AGGRESSION IN PRESCHOOLERS: ITS RELATION TO SOCIALIZATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
Klaus Minde
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aggressive Children

The present article discusses developmental changes of aggression seen in preschool children and reports on an 18-month short-term prospective study of three preschool populations: a group referred for aggressive behavior problems, a normal control group, and a group of youngsters who had lived in violent homes, but showed no aggressive behaviors. Results indicate that the aggressive children, in comparison with the other two groups at age 4, showed a significant delay in their interpersonal awareness and perspective taking ability. However, although the aggressive children caught up with their peers in the course of the study period, there was no accompanying decrease in their aggressive behavior. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Clinical implications of glucocorticoid receptor studies in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Mastrangelo ◽  
R Malandrino ◽  
R Riccardi ◽  
P Longo ◽  
FO Ranelletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Short Term

Abstract We have performed in parallel, in 19 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a quantitative determination of glucocorticoid levels, in vitro steroid induced inhibition of nucleic acid precursors, and a short-term clinical trial of corticosteroids alone, before the treatment was given, which included corticosteroids and other drugs. From our results it appears that high glucocorticoid receptor levels in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of children do not guarantee a clinical response to corticosteroids. On the other hand, glucocorticoid receptors may turn out to be of value in predicting a poor response to corticosteroids only if their levels are considerably low.

scholarly journals Clinical implications of glucocorticoid receptor studies in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Mastrangelo ◽  
R Malandrino ◽  
R Riccardi ◽  
P Longo ◽  
FO Ranelletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Short Term

We have performed in parallel, in 19 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a quantitative determination of glucocorticoid levels, in vitro steroid induced inhibition of nucleic acid precursors, and a short-term clinical trial of corticosteroids alone, before the treatment was given, which included corticosteroids and other drugs. From our results it appears that high glucocorticoid receptor levels in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of children do not guarantee a clinical response to corticosteroids. On the other hand, glucocorticoid receptors may turn out to be of value in predicting a poor response to corticosteroids only if their levels are considerably low.

scholarly journals Serum Fructosamine in Uraemia, Myeloma and Acute Inflammatory Disorders—Relationship to Serum Glucose and Albumin Levels

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R McCance ◽  
K C Clarke ◽  
L Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Serum Fructosamine

There has been considerable interest in the serum fructosamine assay as a measure of glycated serum proteins. We have measured serum fructosamine in three groups of patients—those with uraemia; those with multiple myeloma; and those with acute inflammatory conditions—none of whom were known to have diabetes. Serum fructosamine was significantly higher in the uraemic group than in the other two, and also than in a control group. When allowance was made for prevailing serum albumin levels fructosamine was shown to be increased in the acute inflammatory group also. There was a significant correlation between random plasma glucose and serum fructosamine only when fructosamine was adjusted for prevailing albumin levels. In control and uraemic subjects there was a significant positive correlation between serum fructosamine and albumin levels, whereas in the myeloma group there was a negative correlation with serum protein. These data would suggest the need to take into account serum albumin levels and protein composition if serum fructosamine is accurately to reflect short-term integrated glycaemia.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Body Swapping with a Black Person Boosts Empathy: Using Virtual Reality to Embody Another

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110248
Author(s):  
Rémi Thériault ◽  
Jay A. Olson ◽  
Sonia A. Krol ◽  
Amir Raz
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Race Bias ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Black Person

Perspective-taking, whether through imagination or virtual-reality interventions, seems to improve intergroup relations; however, what intervention leads to better outcomes remains unclear. This pre-registered study collected measures of empathy and race bias from 90 participants, split into one of three perspective-taking groups: embodied perspective-taking, mental perspective-taking, and a control group. We drew on virtual-reality technology alongside a Black confederate across all conditions. Only in the first group, participants got to exchange real-time viewpoints with the confederate and literally “see through the eyes of another.” In the two other conditions, participants either imagined a day in the life of the Black confederate or in their own life, respectively. Our findings show that, compared to the control group, the embodied perspective-taking group scored higher on empathy sub-components. On the other hand, both perspective-taking interventions differentially affected neither explicit nor implicit race bias. Our study suggests that embodiment of an outgroup can enhance empathy.

scholarly journals Positive Effects of Prosocial Cartoon Viewing on Aggression Among Children: The Potential Mediating Role of Aggressive Motivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mediational Analysis ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Aggressive Motivation

Prosocial cartoon is characterized by helping others solve difficulties, including helping, donating, sharing, comforting, and cooperating. The current study examined whether viewing a prosocial cartoon decreases aggression immediately upon exposure and the potential mediating role of aggressive motivation. Participants involve 168 children (Mage = 5.87 years, SD = 0.41) nominated by teachers as aggressive from three Chinese kindergartens. Children in the treatment group watched a prosocial cartoon (American cartoon “Handy Manny”), while children in the control group watched a nonprosocial cartoon (Chinese cartoon “Fruity Robo”). Afterward, the Hot Sauce Task (HST) was employed to assess aggressive behavior, and Aggressive Motivation Questionnaire (AMQ) was employed to assess aggressive motivation. Results revealed that viewing a prosocial cartoon (vs. a nonprosocial cartoon) did reduce children’s aggression immediately upon exposure. Specifically, males showed less aggressive behavior than females upon prosocial cartoon exposure, while males showed more aggressive behavior than females upon nonprosocial cartoon exposure. Mediational analysis suggested that the prosocial cartoon effect on aggression was partially mediated by aggressive motivation, especially for males. Consistent with general aggression model (GAM), findings of the study indicated that short-term exposure to a prosocial cartoon decreased children’s aggression by reducing aggressive motivation.

scholarly journals Dietary Oxidized Linoleic Acid Modulates Plasma Lipids beyond Triglycerides Metabolism

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Garelnabi ◽  
Gregory Ainsworth ◽  
Halleh Mahini ◽  
Naseeha Jamil ◽  
Chinedu Ochin
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides

Introduction. Triglyceride (TG) is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Previous work has shown that short-term supplementations of mouse chow with oxidized linoleic acid (OxLA) significantly reduce the level of plasma triglycerides.Study Objective. This study aims to determine the effects of longer-term supplementation of mouse chow with various concentrations of oxidized linoleic acid (OxLA) on plasma triglycerides.Study Design. The study consisted of forty C57BL/6 wildtype mice divided into four groups (n=10). Two groups were kept as controls. One control group (P) was fed plain chow and the second control group (C) was fed chow supplemented with linoleic acid. The other two experimental groups (A) and (B) were fed oxidized linoleic acid supplemented chow in the following doses: 9 mg/day of oxidized linoleic acid and 18 mg/day of oxidized linoleic acid/mouse.Results and Conclusion. Mice that were on a diet supplemented with the higher dose of oxidized linoleic acid showed a 39% decrease in hepatic PPAR-αand a significant decrease in the plasma HDL levels compared to the mice that were fed diets of plain and linoleic acid supplemented chow. Interestingly, the longer-term consumption of oxidized linoleic acid may predispose to atheropathogenesis.

Dextroamphetamine and Methylphenidate in the Treatment of Hyperactive/Aggressive Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
Bertrand G. Winsberg ◽  
Mark Press ◽  
Irv Bialer ◽  
Samuel Kupietz
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Modest Degree ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions ◽  
Clinical Problems

This study reports on the comparative effectiveness of dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate for the treatment of severe behavior disorders among children hospitalized for neuropsychiatric conditions. Findings indicate that both drugs attenuate hyperactive and aggressive behaviors and that children who respond to one may he expected to respond to the other. Side effects were generally equally distributed between both medications and were of modest degree. One case each of methylphenidate-induced dyskinesia and of dextroamphetamine-induced toxic psychosis is reported. The clinical implications of our findings are discussed, and directions are suggested for future research on some of the observed clinical problems.

scholarly journals Short-term preservation of Pecari tajacu ovarian preantral follicles using phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or powdered coconut water (ACP(r)) media

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1623-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Lima ◽  
E.A.A. Santos ◽  
L.F. Lima ◽  
V.B. Luz ◽  
A.P.R. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Morphology Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

We compare protocols for the short-term preservation of collared peccarie's ovarian preantral follicles (PFs) by using phosphate buffered saline- (PBS) or powdered coconut water- (ACP(r)) based medium. For morphology analysis each pair of ovaries collected from six females was divided into nine fragments. One fragment was destined for morphology analysis (histology and transmission electron microscopy - TEM), constituting the control group and the other fragments were placed in tubes with PBS or ACP(r), packed in 5 L Styrofoam boxes, stored for 4h, 12h, 24h, and 36h, and then analyzed. For viability analysis a pair of ovaries from two additional females was divided into nine fragments; one fragment was immediately destined for viability analysis (Trypan blue test) and the other fragments were stored as previously described, until 24h and then analyzed. After 4h storage in ACP(r) medium, the follicular integrity was similar to control (87.8% vs 94.4%, respectively); however, ultrastructural analyses revealed swollen mitochondria as the first signals of PF degeneration. It was observed that ACP(r) (66.7%) was more efficient than PBS (49.4%) to preserve the morphological integrity after 36h storage (P<0.05); however, no differences were observed on follicular viability (P>0.05). In conclusion, the use of the ACP(r) is recommended for the short-term preservation of Pecari tajacupreantral follicles.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Attenuates Malathion Induced Damage in Some Reproductive Parameters by Decreasing Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in Male Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Jalili ◽  
Shiva Roshankhah ◽  
Mohammad Reza Salahshoor ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Parameter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Objective: Malathion is the most organophosphates which capable to produce free radicals and induce disturbance on some of male reproductive parameter. Resveratrol is an herbal polyphenol and it has been beneficial antioxidant effects during short-term administration. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Resveratrol against damage induced by Malathion to the reproductive parameter of male rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups: normal control (saline) and Malathion control (250 mg/kg) groups; Resveratrol groups (2, 8, 20 mg/kg) and Malathion + Resveratrol (2, 8, 20 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally and gavage daily for 65 days. The sperm parameters, testis malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), testosterone level and germinal layer height were evaluated and statistically analyzed. Results: The results displayed that the values of all parameters except MDA level (which increased) reduced significantly in the Malathion control group compared to the normal control group (p < 0.001). The Resveratrol and Resveratrol + Malathion treatments at all doses increased significantly all parameters except MDA level (which decreased) compared to the Malathion control group (p < 0.001). No significant modifications were observed in all Resveratrol groups compared to the normal control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Resveratrol attenuates toxic effect of Malathion on some of male reproductive parameters.

scholarly journals Long-term prophylactic insulin treatment can prevent spontaneous diabetes and thyroiditis development in the diabetes-prone bio-breeding rat, while short-term treatment is ineffective

2003 ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Visser ◽  
F Klatter ◽  
L Vis ◽  
H Groen ◽  
J Strubbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bb Rats ◽  
Normal Glucose

OBJECTIVE: Prophylactic insulin treatment has been demonstrated to reduce diabetes development in the diabetes-prone bio-breeding (DP-BB) rat. These prophylactic insulin treatments were given from 50 to 150 days of age. However, several data indicate that the diabetogenic process in DP-BB rats starts well before day 50. DESIGN AND METHODS: DP-BB rats were given bovine insulin pellets from 21 to 60 days of age, from 21 to 100 days of age and from 60 to 100 days of age. At 160 days of age a glucose tolerance test was performed to establish beta-cell function and pancreata collected for histological analysis. RESULTS: Prophylactic insulin treatment from 21 to 100 days of age gave a 42% reduction of diabetes incidence. The other treatment protocols had no effect. Non-diabetic rats treated with insulin from day 21 to 100 showed normal glucose tolerance and no sign of insulitis at 160 days of age. Non-diabetic rats of the control group and the other treatment groups showed normal glucose tolerance, but a slight increase of insulitis. Interestingly, the 21-100 day treated rats showed reduced serum levels of anti-colloid antibodies as compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that short-term prophylactic insulin treatment cannot prevent diabetes and thyroiditis development in DP-BB rats. The prophylactic treatment must start well before 60 days of age and be prolonged into the phase when the rats normally become diabetic to reduce diabetes incidence. These findings imply that in the human situation prophylactic insulin treatment must be prolonged over the normal range of diabetes onset.

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