data or review articles on the latest news on dermatology, 6-7 clinical cases, a quiz/what’s your diagnosis presentation taking profit of clinical and histological images and letters to the editors. This format will continue in 2018 to have a more regular type of articles in our journal.2017 was the year of internationalization. Apart from regular Brazilian clinical cases that we really appreciate as most bring new aspects from diseases that are seldom seen among us, we had a CME article on pruritus written by our colleague Manuel Pereira from Germany that with Sonja Ständer and the Munster team is coordinating European studies on pruritus and chronic prurigo, and an editorial written in collaboration with An Goossens the well-known teacher in contact and photocontact allergy from Leuven, Belgium. We are still expecting that our residents or specialists who stay a few months abroad in highly specialized centres with scholarships from the SPDV write review articles in collaboration with the doctors they worked with abroad.This year we began the process of identifying the papers published in our Journal with a DOI (digital object identifier), a direct link to the manuscript that includes the number given to our Journal followed by its initials, the volume and number of each journal and the consecutive number attributed by the webpage to each article that is submitted (ex. https://dx.doi.org/10.29021/spdv.76.2.849). Therefore online submission of all the manuscripts is mandatory. But this is an easy process and allows the authors to trace the state of their manuscripts while in review.It is also our intention in 2018 to begin the process of showing the articles online as soon as they are accepted, before their inclusion on the printed and finally composed volume. We hope to have the collaboration of Dr. José Carvalho who is thoroughly taking care of our webpage.  Thanks to the work of the editorial board and the many invited reviewers* and with a more thorough reviewing process we improved the quality of the papers that we received, although many of them were already of really high standard.Happily this year more original and review articles were submitted (33) of which only 2 were rejected (6%). The rejection rate was much higher within the 75 clinical reports received (38% – 51%). Although some articles submitted in 2017 are still under review the overall rejection rate was around 36%.With the final review of Drª Helena Donato there is a good standardization of procedures, including a critical review of the references, MeSH words and inclusion of all the missing details in the manuscripts to fulfil the international standards for publication of scientific papers. The work of our Editor, Gabriela Marques Pinto, who also makes a final review of all the manuscripts and prepares their composition for printing is also an enormous job.It is our intention to renew the editorial board during 2018 to include other colleagues that have given a significant and timely contribution to our journal, but we will keep the contribution of Dr Helena Donato and her knowledge to submit the journal for indexation with the next number of 2018.Still, to keep with international rules of scientific journals, in 2018 we will change the placing of publicity within the printed journal to avoid its inclusion in the middle of scientific papers.With these changes and improvements we are feeling more confident and on a much better position to achieve indexation of the Revista da SPDV at the Medline. With the contribution of this team and all the dermatologists we hope a favourable decision, but this will be just one step forward as we will certainly keep on improving the Journal of Portuguese-speaking dermatologists. 

scholarly journals Legal Measures Undertaken by Public Authorities in Poland for Prevention and Combating COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Mełgieś
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergency Situations

The state is a special purpose organization and the directions of its activities are determined by public tasks. One of them is to ensure an efficient health care system, also effective in emergency situations such as those caused by an infectious disease pandemic COVID-19. In particular, legal instruments are used to create it, selected by the rulers within the limits set by law, including the applicable international standards, at the discretion of local governing authorities. The whole system is completed with organizational, medical and finally financial solutions. However, it is due to the fact that public authorities move around in the public space, due to the legality of their operation, that the legal instruments used are of significant importance for the assessment of the effectiveness of the performance of tasks related to combating infectious diseases, and thus ensuring health safety.

scholarly journals PORT SECURITY VS ECONOMIC GAIN: AN EXPOSITION OF THE MALAYSIAN PORT AND MARITIME SECURITY PRACTICE

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkader O. Abdulrazaq ◽  
Sharifah Zubaidah Syed Abdul Kader
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
Port Security ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Straits Of Malacca ◽  
Malaysian Government

Seaports represent economic development and act as focal points in the global strategic environment. The economic contribution through seaports of Malaysia relies heavily on safe passage of merchant ships through the Straits of Malacca and at Malaysian ports. The economic advantages to the Malaysian government due to the presence of the surrounding sea are enormous. However, these economic advantages through the ports are not without their own challenges as ships that call to unload are vulnerable to shipment of dangerous cargo and weapons. The question is whether the government should enhance the monitoring of foreign ships that unload at Malaysian ports bringing enormous economic gains to Malaysia? This paper recommends that economic gain should not be given priority over port security as the former may not be capable of remedying the havoc that could result through negligence in the latter.ABSTRAKPelabuhan melambangkan pembangunan ekonomi dan bertindak sebagai titik tumpu dalam persekitaran strategik sejagat. Sumbangan ekonomi melalui pelabuhan Malaysia bergantung harap kepada laluan selamat kapal-kapal dagang melalui Selat Melaka dan di pelabuhan-pelabuhan Malaysia. Kelebihan ekonomi kepada kerajaan Malaysia akibat dari kewujudan laut sekitar adalah amat besar. Walau bagaimanapun, kelebihan ekonomi melalui pelabuhan ini mempunyai cabaran yang tersendiri; memandangkan kapal yang berlabuh untuk memunggah barang muatan terdedah kepada penghantaran barangan dan senjata yang berbahaya. Persoalannya adalah sama ada pihak kerajaan perlu meningkatkan pemantauan terhadap kapal asing yang memunggah barang muatan di pelabuhan Malaysia dan membawa keuntungan ekonomi yang besar kepada Malaysia. Kertas ini mencadangkan bahawa keuntungan ekonomi tidak patut diberikan keutamaan berbanding dengan keselamatan pelabuhan memandangkan keuntungan ekonomi mungkin tidak mampu memperbetulkan kekacauan yang boleh terhasil akibat kecuaian dalam keselamatan pelabuhan.

scholarly journals Health Safety of Soft Drinks: Contents, Containers, and Microorganisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kregiel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Broad Overview

Soft drinks consumption is still a controversial issue for public health and public policy. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted into the possible links between soft drink intake and medical problems, the results of which, however, remain highly contested. Nevertheless, as a result, increasing emphasis is being placed on the health properties of soft drinks, by both the industry and the consumers, for example, in the expanding area of functional drinks. Extensive legislation has been put in place to ensure that soft drinks manufacturers conform to established national and international standards. Consumers trust that the soft drinks they buy are safe and their quality is guaranteed. They also expect to be provided with information that can help them to make informed decisions about the purchase of products and that the information on product labels is not false or misleading. This paper provides a broad overview of available scientific knowledge and cites numerous studies on various aspects of soft drinks and their implications for health safety. Particular attention is given to ingredients, including artificial flavorings, colorings, and preservatives and to the lesser known risks of microbiological and chemical contamination during processing and storage.

scholarly journals Assessment of Health, Safety and Environmental Risks of Zahedan City Gasoline Stations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2689-2692
Author(s):  
S. Y. Far ◽  
R. Mirzaei ◽  
M. B. Katrini ◽  
M. Haghshenas ◽  
Z. Sayahi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Fmea Method

The purpose of this study was to assess the risk and determine the health, safety and environmental status of fuel stations in Zahedan. In this study, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method was used for risk assessment in accordance with the HSE guidelines, national and international standards and laws. In this cross-sectional study, 2 governmental stations and 6 active private stations were evaluated after the necessary coordination with the relevant units. As a result of risk assessment, 27 health risks, 55 safety risks and 22 environmental risks were identified. From among all the identified risks, 67 risks had a Risk Priority Number (RPN) of less than 91, 31 risks had an RPN ranging between 91 and 201, and 6 risks had an RPN of over 201. The findings of the study indicated that compliance with the HSE requirements was 51.85%, in the area of health, 47.57% in the area of safety and 27.45% in the environmental area. Overall compliance with the HSE requirements was 42.54%. In order to distribute fuel considering health, reducing risk and increasing compliance with the requirements for safety improvement, health and environmental conditions of fuel supplies are essential.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

Production of New and Revised A.A.V.S.O. Charts

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Clinton B. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Variable Star ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Original Data ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The University

A “new charts program” for the Americal Association of Variable Star Observers was instigated in 1966 via the gift to the Association of the complete variable star observing records, charts, photographs, etc. of the late Prof. Charles P. Olivier of the University of Pennsylvania (USA). Adequate material covering about 60 variables, not previously charted by the AAVSO, was included in this original data, and was suitably charted in reproducible standard format.Since 1966, much additional information has been assembled from other sources, three Catalogs have been issued which list the new or revised charts produced, and which specify how copies of same may be obtained. The latest such Catalog is dated June 1978, and lists 670 different charts covering a total of 611 variables none of which was charted in reproducible standard form previous to 1966.

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