179 A Comparison of Local Anesthetic Effectiveness in Reducing Pain Associated with Dehorning in Dairy Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Miriam S Martin ◽  
Michael Kleinhenz ◽  
Abbie Viscardi ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Blaine Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Control Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Liposome Suspension ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
The Right

Abstract Dehorning is performed on a high percentage of dairies in the United States. Concern for animal welfare has led to investigating pain mitigation during dehorning. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of bupivacaine liposome suspension, lidocaine, or lidocaine + meloxicam administered at dehorning. Fifty male Holstein calves, 10–14 weeks of age were enrolled and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups: 1) bupivacaine liposome suspension block, oral placebo, cautery dehorn (BUP); 2) lidocaine block, oral placebo, cautery dehorn (LID); 3) lidocaine block, oral meloxicam, cautery dehorn (LID + MEL); 4) saline block, oral placebo, cautery dehorn (CON); and 5) saline block, oral placebo, sham dehorn (SHAM). Biomarkers were collected from 0 to 120 hours post-dehorning and included infrared thermography (IRT), mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), and pressure mat gait analysis. Biomarkers were statistically analyzed using repeat measures with the calf being the repeated measure. There were no significant treatment differences for IRT measures. A treatment effect was observed for the mean difference of the right horn bud minus a control point which were -1.21 kgF, -1.41 kgF, -1.56 kgF, -1.65 kgF, and -1.68 kgF for the SHAM, CON, BUP, LID + MEL, and LID groups, respectively (P = 0.004). The BUP group did not differ from CON (P = 0.78) or SHAM (P = 0.07). A treatment effect was observed for gait distance means which were 182.05 cm, 189.69 cm, 195.77 cm, 199.54 cm, and 200.59 cm for the SHAM, BUP, LID + MEL, LID and CON groups, respectively (P = 0.04). The CON group did not differ from BUP, LID, or LID + MEL (P > 0.05) but did differ from SHAM (P = 0.02). These data show that administration of bupivacaine liposome suspension at the time of dehorning was not different than lidocaine or lidocaine + meloxicam.

Effects of methylphenidate (MP) on symptom couplets associated with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in patients with advanced cancer.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 191-191
Author(s):  
Sriram Yennu ◽  
Janet L. Williams ◽  
Minjeong Park ◽  
Diane D Liu ◽  
Eduardo Bruera
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Significant Treatment Effect ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Baseline Group ◽  
Over Time

191 Background: Psychostimulant clinical trials on CRF in pts with advanced cancer suggest mixed effects on CRF. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of MP and placebo (PL) on the pts with clinically significant CRF and associated symptoms such as depression, sedation, or depression and sedation (couplets). Methods: Secondary analysis of pts who received MP as a part of 3 prospective controlled clinical trials on MP for CRF. Pts were categorized one of 4 groups, fatigue+depression (FD), fatigue+ drowsiness (FDR), fatigue+drowsiness+depression (FDDR) or fatigue only (F), and outcomes were change in FACIT-F subscale and ESAS -fatigue scores at Day 8 of treatment with MP and PL. Repeated measures analysis was applied to assess the effects of treatment over time (Day8 – Day0) among the 4 groups on FACIT-F subscale and ESAS fatigue. Results: Of the 322 evaluable pts (34 FD, 100 FDR, 78 FDDR, 107F), at Day 8 there was a significant improvement in the ESAS fatigue in MP compared to PL groups [median (IQR)-2 (-4, -1) vs 2 (-3.5,0),p = 0.03, but the difference in the change of FACIT-F between the groups was not significant [median(IQR) 8(2,17) VS7(0,12), p = 0.09). Repeated measures analysis on FACIT-F with pairwise interactions(Time X Baseline Group, Time X Treatment) shows that regardless of treatment, the increase of FACIT-F from Day0 to Day8 was significantly different between FD and F (p = 0.001) and between FDDR and F (p = 0.03).However the change over time was not significantly different between two treatment groups (p = 0.23). Furthermore, the repeated measure analysis including three term interactions(Time X Treatment X Baseline Group) indicates no significant the treatment effect on FACIT-F over time is not significantly different among the four groups (p = 0.89). Similarly, there is no significant treatment effect in ESAS fatigue score over time among the four groups. Conclusions: Although there was a general improvement in CRF (FACIT-F) scores over time, there was no significant treatment effect on this improvement over time among F or FD, or FDR, or FDDR groups defined by fatigue/depression/sedation in the whole study population. Further studies are needed.

scholarly journals The effect of a lumbar support pillow on low back pain in long distance truck drivers in the eThekweni District

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brittany Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Lumbar Support ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

A lack of adequate lumbar support when driving has been said to be an important causative factor of low back pain (LBP) in long-distance truck drivers. Health practitioners prescribe a lumbar support pillow even though the findings of several studies are uncertain. EnVision Tomorrow After Pain (ENTAP) claims that its lumbar support pillows result in an improved posture, a decrease in pain and an increase in comfort (ENTAP 2016). The ‘ENTAP Lumbar Support’ has not yet been tested on participants and, therefore, these claims cannot be currently validated. Therefore, this study intended to determine the effectiveness of the ‘ENTAP Lumbar Support Pillow’ in decreasing LBP in long-distance truck drivers. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of the ‘ENTAP Lumbar Support Pillow’ on LBP in long-distance truck drivers in terms of pain parameters (intensity and duration of pain), activities of daily living and disability when compared with a polyester lumbar support pillow and no lumbar support pillow. METHODS Sixty-three long-distance truck drivers experiencing LBP were recruited from a trucking company by random allocation. The study was a quantitative paradigm, double blinded, true experimental study design. Participants had to fill out a general questionnaire to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria. A baseline, three-week and six-week questionnaire, consisting of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Oswestry LBP Scale and the Patients‟ Global Impression of Change (PGIC) Scale. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 was used to analyse the data. The mean body mass and height were compared between the three treatment groups using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests. Repeated measures ANOVA testing was used to assess the treatment effect of the intervention group compared to the other groups (Esterhuizen 2018). Post hoc comparison of the intervention effect between time points and between treatment groups was done using a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (Esterhuizen 2018). RESULTS The NPRS within the subjects‟ contrast showed a progressive variation from baseline testing to the three week (p=0.04) and the six week (p=0.001). The profile plot revealed that the mean pain score decreased much faster in Group B ‘ENTAP Lumbar Support Pillows’ compared with both the other groups. The Oswestry LBP Disability Questionnaire score revealed that the score tests within the subjects‟ contrasts showed that the interaction of time x group was significant only at six weeks (p<0.001) compared with baseline. The profile plot showed that the mean Oswestry LBP Disability Questionnaire score decreased (improved) much faster in Group B ‘ENTAP Lumbar Support Pillow’ compared with both the other groups. There was a highly significant treatment effect overall (time x group p<0.001) for the PGIC Scale, indicating that the change in score over time was different in the two groups (p<0.001). The profile plot showed that the mean PGIC score increased (improved) in the Group B ‘ENTAP Lumbar Support Pillow’ while it decreased (worsened) in the polyester group. There was a highly significant treatment effect overall (time x group p<0.001) for the degree of change score, meaning that the change in score over time was different in the two groups. The profile plot showed that the mean degree of change score decreased (improved) in Group B ‘ENTAP Lumbar Support Pillow’ while it increased (worsened) in the Group C (polyester-filled lumbar support). All participants in both lumbar support groups answered “yes” to the question on whether they found the support comfortable at both three weeks and six-week time points. CONCLUSION The ‘ENTAP Lumbar Support Pillow’ was effective in decreasing LBP in long-distance truck drivers. It was considered to decrease LBP, improve activities of daily living and decrease disability, and it was also considered as comfortable. Therefore, the Alternate Hypothesis (Ha) which states that there will be a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in LBP in the participants who use the ‘ENTAP Lumbar Support Pillow’ compared to no lumbar support pillow and the polyester-filled lumbar support pillow is accepted and the Null Hypothesis is rejected.

Lending to the Borrower from Hell

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intelligent Model ◽  
New Evidence

Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. This book looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who continued to offer money, the book analyzes the lessons from this historical example. Using detailed new evidence collected from sixteenth-century archives, the book examines the incentives and returns of lenders. It provides powerful evidence that in the right situations, lenders not only survive despite defaults—they thrive. It also demonstrates that debt markets cope well, despite massive fluctuations in expenditure and revenue, when lending functions like insurance. The book unearths unique sixteenth-century loan contracts that offered highly effective risk sharing between the king and his lenders, with payment obligations reduced in bad times. A fascinating story of finance and empire, this book offers an intelligent model for keeping economies safe in times of sovereign debt crises and defaults.

Telemedicine for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TELE-IBD) Clinical Trial: Qualitative Assessment of Participants’ Perceptions of the TELE-IBD Intervention (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene C Quinn ◽  
Sarah Chard ◽  
Erin G Roth ◽  
J. Kevin Eckert ◽  
Katharine M Russman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, affects 1 to 3 million people in the United States. Telemedicine has shown promise in IBD. The objective of the parent study, TELE-IBD, was to compare disease activity and quality of life (QoL) in a one-year randomized clinical trial of IBD patients receiving telemedicine versus standard care. Treatment groups experienced improvements in disease activity and QoL but there was not significant differences between groups. Study adherence to the text-based intervention was less than the 80% of the targeted goal. OBJECTIVE To understand adherence to remote monitoring, the goal of this qualitative assessment was to obtain TELE-IBD trial participants’ perceptions of the TELE-IBD system, including their recommendations for future TELE-IBD monitoring. METHODS In the parent study, patients attending three tertiary referral centers with worsening IBD symptoms in the previous two years were eligible for randomization to remote monitoring via texts every other week (EOW), weekly (W) or standard care. Participants (n=348) were evenly enrolled in the treatment groups and 259 (74.4%) completed the study. For this study, a purposive sample of adherent (N=15) and non-adherent (N=14) patients was drawn from the TELE-IBD trial population. Adherence was defined as the completion of 80% or more of the W or EOW self-assessments. Semi-structured interviews conducted by phone surveyed 1) the strengths and benefits of TELE-IBD; 2) challenges associated with using TELE-IBD; and 3) how to improve the TELE-IBD intervention. Interviews were recorded, professionally transcribed, and coded based on a priori concepts and emergent themes with the aid of ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software. RESULTS Participants' discussions centered on three elements of the intervention: 1) self-assessment questions, 2) action plans, and 3) educational messages. Participants also commented on: text-based platform, depression and adherence, TELE-IBD system in place of office visit, and their recommendations for future TELE-IBD systems. Adherent and non-adherent participants prefer a flexible system that is personalized, including targeted education messages, and they perceive TELE-IBD as effective in facilitating IBD self-management. CONCLUSIONS Participants identified clear benefits to the TELE-IBD system, including obtaining a better understanding of the disease process, monitoring their symptoms, and feeling connected to their health care provider. Participants' perceptions obtained in this qualitative study will assist in improving the TELE-IBD system to be more responsive to patients with IBD. CLINICALTRIAL NCT01692743

The Right to Bodily Integrity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Brysk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Popular Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

In Chapter 7, we profile the global pattern of sexual violence. We will consider conflict rape and transitional justice response in Peru and Colombia, along with the plight of women displaced by conflict from Syria and Central America, and limited international policy response. State-sponsored sexual violence and popular resistance to reclaim public space will be chronicled in Egypt as well as Mexico. We will track intensifying public sexual assault amid social crisis in Turkey, South Africa, and India, which has been met by a wide range of public protest, legal reform, and policy change. For a contrasting experience of the privatization of sexual assault in developed democracies, we will trace campus, workplace, and military rape in the United States.

News on the Right

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Fox News ◽  
National Review ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Right

This volume seeks to initiate a new interdisciplinary field of scholarly research focused on the study of right-wing media and conservative news. To date, the study of conservative or right-wing media has proceeded unevenly, cross-cutting several traditional disciplines and subfields, with little continuity or citational overlap. This book posits a new multifaceted object of analysis—conservative news cultures—designed to promote concerted interdisciplinary investigation into the consistent practices or patterns of meaning making that emerge between and among the sites of production, circulation, and consumption of conservative news. With contributors from the fields of journalism studies, media and communication studies, cultural studies, history, political science, and sociology, the book models the capacious field it seeks to promote. Its contributors draw upon a variety of qualitative and quantitative research methods—from archival analysis to regression analysis of survey data to rhetorical analysis—to elucidate case studies focused on conservative news cultures in the United States and the United Kingdom. From the National Review to Fox News, from the National Rifle Association to Brexit, from media policy to liberal media bias, this book is designed as an introduction to right-wing media and an opening salvo in the interdisciplinary field of conservative news studies.

The Architecture of Our Discontent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochai Benkler ◽  
Robert Faris ◽  
Hal Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
News Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Media ◽  
First Year ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Integrated Media ◽  
Presidential Election Campaign

This chapter presents the book’s macrolevel findings about the architecture of political communication and the news media ecosystem in the United States from 2015 to 2018. Two million stories published during the 2016 presidential election campaign are analyzed, along with another 1.9 million stories about Donald Trump’s presidency during his first year. The chapter examines patterns of interlinking between online media sources to understand the relations of authority and credibility among publishers, as well as the media sharing practices of Twitter and Facebook users to elucidate social media attention patterns. The data and mapping reveal not only a profoundly polarized media landscape but stark asymmetry: the right is more insular, skewed towards the extreme, and set apart from the more integrated media ecosystem of the center, center-left, and left.

Law Struggles, Lawmaking, and the Politics of Hegemony in Neoliberal India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bo Nielsen ◽  
Alf Gunvald Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Fair Compensation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neoliberal India ◽  
Land Question

The chapter examines the fairness claim of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act (LARR), 2013. The author uses the utilitarian fairness standard proposed by one of the most influential American constitutional scholars of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Frank Michelman, whose study of judicial decisions from an ethical perspective by introducing the concept of “demoralization costs” has shaped the interpretational debate on takings law in the United States. Michelman’s analysis is particularly relevant for the land question in India today since there is a widespread feeling that millions of people have been unfairly deprived of their land and livelihoods. The chapter looks at the role of the Indian judiciary in interpreting the land acquisition legislation since landmark judgments affect the morale of society. It concludes that using Michelman’s standard would help in bringing about greater “fairness” than what the new legislation has achieved.

Strike Ballots, Democracy, and Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breen Creighton ◽  
Catrina Denvir ◽  
Richard Johnstone ◽  
Shae McCrystal ◽  
Alice Orchiston
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Labour Organisation ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Strike Activity ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Worked Example ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Democratic Rights ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the research upon which this book is based was empirically to investigate whether the ballot requirements in the Fair Work Act do indeed impose a significant obstacle to the taking of industrial action, and whether those provisions are indeed impelled by a legitimate ‘democratic imperative’. The book starts from the proposition that virtually all national legal systems, and international law, recognise the right to strike as a fundamental human right. It acknowledges, however, that in no case is this recognition without qualification. Amongst the most common qualifications is a requirement that to be lawful strike action must first be approved by a ballot of workers concerned. Often, these requirements are said to be necessary to protect the democratic rights of the workers concerned: this is the so-called ‘democratic imperative’. In order to evaluate the true purpose and effect of ballot requirements the book draws upon the detailed empirical study of the operation of the Australian legislative provisions noted above; a comparative analysis of law and practice in a broad range of countries, with special reference to Canada, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States; and the jurisprudence of the supervisory bodies of the International Labour Organisation. It finds that in many instances ballot requirements – especially those relating to quorum – are more concerned with curtailing strike activity than with constructively responding to the democratic imperative. Frequently, they also proceed from a distorted perception of what ‘democracy’ could and should entail in an industrial context. Paradoxically, the study also finds that in some contexts ballot requirements can provide additional bargaining leverage for unions. Overall, however, the study confirms our hypothesis that the principal purpose of ballot requirements – especially in Australia and the United Kingdom – is to curtail strike activity rather than to vindicate the democratic imperative, other than on the basis of a highly attenuated reading of that term. We believe that the end-result constitutes an important study of the practical operation of a complex set of legal rules, and one which exposes the dichotomy between the ostensible and real objectives underpinning the adoption of those rules. It also furnishes a worked example of multi-methods empirical, comparative and doctrinal legal research in law, which we hope will inspire similar approaches to other areas of labour law.

The Power to be Ethical: Controlling Moral Assemblages in Border Militias

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124162110218
Author(s):  
John R. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
Moral Landscape ◽  
The Government ◽  
Moral Certainty ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ethical Response

Every year, hundreds of U.S. citizens patrol the Mexican border dressed in camouflage and armed with pistols and assault rifles. Unsanctioned by the government, these militias aim to stop the movement of narcotics into the United States. Recent interest in the anthropology of ethics has focused on how individuals cultivate themselves toward a notion of the ethical. In contrast, within the militias, ethical self-cultivation was absent. I argue the volunteers derived the power to be ethical from the control of the dominant moral assemblage and the construction of an immoral “Other” which provided them the power to define a moral landscape that limited the potential for ethical conflicts. In the article, I discuss two instances Border Watch and its volunteers dismissed disruptions to their moral certainty and confirmed to themselves that their actions were not only the “right” thing to do, but the only ethical response available.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document