204 An Investigation into the Role of Dietary Essential Fatty Acids Ratios and Linoleic Acid Level on Growth Performance and Inflammation of Grow-finish Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
Spenser Becker ◽  
Laura L Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Linoleic Acid Level

Abstract The objective was to investigate the effects of dietary linoleic acid level and the ratio of linoleic acid:linolenic acid (n6:n3) on the growth performance and inflammatory status of grow-finish pigs. A total of 300 growing pigs (BW = 41.1 ± 6.3 kg) were randomly assigned to either a high (30 g/kg; HLA) or low (15 g/kg; LLA) linoleic acid level with a high (20:1; HR), moderate (12:1; MR) or low (4:1; LR) n6:n3 in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Diets were fed across three 28-day phases and were balanced for dietary metabolizable energy. Pigs were housed 5 pigs per pen. Blood samples were collected on weeks 1, 3, 6, and 12, and synovial fluid was collected from the hock joint on weeks 1 and 12 for inflammatory marker analysis. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) with initial body weight as a covariate, pen as the experimental unit, and linoleic acid level, ratio, and their interaction as fixed effects. Compared to HLA, LLA pigs had increased BW (P < 0.05) at d56 (103.2 vs. 101.3kg) and tended to have increased BW at d84 (P < 0.10; 129.1 vs. 127.8kg). Pigs receiving LR tended to have higher d84 BW compared to MR (P < 0.10; 129.1 vs. 127.3kg). There was no effect of linoleic acid ratio interaction for growth performance. In phase 2, pigs receiving LR had higher feed intake (P < 0.05) compared to MR. Pigs receiving HR performed intermediate of LR and MR. Overall, C-reactive protein was reduced in the plasma of pigs receiving HLA (P < 0.05; 19.3 vs. 26.2mg/mL). Across all treatments, CRP was reduced in synovial fluid and plasma in week 12 vs. week 1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LLA and a low ratio of n6:n3 improved final pig BW, and HLA is potentially beneficial in improving inflammation.

206 An Investigation into the Role of Dietary Essential Fatty Acids Ratios and Energy Level on Growth Performance, Inflammation, and Joint Health of Grow-finish Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 63-64
Author(s):  
Spenser Becker ◽  
Laura L Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy level and the ratio of linoleic acid:linolenic acid (n6:n3) on the growth performance and inflammatory status of grow-finish pigs. A total of 240 growing pigs (BW = 41.5 ± 6.1 kg) were randomly assigned to either a high (3.55 Mcal/kg; HE) or low (3.29 Mcal/kg; LE) energy dietary treatment with a high (23:1) or low (12:1) n6:n3 in a 2 x 2 factorial design (n = 16). Diets were fed across three 28-day phases and were balanced for linoleic acid inclusion. Pigs were housed 4 pigs per pen. Blood samples were collected on weeks 1, 3, 6, and 12 of the study. Synovial fluid was collected from the hock joint on weeks 1 and 12 for inflammatory marker analysis. The pen was the experimental unit and data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) with energy, ratio, and the interaction as fixed effects. Compared to LE, pigs receiving HE had increased BW (P < 0.05) at d28 (73.0 vs. 69.9kg), d56 (105.0 vs. 100.7kg), and d84 (135.3 vs. 129.9kg). For the overall period, HE had increased ADG compared to LE (1.10 vs. 1.06kg; P < 0.05) and improved G:F (0.41 vs. 0.37; P < 0.05), while LE increased ADFI compared to HE (2.88 vs. 2.72kg; P < 0.05). There was no effect of ratio or energy ratio interaction for growth performance. C-reactive protein tended to be reduced in hock synovial fluid of pigs receiving LE (1854.3 vs. 2277.3ng/mL; P < 0.10). Across all treatments, CRP was reduced in the synovial fluid and plasma in week 12 compared to week 1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary n6:n3 ratio did not impact growth performance or CRP response regardless of energy level.

scholarly journals 165 Impact of mycotoxin contamination of feed on growth performance and blood metabolites of growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
Jesus A Acosta ◽  
Gwendolyn M Jones ◽  
John F Patience
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of deoxynivalenol (DON), derived from contaminated corn, on growth performance and blood metabolites. A total of 32 growing pigs (initial BW 73.1 ± 1.2 kg; L337 × Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly allotted in individual pens to 1 of 2 treatments: a non-contaminated control diet (CTL) and a diet containing 1.8 mg DON/kg (CTL+DON). Upon analysis, CTL+DON also contained 1.9 mg zearalenone/kg and 1.0 mg total fumonisins/kg. On d 1, blood samples were obtained at 60, 120 and 240 min following resumed access to feed. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed thereafter and for 28 d in total. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with initial BW, sex and treatment as fixed effects, and blood parameters the repeated measures. Compared with CTL, pigs fed CTL+DON had decreased final BW (102.9 vs 87.5 kg; P < 0.001), ADG (1.06 vs 0.51 kg; P < 0.001) and ADFI (2.97 vs 1.54 kg; P < 0.001). Mycotoxins did not affect G:F (0.35 vs 0.32; P = 0.234 for CTL and CTL+DON, respectively). Compared to CTL, pigs fed CTL+DON had increased levels of blood cholecystokinin, a hormone involved in satiety and digestion (32.1 vs 43.3 pg/mL; P = 0.048), increased ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates appetite and promotes fat deposition (345 vs 654 pg/mL; P = 0.011), a tendency for decreased blood urea nitrogen (19.6 vs 17.1 mg/dL; P = 0.076), and increased creatine kinase (2,826 vs 4,920 IU/L; P = 0.027). No treatment differences were observed for circulating creatinine, glucose, albumin, or alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, mycotoxin contamination substantially impaired feed intake and growth. Pigs offered mycotoxin-contaminated feed had altered blood parameters related to appetite regulation and nutrient metabolism. However, it was not possible to determine if these differences were due to the mycotoxin contamination or to reduced feed intake.

Effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid level on growth performance, carcass and meat characteristics of Thai indigenous growing pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
Jamlong Mitchaothai ◽  
Chalermpon Yuangklang ◽  
Hendrik Everts ◽  
Kraisit Vasupen ◽  
Sasiphan Wongsuthavas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid Level ◽  
Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Indigenous Pigs ◽  
Deposition Processes

Presently, indigenous pig farming is relatively growing in Thailand, because Thai consumers increasingly prefer the meat of indigenous pigs. Generally, indigenous pigs tend to store more fat in their carcass than pigs of commercial breeds. The nature of the dietary fat source may have an effect on fat deposition processes in indigenous pigs and subsequently on carcass and meat characteristics. For example, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3, n-3) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that is more preferentially oxidized in the body than linoleic acid (LA, C18:2, n-6) and other fatty acids. Therefore, the supplementation of ALA in pig diets should have a more beneficial effect on animal performance than LA supplementation. However, some adverse effects, e.g. meat characteristics, might result from a higher level of ALA supplementation as well. Thus, the aim of this study was to specify the effect of dietary supplementation of ALA versus LA on growth performance, carcass and meat characteristics of pigs.

scholarly journals 191 Effects of injectable vitamin C at weaning and prior to transit on growth performance and immune function of beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Aubree M Beenken ◽  
Erin L Deters ◽  
Colten W Dornbach ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Plasma Ascorbate ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Ninety-one early-weaned (65 ± 11 d) Angus steers (92 ± 4 kg) were blocked by age to a 2 × 2 factorial examining effects of injectable vitamin C (VC) at weaning and/or prior to transport to the feedlot on antibody titers and growth performance. Injections (20 mL/steer) of VC (250 mg sodium ascorbate/mL) or saline (SAL) were given at time of weaning on d 0 (WEAN) and/or prior to a 6 hr trucking event to a feedlot on d 49 (TRANS). Steers were given booster vaccinations on d 0. Steers were weighed on d 0, 1, 14, 48, 49, 64, 106, and 107. Blood was collected (12 steers/treatment) on d 0, 1, 2, 14, 49 (pre- and post-transit), 50, and 51. Data were analyzed via Proc-Mixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; n = 22–23/treatment) with fixed effects of block, WEAN, TRANS, and WEAN × TRANS. Plasma ascorbate concentrations for weaning (d 0, 1, and 2) and transit (d 49-pre-trucking, 49-post-trucking, 50, and 51) were analyzed as repeated measures (repeated effect = day). Plasma ascorbate concentrations were greater on d 1 and 2 for steers that received VC at weaning (VC = 19.6, SAL = 8.8 ± 1.26 µM; WEAN × day P &lt; 0.01). Similarly, ascorbate concentrations were greater on d 49 post-trucking, 50, and 51 for steers that received VC pre-transit (TRANS × day P = 0.01). Treatments did not affect bodyweight or average daily gain throughout the trial (P &gt; 0.32). There were no effects of treatment on serum Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 2 antibody titers on d 14 or 51 (P &gt; 0.33). An injection of VC administered to early weaned beef steers at weaning or pre-transit increases plasma ascorbate concentrations but does not improve growth performance or antibody response to vaccination booster.

scholarly journals PSVIII-4 Live growth performance of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
Ty Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment was designed to study the effect of days on feed and an aggressive implant strategy on Jersey steer growth performance. Steers (n = 30; start of trial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments; negative control (CON) or implanted with Revalor 200 every 70 d (REV; d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) for a total of 6 implants. Steers were weighed every 35 d and daily feed delivery was recorded daily. Data for dry matter intake (DMI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were analyzed via a mixed model; the fixed effects were day and treatment. Live growth BW and average daily gain (ADG) used day as the repeated measure and animal as the subject in a repeated measures analysis. Change in BW increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01); treatments differed in BW from d 280 through d 350 (P &lt; 0.01). Average daily gain decreased (P &lt; 0.01) linearly and differed (P &lt; 0.01) at d 70, d 140, d 280, and d 350, but not (P ≥ 0.10) at d 210 or d 420. Dry matter intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for REV steers (7.6 kg/d) than CON (6.8 kg/d). Gain to feed ratio did not differ (P ≥ 0.78) between CON steers (0.13 kg/kg dry matter (DM)) and REV (0.14 kg/kg DM) steers, yet G:F differed (P &lt; 0.01) amongst periods (d 70 = 0.21 kg/kg, d 140 = 0.16 kg/kg, d 210 = 0.15 kg/kg, d 280 = 0.13 kg/kg, d 350 = 0.08 kg/kg, d 420 = 0.08 kg/kg). Aggressively implanting Jersey steers improved growth performance by 9.6%, 13.2%, 11.3%, and 7.7% for BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document