scholarly journals Organochlorine and Organophosphonis Pesticide Residues in Food from Egyptian Local Markets

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
Sohair A Gad Alla ◽  
Sami M A El-Syes ◽  
Monir M Almaz ◽  
Emel Y Salama
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Agricultural Use

Abstract A market basket survey was conducted to monitor organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in potatoes, citrus fruits, and fish collected from local Egyptian markets. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues for γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in potatoes were exceeded in 8 samples and for DDT in 2 samples. The aging of HCH and DDT indicated a recent use of both pesticides during the potato storage period between cultivation seasons. However, such use is illegal because HCH mixture isomers (gammaxane) and DDT have been officially prohibited from agricultural use in Egypt since 1980. The highest residue levels of fenitrothion (3.8 ppm) in potatoes may be due to its repeated use before and after harvest. No organochlorine pesticide residues were found in citrus fruits. None of the detected organophosphorus pesticides exceeded their MRLs. HCH and DDT residue limits were exceeded in 5 and 7 fish samples, respectively, collected from 12 markets throughout the country. The heptachlor MRL was violated in only one fish sample (3.9 ppm).

scholarly journals Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Human Milk, Soil, Water, and Food Samples Collectedfrom Kafr El-Zayat Governorate

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
El-Zarka Mohamed ◽  
Sohair A Gad Alla ◽  
Samia El-Saied ◽  
Emel Y Salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
World Health ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract Pesticide residues in human milk and environmental samples from Kafr El-Zayat Governorate in Egypt were analyzed. This governorate is located near one of the biggest pesticide factories in Egypt. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were monitored, including those that have been prohibited from use in Egypt. Human milk samples (31 samples) from Kafr El-Zayat were compared with 11 samples collected from Cairo. Data were compared with results from studies performed in 1987 and 1990. The present study showed that aldrin and dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, and endrin residues have been eliminated from human milk. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of DDT complex and γ-HCH by breast fed infants in Kafr El-Zayat were 85.96 and 3.1% of the respective acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). β- HCH residues showed an increasing pattern, especially in human milk samples from Cairo. DDT complex and HCH isomers in orange, spinach, lettuce, potatoes, and clover samples ranged from undetectable to very low concentrations. Higher levels of DDT and HCH were detected, but aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, and the heptachlors were not detected in food of animal origin. Residues in fish samples were below maximum residue limits established by some developed countries. Those in animal milk samples approached the extraneous residue limits of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. HCH residues in soil were negligible, but DDT resi dues in soil were some what higher. Among watersamples, groundwater samples had the highest residues of HCHs and DDTs, followed by Nile River water and then tap water. However, the organo chlorine pesticide residues were found at concen trations below the maximum allowable limits set by the World Health Organization for drinking water. Among 12 organophosphorus pesticides moni toredas parent compounds, dimethoate,malathion, methamidophos, and chlorpyrifos residues were detected in low concentrations in soil samples from a pesticide factory. No organophosphorus pesticide residues were found in plant samples, except for very low residues of dimethoatein anorange sample. Water samples were devoid of organophosphorus residues as parent compounds.

scholarly journals Extraction and Cleanup of Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Fats by Supercritical Fluid Techniques

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin L Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Cleanup Procedure ◽  
Diet Study ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Integrated Extraction ◽  
Organochlorine And Organophosphorus Pesticides

Abstract A supercritical fluid extraction and cleanup procedure was developed for separating organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides from fats. Supercritical carbon dioxide modified with 3% (v/v) acetonitrile was used to extract the pesticides at 6O°C and separate the pesticides from the fats at 4000 psi and 95°C on an in-line C? silica-based column. The extraction and cleanup procedure gave good recoveries for 43 of 62 nonpolar to moderately polar organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides from fats, whereas 49 were recovered through conventional Florisil column cleanup before quantitation. This procedure can extract and clean up pesticide residues from 0.65 g animalbased fat and 1.0 g oils. Coeluted residues in the pesticide fraction ranged from 2.5 mg for butterfat to 0.8 mg for corn oil. Results for samples analyzed with this integrated extraction cleanup procedure were reproducible and comparable with results obtained with the current Total Diet Study methodology.

Optimization of Sweep Codistillation Apparatus for Determination of Coumaphos and Other Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Animal Fat

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Author(s):  
Robert L Brown ◽  
Clinton N Farmer ◽  
Roderick G Millar
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Sweep Time ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Optimum conditions have been developed for the quantitative recovery of coumaphos from animal fat by using a commercial sweep codistillation unit. Under the conditions specified (255°C distillation temperature, 250 mL/min of nitrogen, 60 min sweep time) and using Florisil trapping, the mean recovery of coumaphos was 91% with a coefficient of variation of 6%. Other organophosphorus pesticides recovered include diazinon, chlorpyrifos, ethion, and bromophos-ethyl with recoveries ranging from 90 to 96% and coefficients of variation ranging between 4 and 6%.

Charcoal Column Cleanup Method for Many Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Crop Extracts

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall R Watts ◽  
R W Storherr ◽  
John R Pardue ◽  
Theodore Osgood
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Analytical Results

Abstract In the charcoal column cleanup method for organophosphorus pesticide residues in crops, the pesticides arc extracted from the crops with ethyl acetate and a 10–20 g aliquot is placed directly on the charcoal adsorbent column for cleanup. The Kuderna-Danish concentrated eluate is analyzed by GLC, using the potassium chloride thermionic detector. Analytical results are presented for pesticide field-treated crops and for crop extracts fortified with a total of 60 parent organophosphorus pesticides and alteration products. Recoveries averaged 90% or better in most cases.

scholarly journals Vinyl Phosphate-Functionalized, Magnetic, Molecularly-Imprinted Polymeric Microspheres’ Enrichment and Carbon Dots’ Fluorescence-Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Wu ◽  
Yajun Fan ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Danqing Lu ◽  
Yaping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Dual Functional

The rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues in food is crucial to food safety. One type of novel, magnetic, molecularly-imprinted polymeric microsphere (MMIP) was prepared with vinyl phosphate and 1-octadecene as a collection of dual functional monomers, which were screened by Gaussian09W molecular simulation. MMIPs were used to enrich organic phosphorus, which then detected by fluorescence quenching in vinyl phosphate-modified carbon dots (CDs@VPA) originated from anhydrous citric acid. MMIPs and CDs@VPA were characterized by TEM, particle size analysis, FT-IR, VSM, XPS, adsorption experiments, and fluorescence spectrophotometry in turn. Through the fitting data from experiment and Gaussian quantum chemical calculations, the molecular recognition properties and the mechanism of fluorescence detection between organophosphorus pesticides and CDs@VPA were also investigated. The results indicated that the MMIPs could specifically recognize and enrich triazophos with the saturated adsorption capacity 0.226 mmol g−1, the imprinting factor 4.59, and the limit of recognition as low as 0.0006 mmol L−1. Under optimal conditions, the CDs@VPA sensor has shown an extensive fluorescence property with a LOD of 0.0015 mmol L−1 and the linear range from 0.0035 mmol L−1 to 0.20 mmol L−1 (R2 = 0.9988) at 390 nm. The mechanism of fluorescence detection of organic phosphorus with CDs@VPA sensor might be attributable to hydrogen bonds formed between heteroatom O, N, S, or P, and the O−H group, which led to fluorescent quenching. Meanwhile, HN−C=O and Si−O groups in CDs@VPA system might contribute to cause excellent blue photoluminescence. The fluorescence sensor was thorough successfully employed to the detection of triazophos in cucumber samples, illustrating its tremendous value towards food sample analysis in complex matrix.

Determination Method of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Fishs by GPC-GC-PFPD

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1002-1006
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Fan Gang Zeng ◽  
Wei Fang Ma ◽  
Qi Chun Dong ◽  
Hai Tao Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Determination Method ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Good Repeatability

The 10 organophosphorus pesticides in fish can be rapidly extracted and separated by gel permeation chromatography, and the lipin and organophosphorus pesticides of fish can be seperated. The interfering matters can be well eliminated in this condition, and analysis is more rapid than other methods. The residues of 10 organophosphorus pesticides at same time can be identified and quantified simultaneously by GC-PFPD. This method is simple, rapid, and the average recovery ratios were 71.7%-80.9%.Good repeatability was obtained in all the cases with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower 11%, and limit of detection was0.0003-0.004 mg·kg-1.

A Comparative Study of Sensitivity of Acetylcholinesterase in Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Xia ◽  
Xiangyou Wang ◽  
Xiao yu Wang ◽  
Zhe Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Chicken Liver ◽  
Chicken Brain

In this paper, four enzymes from different sources used for pesticide detection were tested and compared: homogenate from chicken liver, chicken brain and cyprinoids brain were made respectively in the laboratory and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was purchased from Musca domestica. The inhibition of AChE activity under different concentrations of omethoate, trichlorfon and dichlorvos were compared. The results showed that the AChE activity in chicken liver and cyprinoids brain were very low. The capacities of activity inhibition of other two kinds of AChE were better. Chicken brain-esterase's inhibition rate achieved 24.16%, 50.56%, and 54.1% for 100ug/L of omethoate, trichlorfon and dichlorvos respectively. Chicken brain-esterase has high specific activity, is low cost, and easy to prepare, and the inhibition of the sensitivity to three organophosphorus pesticides is significantly higher than enzymes from chicken liver and cyprinoids brain. So the chicken brain-esterase could be a good choice to use to detect pesticide residues in agricultural products.

A General Method for Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Nonfatty Foods

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Storherr ◽  
P Ott ◽  
R R Watts
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Flame Photometric Detector ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Photometric Detector ◽  
General Method

Abstract A method is presented for determining residues of organophosphorus pesticides and alteration products in nonfatty foods. This method employs the acetonitrile extraction procedure as used by FDA for the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Cleanup is performed with a short charcoal column. GLC, using the potassium chloride thermionic detector or flame photometric detector, is used for determination. Forty-one organophosphorus pesticides and/or alteration products are evaluated.

scholarly journals ANALISA RESIDU PESTISIDA DI WILAYAH MALANG DAN PENANGGULANGANYA UNTUK KEAMANAN PANGAN BUAH JERUK

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Astri Sumiati ◽  
Reza Prakoso Dwi Julianto
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
The Village ◽  
Maximum Threshold

The use of pesticides is widely used in the production of citrus fruits for protection before and after harvest. The use of pesticides on a broad scale can pollute the environment and leave residues in plants and in plants such as fruit leaves and tubers. A survey was conducted to evaluate the level of pesticide residues in citrus fruits. The survey method is carried out by recording pesticide use by farmers and traders. The survey will be conducted in Dau, Batu and Poncokusumo Districts, Malang Regency by interviewing 10 farmers and 10 orange traders in each District. The Gas Cromatography method was carried out to measure the levels of pesticide residues tested at the Angler Biochemlab Laboratory, Surabaya. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the levels of pesticide residues in citrus fruits then compared to the Maximum Residue Limit (BMR) through SNI 7313: 2008 quality standards on agricultural products. The residue levels of profenofos in farmer samples were found to be higher at 0.108 ppm compared to the sample from traders, namely 0.050 ppm at the Tegalweru village research site. In addition, traders in the village of Poncokusumo knew the imidaclroripid content was close to the maximum threshold of 0.040 ppm in farmer samples and 0.010 ppm in the merchant sample. Decreased levels of pesticide residues on food can be done with several approaches, namely physically and chemically. Reduction of pesticide residues in agricultural products can be done in several ways including by washing products with running water for several times or can also be done by soaking in water for one hour

scholarly journals Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kiljanek ◽  
Alicja Niewiadowska ◽  
Stanisław Semeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Photometric Detection ◽  
Milk Samples

Abstract A method for simultaneous determination of 13 organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk samples has been developed and validated. The method is based on the extraction of the sample with acetone and petroleum ether, cleanup by gel permeation chromatography, and solid phase extraction, and determination by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. The recovery, investigated by analysing blank milk samples spiked with azinphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, fenitrothion, methacrifos, methidathion, parathion-methyl, pyrazophos, and triazophos at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 μg/kg, and with parathion and pirimiphos-methyl at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 μg/kg, ranged from 73.1% to 106.2%. Performance characteristics, such as repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility expressed as coefficient of variation were less than 20%. Measurement uncertainty was lower than 22% for all validated organophosphorus pesticides. The limits of quantification were 10 μg/kg for all compounds and allowed determination of residues at, or even below, the maximum residue limits set by the European Union. The satisfactory z-score results of international proficiency tests confirm good accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability of the developed method.

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