272 Managing for Efficiency and Quality Through Diet and Implant Strategies on Steers Selected for Superior Marbling

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Erika L Lundy ◽  
Aubree M Beenken ◽  
Patrick B Wall ◽  
Daniel D Loy
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Ribeye Area ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract A 144-day study assessed the effects of dietary energy and implant potency to determine optimum strategies for managing feed conversion (F:G) and marbling. Fifty-four Angus steers (327 ± 8 kg) from Iowa State University’s herd genetically selected for enhanced marbling were stratified by initial bodyweight (BW), ultrasound intramuscular fat, and age to a 2 × 3 factorial. Dietary treatments included: low energy (1.30 Mcal NEg/kg DM, 18% roughage level; LE) or high energy finishing ration (1.39 Mcal NEg/kg DM, 8% roughage; HE). Implant treatments (IMP; Merck) included: no implant (NOIMP), Revalor-IS (RIS), or Revalor-200 (R200) on d 0 and 74. Steers were fed via bunks capturing daily individual feed disappearance (n = 9 steers/treatment). Steers were weighed on d 0, 74, and 144 and harvested on d 145. Data were analyzed in Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effects of diet, IMP, and interaction. No interactions were observed for feedlot performance (P > 0.17). Steers fed HE had greater average daily gain (ADG) and final BW than LE steers (P < 0.01) while LE steers had greater F:G (P = 0.04). Final BW and ADG were greatest for R200, intermediate for RIS, and lowest for NOIMP (P < 0.01). F:G was greatest for NOIMP, intermediate for RIS, and lowest for R200 (P < 0.01). Steers fed HE had increased ribeye area (P < 0.01) and tended to have greater marbling score (P = 0.06; 809) than LE steers (769). While ribeye area increased in response to implant potency (P < 0.01), marbling score was not impacted (P = 0.21) by IMP (815, 771, 782, for NOIMP, RIS, R200, respectively). Overall, steers graded 100% Choice or higher and 55% Prime. These data suggest implants, when used appropriately, improve growth performance and efficiency in beef steers without compromising carcass quality.

287 Effects of a Novel Rumen-protected Folic Acid Supplement on Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Erin L Deters ◽  
Emma Niedermayer ◽  
Olivia N Genther-Schroeder ◽  
Christopher Blank ◽  
Remy Carmichael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract To assess effects of a novel rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) supplement, 180 Angus-cross steers (292 ± 18 kg) were blocked by body weight to pens and randomly assigned to dietary treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): target intake of 0 (CON), 30 (RPFA-30), 60 (RPFA-60), 90 (RPFA-90), 120 (RPFA-120), or 150 (RPFA-150) mg RPFA·steer-1·d-1. Steers were weighed on d -1, 0, 55, 56 (end of growing), 86, 87, 181, and 182. Liver and blood were collected (two steers/pen) before trial initiation and at the end of growing and finishing. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using ProcMixed of SAS (fixed effects of treatment and block; experimental unit of pen). Liver abscess scores were analyzed using ProcGenmod of SAS. Contrast statements evaluated polynomial effects of RPFA and compared CON vs. RPFA-30. At end of growing, RPFA linearly increased plasma folic acid (P < 0.01) and linearly decreased plasma glucose (P = 0.01). Liver folic acid concentrations at end of growing were greatest for CON, RPFA-90, and RPFA-120 (cubic P = 0.01), and growing period (d 0 to 56) average daily gain and gain:feed were greatest for CON and RPFA-120 (cubic P ≤ 0.03). At end of finishing, RPFA linearly increased plasma folic acid concentrations (P < 0.01), and liver folic acid concentrations were lesser for CON vs. RPFA-30 (P = 0.04). Severe liver abscess percentage tended to be greater for CON vs. RPFA-30 (P = 0.09), while dressing percent was lesser for CON vs. RPFA-30 (P = 0.04). Overall (d 0 to 182) carcass-adjusted gain:feed tended to be greater for CON vs. RPFA-30 (P = 0.09). Although RPFA increased plasma folic acid concentrations throughout the study, feedlot performance was not improved, possibly due to low vitamin B12 status (plasma < 200 pg/mL) of steers, regardless of treatment.

INHERITANCE AND PLANE OF NUTRITION IN SWINE: I. EFFECTS OF SEASON, PLANE OF NUTRITION, SEX AND SIRE ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Plank ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Relative Response ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Daily Gain

Four trials, involving 124 pigs, were conducted to study the effects of differing planes of nutrition on swine characteristics and to study the relative response of specific genetic groups of pigs to these differing planes. Seasonal and sex effects were also evaluated. Equalized limited feeding to a scale of 75 per cent of the U.S. N.R.C. recommended levels for bacon hogs was compared to liberal feeding wherein pigs were fed to appetite three times daily and to ad libitum feeding.Winter-fed pigs grew slower, were less efficient, had a higher dressing percentage and shorter carcasses than summer-fed pigs.As the plane of nutrition increased, average daily gains increased, feed conversion ratios were correspondingly inferior, dressing percentage rose, backfat thickness increased and area of loin and total Record of Performance score decreased.Females outgained barrows under equalized limited feeding, whereas barrows outgained females at a similar feed requirement by eating more feed under liberal feeding. Female carcasses were superior to those of barrows with a tendency for the differences to be greater under the equalized limited feeding system.Genotype × plane of nutrition interactions were significant for average daily feed consumed (P <.05), average daily gain (P <.01), length (P <.05), and total R.O.P. score (P <.01). Under equalized limited feeding pigs with the ability to gain both rapidly and efficiently tended to produce superior carcasses while under liberal feeding rapid gains seemed to reflect mainly increased feed consumption and a trend toward inferior feed conversion and fatter carcasses.

scholarly journals Impact of Fermented Liquid Potato Hash Diets on Growth Performance of Grower Pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sylvester Thomas ◽  
Arnold Tapera Kanengoni ◽  
Michael Chimonyo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

The study aimed to evaluate growth performance of grower pigs fed fermented liquid potato hash with or without exogenous enzyme. Diets containing either 200 (LFLPH) g/kg potato hash (enzyme treated or not); 400 (HFLPH) g/kg potato hash (enzyme treated or not) or no fermented potato hash (control) were formulated to provide 14 MJ/kg digestible energy (DE), 180 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 11.6 g/kg lysine. Dietary treatments were control (no FLPH), enzyme treated LFPHE and HFLPHE, and untreated LFLPH and HFLPH. The exogenous enzyme was added in treated diets to provide minimum of 560-840 TXU/TDU xylanase per kg feed, at an inclusion rate of 100 g/tonne. Diets were mixed with water at 1:2 ration and fermented for 8 hours at 25 °C room temperature before being fed to pigs. Back-slopping fermentation approach was followed to prepare diets. Twelve pigs (25±2.3 kg) per diet that were individually housed were fed ad-lib for eight weeks. Pigs were allocated to diets in complete randomized design. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. The enzyme treated FLPH diets had higher (P < 0.05) CP, lower (P > 0.05) NDF and ADF concentrations compared to untreated FLPH diets. The LFPHE diet had higher (P < 0.001) final weight, ADG and lower (P < 0.001) ADFI and FCR compared to LFPH, HLFPH and HLFPHE. It was concluded that LFPHE diet may be an alternative feed source for growing pigs as indicated by higher gain and lower intake compared to LFLPH, HFLPH and HFLPHE.

Comparison of feeding behavior between black and red Angus feeder heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wolfger ◽  
C. Quinn ◽  
G.W. Torres ◽  
M. Taylor ◽  
K. Orsel
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to compare feeding behavior between red and black Angus heifers during a 161-d finishing period as a potential explanation for performance differences. Sixty-eight single-sourced purebred red (n = 35) and black (n = 33) Angus heifers, leptin genotype TT, and average starting weight 360 kg (±19 kg) were used. Heifers were randomly and equally allocated into one of two feedlot pens, equipped with five feed bunks that recorded feeding behavior. Individual time spent at the feed bunk, interval between feeding events, feed intake, and meal frequency were recorded daily, and eating rate was calculated. Heifers were fed a barley-based diet (>75% concentrate). After 161 d, at the end of the feeding period, feedlot performance was calculated as average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed conversion rate. Additionally, carcass data were obtained from the abattoir. Overall, black Angus heifers ate more, spent more time at the feed bunk, and had more meals compared with red Angus (P < 0.001). Red Angus heifers had better gain to feed ratios (P < 0.02) and significantly more red heifers were assigned to Canadian yield category 1 (≥59% lean meat) compared with black heifers (P = 0.02), whereas black heifers had higher back fat thickness throughout the study (P ≤ 0.04). All other performance parameters (ADG and carcass weight) were not different.

THE EFFECTS OF SHEARING AND RALGRO IMPLANTS ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF LAMBS DURING THE SUMMER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. LANE ◽  
R. A. KEMP
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Daily Gain

To evaluate the effects of shearing and Ralgro® implants on the performance of fast-gaining feedlot lambs during the summer, 84 group-fed crossbred wether lambs (34.8 ± 1.8 kg) were shorn on day 0 of the feeding period (ES), shorn 3 wk later (LS), or left unshorn (NS), and either implanted with 12 mg Ralgro on day 0 (R) or not implanted (C). Lambs were blocked by initial weight. Heavy and light pens of lambs were shipped to market when the average weight within a pen was 52 kg after 40 and 55 d, respectively. Between days 0 and 40, mean average daily gain (ADG) of all lambs was 384 g and feed conversion was 4.38 kg dry matter kg−1 gain. During the first 40 d of the feeding period, shearing did not affect ADG (P > 0.05), but ES lambs had higher feed intake and poorer feed conversion than NS lambs (P < 0.05). Performance of the LS lambs was similar to the NS lambs prior to shearing, and similar to the ES lambs after shearing. A delay period between implantation and growth response was observed. Ralgro did not affect ADG between days 0 and 21 (P > 0.05) but improved ADG by 14.2% between days 21 and 40 (P < 0.01), giving an overall growth improvement of 6.5% between days 0 and 40 (P < 0.06). Ralgro had no effect on ADG after day 40. There were no interactions between the effects of shearing and Ralgro implantation on ADG (P > 0.05). Key words: Lambs, shearing, Ralgro, feedlot, summer

scholarly journals Effect of wet/dry, fresh liquid, fermented whole diet liquid, and fermented cereal liquid feeding on feed microbial quality and growth in grow-finisher pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona M O’ Meara ◽  
Gillian E Gardiner ◽  
John V O’ Doherty ◽  
David Clarke ◽  
Wayne Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Amino Acid Degradation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Abstract Fermented liquid feeding has proved beneficial for weaner pigs; however, there is limited research on its effect on the growth and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of grow-finisher pigs. Microbial decarboxylation of amino acids is associated with whole diet fermentation, while wet/dry and liquid feeding reportedly improve growth compared with dry feeding. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of wet/dry feeding and fresh, fermented whole diet, and fermented cereal liquid feeding on pig growth, feed efficiency, and carcass quality in grow-finisher pigs. Pigs were allocated to one of four dietary treatments in two experiments: 1) Single-space wet/dry feeders (WET/DRY), 2) Fresh liquid feeding (FRESH), 3) Fermented cereal liquid feeding where the cereal fraction (38% barley, 40% wheat) of the diet was fermented prior to feeding (FERM-CER), and 4) Fermented whole diet liquid feeding where the whole diet was fermented prior to feeding (FERM-WH). In exp. 1, pigs were fed the experimental diets for 68 d prior to slaughter (29.8 kg ± 0.92 SE to 102.3 kg ± 0.76 SE). Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was 1,094, 1,088, 1,110, and 955 g/d (SE = 13.0; P &lt; 0.001) and FCE was 2.26, 2.37, 2.40, and 2.88 (SE = 0.031; P &lt; 0.001) for treatments one through four, respectively. Pigs fed FERM-WH were lighter at slaughter than pigs fed the other three treatments (P &lt; 0.001). In exp. 2, pigs were on treatment for 26 d prior to slaughter (85.3 kg ± 1.69 SE to 117.5 kg ± 0.72 SE). Overall, ADG in exp. 2 was 1,103, 1,217, 1,284, and 1,140 g/d (SE = 27.9; P &lt; 0.01) and FCE was 2.78, 2.99, 2.95, and 3.09 g/g (SE = 0.071; P = 0.05), for treatments one through four, respectively. There were no significant differences observed between treatments for apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, gross energy, or ash. Higher lactic acid bacteria counts and lower Enterobacteriaceae counts and pH were observed in FERM-CER and FERM-WH compared with WET/DRY and FRESH. Ethanol concentrations were almost 4-fold higher in FERM-CER troughs than FRESH troughs and 5-fold higher in FERM-WH than FRESH troughs. To conclude, FERM-WH resulted in poorer growth and FCE compared with WET/DRY, FRESH, and FERM-CER, probably due to amino acid degradation and a loss in gross energy found in FERM-WH.

scholarly journals Specific rumen microbiome traits predict average daily gain in beef cattle under different backgrounding systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobwealth O. Omontese ◽  
Ashok K. Sharma ◽  
Samuel Davison ◽  
Emily Jacobson ◽  
Megan J. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Background Backgrounding (BKG), the stage between weaning and finishing, significantly impacts feedlot performance in beef cattle; however, the contributions of the rumen microbiome to this growth stage remain unexplored. A longitudinal study was designed to assess how BKG affects rumen bacterial communities and average daily gain (ADG) in beef cattle. At weaning, 38 calves were randomly assigned to three BKG systems for 55 days (d): a high roughage diet within a dry lot ( DL, n=13); annual cover crop within a strip plot ( CC, n=13); and perennial pasture vegetation within rotational paddocks ( PP, n=12), as before weaning. After BKG, all calves were placed in a feedlot for 142 d and finished with a high energy ration. Calves were weighed periodically from weaning to finishing to determine ADG. Rumen bacterial communities were profiled by collecting fluid samples via oral probe and sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene, at weaning, during BKG and finishing.Results Rumen bacterial communities diverged drastically among calves once they were placed in each BKG system, including sharp decreases in alpha diversity for CC and DL calves only ( P < 0.001). During BKG, DL calves showed a substantial increase of Proteobacteria, Succinivibrionaceae family ( Ruminobacter, Succinimonas ) (P<0.001), which also corresponded with greater ADG ( P < 0.05). At the finishing stage, alpha diversity decreased dramatically and Proteobacteria bloomed for all calves, with no previous alpha or beta diversity differences being retained between groups. However, at finishing, PP calves showed compensatory ADG, particularly greater than that in calves coming from DL BKG, who showed the lowest ADG ( P = 0.02). Microbe network dynamics and network traits related to centrality, connectivity, degree, number and strength of microbe-microbe interactions in the rumen were predictive of ADG during BKG and finishing.Conclusions Assessing rumen bacterial community composition, and particularly microbemicrobe interactions under different BKG systems may be useful in predicting growth performance in beef cattle. These findings underscore the importance of early post weaning stages as potential targets for feeding interventions that can modulate the rumen microbiome to enhance life-long productive performance in beef cattle.

scholarly journals Performance, carcass traits, and relative organ weight of broiler supplemented by guanidinoacetic acid: A meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Y Hardiyanto ◽  
A Jayanegara ◽  
R Mutia ◽  
S Nofyangtri
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Adenosyl Methionine ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is formed by the arginine and glycine that are catalysed by arginine:glycine amidinotransferase in the kidney. In the liver, GAA is methylated by s-adenosyl methionine and converted to creatine, then deposited into muscle as energy supply. This meta-analysis was done by integrating 20 articles from various journals. Supplementation doses ranged from 0 to 8000 ppm/kg feed. The mixed model methodology was employed with GAA level and broiler strain as fixed effects and studies as random effects. The results showed that increasing GAA level improved average daily gain day 0-21 and reduced feed conversion ratio day 0-35 (P<0.05). A higher GAA also accompanied by decreasing relative liver weight (P<0.05). GAA supplementation did not affect average daily feed intake and percentage of carcass traits (carcass, legs, breast, wings, drum, thigh) and other parameters such as abdominal fat, gizzard, heart, bursa, thymus and spleen (P>0.05). It was concluded that supplementation of GAA improved the performance of broilers.

Carcass and meat properties of six genotypes of young bulls finished under feedlot tropical conditions of Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Vazquez-Mendoza ◽  
G. Aranda-Osorio ◽  
M. Huerta-Bravo ◽  
A. E. Kholif ◽  
M. M. Y. Elghandour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Score Point

The effect of six genotypes (Zebu = Z, European Brown Swiss = EBS, Holstein = H, Z × EBS, Zebu × American Brown Swiss = ABS, Z × ABS, Z × H) on carcass and meat characteristics of young bullocks finished under feedlot conditions was tested. The Z × ABS bullocks had the highest (P = 0.001) average daily gain. The highest (P = 0.017) final liveweight was observed with Z × ABS > EBS > H genotypes. The ribeye area was larger (P = 0.012) for EBS bullocks. Both H and EBS bullocks had lowest (P = 0.001) physiological maturity; although the H bullocks had higher (P = 0.006) pelvis and heart fat values. The best (P = 0.014) conformation was obtained with the Z × ABS and Z × EBS genotypes. The greatest amount of marbling (P = 0.001) was obtained with the H genotype. In general, the crossbred genotypes showed better feedlot performance and carcass characteristics, and it seems that Holstein breed could have a an advantage from the marbling score point of view.

scholarly journals Performance, Carcass Percentage, and Production Cost for Awassi Lambs Fed High Energy Diet for Short Fattening Period

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Mysaa Ata ◽  
Fatima Al-Lataifeh ◽  
Mohammad Altarawneh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Low Energy Diet ◽  
Awassi Lambs

An experiment was conducted to indicate the effect of feeding high energy diet for 45 days on male and female Awassi lambs’ performance, carcass percentage, and cost of production. A total of twenty four Awassi lambs (12 males, and 12 females) averaging 18.2±0.70 kg body weight were used. Lambs were assigned randomly to two different groups (groups A and B); each group had twelve lambs (6 males and 6 females) and fed two different diets (low energy diet and high energy diet). Feed intake, total gain, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio was calculated and body measurements (height and length) were recorded. Lambs were slaughtered at the end of experiment, to evaluate carcass percentage. Cost of production was calculated based on ingredients’ price at the time of the experiment. Final body weight, weight gain, and average daily gain were greater (p < 0.05); while feed conversion ratio was lower (p < 0.05) for lambs fed high energy diet than lambs fed low energy diet. Body length differences measured to be greater (p < 0.05) for male lambs fed high energy diet than other lambs. Fasted weight, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage were higher (p < 0.05) for lambs fed the high energy diet. Cost of gain was lower (p < 0.05) for lambs in group B compared to lambs in group A. Therefore, the economical efficiency in this experiment was greater for lambs fed high energy diet than lambs fed the control diet during 45 days fattening period.

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