PSX-1 A newly developed pectinase from Aspergillus terreus enhanced feed utilization and milk production of Damascus goats fed pectin-rich diet

Abstract A newly developed pectinase from Aspergillus terreus was compared with a commercially available pectinase at 600 IU/kg feed. Thirty (one-week postpartum) Damascus goats stratified by previous milk production, body weight and parity were divided into three experimental treatments. Does were fed a basal diet containing concentrates, orange silage, sugar beet pulp and wheat straw at 50:20:20:10, respectively with (a newly developed pectinase or commercial pectinase) or without a supplement (control treatment). No difference (P >0.05) was noted for feed intake but the newly developed pectinase increased (P < 0.01) nutrient digestibility, diet nutritive value and milk production efficiency more than the other treatments. Out of all the blood parameters, only serum glucose was affected by the treatments with highest (P = 0.025) value noted for the new pectinase. Similarly, the new pectinase increased daily milk production (P < 0.005) and the concentrations of milk components compared to the other two treatments. Additionally, pectinase (both the commercial and new) inclusion increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of total conjugated linoleic acid and unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio, and decreased atherogenic index (P = 0.01) compared with control treatment. It is concluded that the supplementation of the diet of lactating goats with pectinase at 600 IU/kg feed will enhance feed digestion and milk production. The newly developed pectinase performed better than the commercial pectinase.

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A new pectinase produced from Aspergillus terreus compared with a commercial pectinase enhanced feed digestion, milk production and milk fatty acid profile of Damascus goats fed pectin-rich diet

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2020-0083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Hossam H. Azzaz ◽

Ahmed E. Kholif ◽

Hussein A. Murad ◽

Nasr E. El-Bordeny ◽

Hossam M. Ebeid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Milk Production ◽

Aspergillus Terreus ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Sugar Beet Pulp ◽

The Other ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Beet Pulp

AbstractPectinase hydrolyses pectin and increases the utilization of agriculture byproducts as feeds for ruminants. A newly developed pectinase from Aspergillus terreus was compared with a commercially available pectinase at 600 IU/kg feed on feed utilization and lactational performance of Damascus goat fed orange pulp and sugar beet pulp based diet (i.e., pectin-rich diet) for 12 weeks. Thirty (one week postpartum) Damascus goats stratified by previous milk production, body weight and parity were divided into three experimental groups. Does were fed a basal diet containing concentrates, orange silage, sugar beet pulp and wheat straw at 50:20:20:10, respectively without a supplement (control treatment) or supplemented with a newly developed pectinase (New treatment) or commercial pectinase (Commercial treatment). With similar (P>0.05) feed intake, the new pectinase increased (P<0.01) nutrient digestibility and milk production efficiency more than the other treatments. Out of all the blood parameters, only serum glucose was affected by the treatments with highest (P=0.025) value noted for the new pectinase. Similarly, the new pectinase increased daily milk production (P<0.005) and the concentrations of milk components compared to the other two treatments. Additionally, pectinase (both the commercial and new) inclusion increased (P<0.05) the concentrations of total conjugated linoleic acid and unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio, and decreased atherogenic index (P=0.01) compared with control treatment. It is concluded that the supplementation of the diet of lactating goats with pectinase at 600 IU/kg feed will enhance feed digestion and milk production. The newly developed pectinase performed better than the commercial pectinase.

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Performance and Milk Composition of Nubian Goats as Affected by Increasing Level of Nannochloropsis oculata Microalgae

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10122453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2453

Author(s):

Ahmed E. Kholif ◽

Gouda A. Gouda ◽

Hatem A. Hamdon

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Lactating Goats

Fat supplementation affects the lactational performance of goats and dramatically changes milk nutritive value. In the present experiment, two levels of Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae, a natural source of rumen-protected eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were studied in the diet of Nubian goats. Using quintuplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, fifteen lactating goats, (14 ± 2 months old and 33.0 ± 1.3 kg) after kidding, were randomly assigned into three treatments in an 84-d assay. Goats were offered a basal diet comprising berseem clover, wheat straw and concentrates in 3:2:5, respectively, (control treatment-no supplementation). The other two treatments were supplemented with N. oculata microalgae at 5 g (NOM5 treatment) or 10 g (NOM10 treatment)/doe/d. Without affecting intake, treatments improved (p < 0.01) nutrient digestibility. Supplementations had no effect on ruminal pH and ammonia-nitrogen, however, NOM5 and NOM10 linearly improved (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids and propionic acids. N. oculata supplementation linearly increased (p < 0.01) milk yield and lactose content. Supplementation reduced atherogenic index (p = 0.004) and enhanced the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and C20:5n3 (EPA). Conclusively, feeding Nubian goats on diet supplemented with N. oculata at 5 and 10 g improved milk production and the nutritive value. No improvements in the performance were observed when N. oculata dose was increased from 5 g to 10 g/doe; thus, 5 g dose is recommended for use.

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Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and copper mixture supplementation enhanced the nutrient digestibility and milk attributes in lactating boer goats

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2020-0089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed E. Kholif ◽

Ayman Y. Kassab ◽

Hatem A. Hamdon

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Production ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Boer Goats

AbstractThirty-two lactating Boer goats (35.2 ± 1.4 kg body weight) were grouped into control and three treatment groups in completely randomised design. In treatment groups, supplementation was done as a mixture of 5 g Chlorella vulgaris + 4.5 mg of supplemental Cu/kg diet from CuSO4 (Alg5 treatment), 10 g C. vulgaris + 9 mg of supplemental Cu/kg diet (Alg10 treatment), or a mixture of 15 g C. vulgaris + 13.5 mg of supplemental Cu/kg diet (Alg15 treatment). Treatments did not affect feed intake; however, Alg10 treatment increased (P<0.001) nutrient digestibility. Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, ammonia-N, butyrate; however, the Alg10 treatment increased (P<0.01) ruminal total volatile fatty acids, propionate and acetate concentrations. Without affecting other blood measurements, the Alg10 treatment quadratically increased (P<0.001) serum glucose and Cu. The Alg10 treatments increased (P<0.001) daily milk production and the concentration of fat, and enhanced milk (feed) efficiency. The Alg10 treatment decreased (P<0.05) milk saturated fatty acids and the atherogenic index, and increased the proportions of total conjugated linoleic acids, C18:1n9t, odd fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids compared with the control treatment. Present study concluded that inclusion of a mixture of 10 g C. vulgaris + 9 mg Cu/kg diet in the diet of lactating Boer goats enhanced nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk production, feed efficiency as well as milk nutritive value. Increasing the dose of the mixture to 15 g C. vulgaris + 13.5 mg Cu/kg diet is not recommended in the diet of lactating Boer goats.

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Multinutritional blocks as a food strategy to optimize the use of concentrate for lactating goats

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.47441 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 47441

Author(s):

Joao Paulo De Farias Ramos ◽

Wandrick Hauss de Sousa ◽

Iara Tamires Rodrigues Cavalcante ◽

Juliana Silva Oliveira ◽

Edson Mauro Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Feeding Strategy ◽

Control Diet ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Dunnett Test

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of multinutritional blocks (BMs) associated with the concentrate content in the diet of lactating goats and their effects on milk production and economic viability. Eight goats Parda Alpina, multiparas were distributed in two Latin squares (4x4). The experiment consisted of four treatments (0.971, 0.746, 0.521 and 0.296 kg concentrate day-1 per goat) and BMs ad libitum. It was evaluated the consumption, milk monitoring and the system was analyzed economically. If there was a significant effect of the concentrate, the control treatment was compared to the others using the Dunnett test and 5% regression analysis. When the concentrate contents were high in the diets, the total dry matter intake decreased linearly. However, there was an inverse behavior for the consumption of BMs. Milk production (PL kg day-1) was linear and positively related to the increase of concentrate levels in the diets. The PL was lower for the decreasing levels of concentrate when compared to the control diet. The economic parameters indicate that the use of low concentrate levels associated with BMs is the best feeding strategy for lactating goats. The multinutritional blocks can be used to feed lactating goats to partially replace the concentrate.

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67. The Nutritive Value of Proteins for Milk Production. II. A Comparison of the Proteins of Blood Meal, Pea Meal, Decorticated Earth-Nut Cake, and a Mixture of Decorticated Earth-Nut Cake and Flaked Maize

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s002202990000087x ◽

1933 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Samuel Morris ◽

Norman C. Wright

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Blood Meal ◽

Marked Reduction ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

The Other ◽

Body Tissue ◽

Food Protein

The results of the present experiments and of those reported in the previous paper(1) may be summarised as follows:1. When minimal quantities of protein are fed in the production rations of milking cows, a deficiency of either lysine or tryptophane will lead to a marked reduction in milk yield. There is, however, some evidence of the storage of reserve N, which can be utilised when the food protein is inadequate.2. The feeding of a lysine- or tryptophane-deficient ration causes a marked increase in urinary N, indicating a poor utilisation of food protein. On the other hand, the feeding of a ration containing adequate quantities of these essential amino acids reduces the urinary N, indicating efficient protein utilisation.3. The utilisation of body tissue in an attempt to maintain normal milk production on a deficient protein ration is shown by the high creatine excretion. The fact that the S: N ratio of the excess sulphur and nitrogen excreted during the deficient protein periods approximates that of body tissue (circa 1: 15·7) confirms this conclusion.

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Quality and fatty acid profile of milk of indigenous dairy goats fed from oasis resources in Tunisian arid areas

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an19645 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (17) ◽

pp. 2044

Author(s):

Naziha Ayeb ◽

Besma Majdoub ◽

Mohamed Dbara ◽

Imen Fguiri ◽

Soufiene Khorchani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Milk Production ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Arid Zones ◽

Alternative Feed ◽

Alfalfa Hay ◽

Lactating Goats

Context The food security of Tunisia is dependent on utilising all of its resources effectively to feed the population. Rangelands used for grazing are subject to continuous degradation, which reduces the availability of feeds to livestock. In the oasis regions, this constraint is attenuated by the systematic use of various by-products of the palm grove. There is a need to constantly search for alternative feed resources to support ruminant-livestock farming in arid regions and, therefore, the products of desert oases need to be exploited Aims The present work aimed to determine the effect of the use of local resources of oases on feed intake and milk quality of goats. Methods Twenty-four indigenous lactating goats were used to investigate the effect of the substitution of the concentrate feed with alternative feed obtained from oases in Tunisian arid zones. The three study groups in the 60-day trial were as follows: the first group received 0% date waste (WD) + 100% concentrate (CON) + oaten hay; the second group received 50% WD + 30% alfalfa cork (AC) + 20% CON + alfalfa hay; and the third group received 50% WD + 50% AC and no CON + alfalfa hay. Key results Feed intake was higher in Group 2 (1167.10 ± 42.8 g DM/day) than in Groups 3 and 1 (1028.9 ± 68.9 and 856.04 ± 58.9 g DM/day respectively. Average daily milk production did not differ among the groups. Dietary fat and crude protein were not affected by the type of ration. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids were similar in the milk of the three groups. In the three groups studied, the ratio n6:n3 (12.80, 8.80 and 6.77) was higher than the recommended value (<5) for human consumption. Conclusions The use of WD did not affect milk production but it improved the nutritional quality of milk, especially the composition of fatty acid (ratio n6/n3). Implications The use of alternative resources in goat feeding, such as WD and alfalfa cork, can replace the use of market feeds and decrease the costs of animal feed.

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Supplementing pasture-fed dairy cows with pasture silage, maize silage, Lotus silage or sulla silage in summer - does it increase production?

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2002.64.2479 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

S.L. Woodward ◽

A.V. Chaves ◽

G.C. Waghorn ◽

P.G. Laboyrie

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Milk Composition ◽

The Other ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Silage Maize

Forages suitable for supplementing pasture-fed dairy cows over summer-autumn must provide adequate dry matter (DM) and increase milk yield above that produced by cows grazing normal ryegrass/white clover pasture, without compromising milk composition. A trial was conducted in January-February 2001 to compare the benefits obtained from feeding four types of silage. There were two silages that contained condensed tannins (CT) (birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium)), maize silage or traditional ryegrass-dominant pasture silage, all fed at 5 kg DM/cow/d with restricted pasture. Cows on the restricted pasture (control) treatment and those fed the silage treatments were offered an allowance of 25 kg DM pasture/cow/d, while the full pasture cows were offered 50 kg DM pasture/cow/d. Silage supplementation, regardless of silage type, increased both total dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production compared with the restricted pasture treatment. Cows on the Lotus silage supplement, and the full pasture treatment had significantly higher milk yields than the other silage-supplemented cows, all of which had similar milk yields. For the Lotus silage treatment, the high milk yield was probably due to a combination of the higher nutritive value of the silage, and to the action of CT, because the total DMI of the cows on the Lotus silage was the same as that of cows on the pasture silage and maize silage. The high milk yield of the full pasture treatment was mainly a result of the cows having a significantly higher total DMI than cows on all the other treatments. This trial has demonstrated the potential benefit of silage supplementation, particularly with Lotus silage, for increased milksolids yield in summerautumn when low pasture growth rates and quality may otherwise limit production. Keywords: condensed tannins, dairy cows, Lotus, maize, milksolids, ryegrass, silage, sulla, supplementation

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Effects of Two Enzyme Feed Additives on Digestion and Milk Production in Lactating Egyptian Buffaloes

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.1515/aoas-2015-0039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 209-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Tarek A. Morsy ◽

Ahmed E. Kholif ◽

Sobhy M. Kholif ◽

Abdelkader M. Kholif ◽

Xuezhao Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Lactating Buffaloes ◽

True Protein

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two commercial enzyme products on milk production in Egyptian buffaloes. Twenty-one lactating buffaloes (570±15 kg BW) were divided into three groups (n=7) in a randomized block design for four months. Buffaloes were fed a total mixed ration containing 60% forage [rice straw and berseem hay (Trifolium alexandrinum)] and 40% concentrates with either no enzymes added (Control) or an addition of 40 g of Veta-Zyme Plus® (VET) or 40 g of Tomoko® (TOM ) enzyme product per day for each buffalo. Enzyme addition did not affect feed intake (P>0.05), but increased the digestibility of nutrients (P<0.05) and serum glucose concentration (P=0.011). Furthermore, the addition of VET increased milk (P=0.017) and fat corrected milk (P=0.021) yields, fat content (P=0.045), total unsaturated fatty acid (P=0.045) and total conjugated linoleic acid (P=0.031) contents in milk and decreased the content of total saturated fatty acids (P=0.046), while the addition of TOM increased milk total protein (P=0.023) and true protein (P=0.031) contents. The two enzyme products both resulted in higher concentrations of lysine (P=0.045) and total essential amino acids (P=0.036) in milk. It was concluded that addition of commercial fibrolytic enzyme products (i.e. Veta-Zyme Plus® and Tomoko®) to the diet of early lactating buffaloes enhanced nutrient digestibility and milk production and quality.

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Top-dressing of chelated phytogenic feed additives in the diet of lactating Friesian cows to enhance feed utilization and lactational performance

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2020-0086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed E. Kholif ◽

Ayman A. Hassan ◽

Osama H. Matloup ◽

Ghada M. El Ashry

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Friesian Cows

AbstractThe present experiment evaluated the inclusion of chelated phytogenic feed additives mixture in the diet of lactating cows for the first 3 months of lactation. A week before calving, thirty multiparous Friesian cows were divided into three treatments in a complete randomized design and fed a basal diet without supplementation (Control treatment), or the control diet supplemented with chelated phytogenic additives at 3 g (PHY3 treatment), or at 6 g/cow/d (PHY6 treatment). Menthol, levomenthol, β-linaloolm, anethole, hexadecanoic acid and pmenthane were the principal compounds identified in the additives mixture. Milk production, total solid, protein, fat, and lactose were increased with PHY3, but decreased by PHY6 (P<0.01). Whereas the PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) milk contents of Ca and Zn, PHY3 and PHY6 treatments increased (P<0.05) milk Fe and Mn concentrations. Though the PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) nutrient digestibility, the PHY6 treatment decreased (P<0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and proportional acetate and propionate and decreased butyrate, while the PHY6 treatment decreased ruminal VFA concentration and proportional acetate. The PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) serum total protein, glucose, total antioxidant capacity, and the concentrations of Ca and Zn. Both PHY3 and PHY6 treatment decreased (P<0.05) the concentrations of serum triglycerides, and cholesterol. Daily inclusion of 3 g/cow of chelated feed additives mixture in diet of lactating cows improved milk production and ruminal fermentation, but additives dose of 6 g/cow/d had negative impact on cows’ performance.

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Influence of cellulase addition to dairy goat diets on digestion and fermentation, milk production and fatty acid content

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859615000775 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 153 (8) ◽

pp. 1514-1523 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

R. ROJO ◽

A. E. KHOLIF ◽

A. Z. M. SALEM ◽

M. M. Y. ELGHANDOUR ◽

N. E. ODONGO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Acid Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Energy Content ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Energy Output ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Adaptation Period

SUMMARYTwenty four French Alpine goats (39 ± 2·0 kg) were individually housed in a completely randomized design and fed a basal diet containing 146 g crude protein and 356 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF)/kg in the absence (control – CTRL) or presence (CELL) of 2 ml of cellulase/kg dry matter intake (DMI) for 70 days, which included a 10-day adaptation period. The feed was offered three times daily at 07·00, 13·00 and 19·00 h, but the single daily dose of cellulase was only fed at 07·00 h. Goats were hand-milked daily; milk production recorded and samples taken for compositional analysis. During the last 5 days of the experimental period, goats from each group were individually housed in stainless steel metabolic cages to enable separate and total collection of faeces and urine for nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation determinations. Goats fed CELL had greater DMI and greater digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter and NDF than CTRL goats. CELL goats had greater ruminal pH, concentration of acetic acid and concentration of propionic acid than CTRL goats. However, the concentration of ruminal butyric was lower in CELL goats compared with CTRL goats. CELL goats had greater milk yield, energy corrected milk, milk energy content, milk energy output and milk density than CTRL goats and the milk content for total solids, fat, protein and lactose were also greater for CELL goats than for the CTRL goats. The milk of CELL goats had greater palmitoleic acid, cis-10-heptadecanoic acid content and mono-saturated acids than the milk of CTRL goats and lower linoleic acid, linolenic acid contents and saturated fatty acids than the milk of CTRL goats. These results suggest that addition of 2 ml cellulase/kg DM of feed in the diet of lactating French Alpine goats elevated their milk production and improved its composition probably due to improved feed utilization.

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