INHERITANCE AND PLANE OF NUTRITION IN SWINE: I. EFFECTS OF SEASON, PLANE OF NUTRITION, SEX AND SIRE ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS

Four trials, involving 124 pigs, were conducted to study the effects of differing planes of nutrition on swine characteristics and to study the relative response of specific genetic groups of pigs to these differing planes. Seasonal and sex effects were also evaluated. Equalized limited feeding to a scale of 75 per cent of the U.S. N.R.C. recommended levels for bacon hogs was compared to liberal feeding wherein pigs were fed to appetite three times daily and to ad libitum feeding.Winter-fed pigs grew slower, were less efficient, had a higher dressing percentage and shorter carcasses than summer-fed pigs.As the plane of nutrition increased, average daily gains increased, feed conversion ratios were correspondingly inferior, dressing percentage rose, backfat thickness increased and area of loin and total Record of Performance score decreased.Females outgained barrows under equalized limited feeding, whereas barrows outgained females at a similar feed requirement by eating more feed under liberal feeding. Female carcasses were superior to those of barrows with a tendency for the differences to be greater under the equalized limited feeding system.Genotype × plane of nutrition interactions were significant for average daily feed consumed (P <.05), average daily gain (P <.01), length (P <.05), and total R.O.P. score (P <.01). Under equalized limited feeding pigs with the ability to gain both rapidly and efficiently tended to produce superior carcasses while under liberal feeding rapid gains seemed to reflect mainly increased feed consumption and a trend toward inferior feed conversion and fatter carcasses.

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PERFORMANCE OF GILTS AND BARROWS FROM THREE BREEDING GROUPS MARKETED AT THREE LIVEWEIGHTS WHEN OFFERED DIETS CONTAINING TWO LEVELS OF DIGESTIBLE ENERGY FOR A LIMITED PERIOD PER DAY

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas70-020 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 161-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. J. SKITSKO ◽

J. P. BOWLAND

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Digestible Energy ◽

Feeding Methods ◽

Yorkshire Pigs ◽

Dressing Percentage ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Market Weights

The influence of high (HE) and low (LE) digestible energy diets fed for two 1-hr periods per day on the performance of Duroc × Yorkshire, Hampshire × Yorkshire, or Yorkshire × Yorkshire pigs marketed at 68, 91 or 114 kg liveweight was studied. Under the feeding system employed, daily feed intake averaged 2.01 kg and did not differ between dietary groups. The HE diet containing 3652 kcal DE/kg improved (P < 0.01) rate of gain and feed conversion compared with the LE diet containing 2757 kcal DE/kg. DE requirement averaged 9.89 Mcal/kg gain and did not differ between dietary groups. Carcasses from pigs fed the HE diet had higher dressing percentage, greater total backfat thickness, and lower ratio of loin to backfat thickness, percent lean in the ham face, ham as a percent of carcass and Canadian ROP score.Barrows had a higher daily feed consumption and average daily gain but were inferior to gilts in feed conversion. Gilts were superior to barrows in all carcass measurements except dressing percentage, where differences were nonsignificant.Breeding groups differed (P < 0.01) in rate of gain, feed conversion, and dressing percentage and their carcasses differed in loin area and length. Feed required per unit gain increased with increasing market weights but gain did not differ. With increasing market weights, dressing percentage, length, loin area and total backfat thickness increased while the ham as a percent of carcass and ROP scores decreased. Market weight did not significantly alter the ratio of loin area to total backfat, suggesting that the present Canadian carcass grading standards should be extended to cover a greater weight range without penalty.Major significant interactions for average daily gain existed between diet by sex and diet by breeding group and for feed conversion between diet by sex. The data indicate that sex and breeding background of market pigs are important considerations in formulation of energy requirements. Use of LE diets or of feeding methods that restrict DE intake may mask potential differences that exist between groups.

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PENAMBAHAN DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) SEBAGAI “ADDITIVE” DALAM AIR MINUM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.39.1.2019.23645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Desben Kogoya ◽

J S Mandey ◽

L J Rumokoy ◽

M N Regar

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Native Chicken ◽

Daily Gain

UTILIZATION OF “GEDI LEAF (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) AS“ADDITIVE” IN DRINKING WATER RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN SUPER NATIVE CHICKEN. Research was done to evaluate the performance of Indonesian super native chicken treated with “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) as“Additive” in drinking water. Study was conducted using hundred individuals of the Indonesian super native day old chicken. The juice of “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) was given as in forms of the four treatments as follows, drinking water without “Gedi” leaf as control (P0), drinking water with 10 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P1), drinking water with 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P2), and drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3). Treatments were applied to the birds at 6 weeks old by completely randomized design five replications at each treatment. Data were taken during 5 weeks. Feeds were using 73 percents of commercial feed added by 10 percents of corn and 17 percents of rice bran with nutritional composition of crude protein 19.49 percents, crude fiber 4.66 percents, fat 3.63 percents, Calcium 1.02 percents, Phosphorus 0.66 percents and metabolic energy of 2920 kcal/kg, all given ad libitum. Variables measurement were focused on feed consumption, drinking water consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion. Results showed that drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3) was not significantly different with other treatments for feed and drinking water consumption, except for average daily gain and feed conversion. The treatments of P1 and P2 were not significantly different for average daily gain, but these treatments were higher in average daily gain compared with control (P0). The highest value of feed conversion was obtained at treatment P3 and the lowest value was found at treatment P1. These values indicated that the best feed conversion was treatment P1. Therefore, it can be concluded that juice of “Gedi” leaf can be used as the alternative additive feed in drinking water up to 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water in term of high average daily gain and feed conversion of Indonesian super native chicken. Key words: Drinking water, “Gedi” leaf, Indonesian super native chicken.

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Pengaruh Suplementasi Ampas Tahu, Ampas Tempe dan Ampas Kecap dalam Ransum Terhadap Performan Domba Lokal Jantan

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.5.1.1-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eka Handayanta

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this research to determine the effect of supplementation of tofu. tempe, and soy sauce waste in ration on male local sheep performance. This research was carried out during three month, take place on July until October 200E in Minifarm Dept. of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, located in Jatikuwung. Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. It used 12 male local sheeps with average body weight of 15.86 ±0.93 kg, divided into four treatments and three replications, each replication consist of one sheep. The ration consisted of king grass only as basal diet, as many as four percent base on body weight. The treatment given is in the form of feed supplement, that namely without supplement (RO), 250 gram tofu waste (R1), 250 gram tempe waste (R2), and 250 gram soy sauce waste (R3). The data variables collected were feed consumption, dry and organic matter digestibility, crude protein consumption, energy consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. All of data except average daily gain was analyzed by completely randomized design one way classification. While average daily gain was analyzed by covariance analyze. The result were significant followed by Duncan new multiple range test. The result showed that average of R0, RI, R2 and R3 for feed consumption 430.52; 720.44; 704.44; 549.08 gram/day, dry matter digestibility (%) 61,07; 72,46; 69,68: 63,60, organic matter digestibility (%) 64,41: 74,94; 72.41; 64,7 1, crude protein consumption 47.66; 106.77; 85.83; 73.70 gram/day, energy consumption 281.82; 482.65; 432.67; 330.83 gram/day, average daily gain 50.00.1X00: 116.19; 38.10 gram/day and feed conversion ratio 8.74; 5.61; 6.06; 15.2. The result of variance analyze showed that feed supplementation have highly significant effect (P<0.01) on all of the data variable colected. Conclusion of this research was supplementation of tofu waste and tempe waste could improved performance, while soy sauce waste could not improved the performance of male local sheep. Key words : sheep, tofu waste, tempe waste, soy sauce waste, performance

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The Utilization of Sonneratia alba and Avicennia lanata Leaves on the Performance of Jawarandu Goats

Jurnal Peternakan Integratif ◽

10.32734/jpi.v7i3.3387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

S Maulana

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Mangrove Ecosystems ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sonneratia Alba ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain

S. alba leaves and A. lanata leaves are forages that grow in mangrove ecosystems which are considered potential to support the performance of goat jawarandu. This study aims to determine the effect of the leaves of S. alba and A. lanata on the performance of jawarandu goats. This research was conducted in Environment XII of Seberang Fishermen Village, Belawan I Village, Medan Belawan District, Medan City. The study lasted for 3 months, starting in July to October 2019. The research method was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications so that there were 12 male goats that were kept with an average initial body weight of 14.65 ± 1.65. The treatments given were leaves of S. alba and A. lanata with a ratio of P1 (100: 0); P2 (50:50); and P3 (0: 100). The research parameters are Feed Consumption, Average Daily Gain , and Feed Conversion. The results showed that the utilization of the S. alba and A. lanata leaves had a significant effect on feed consumption and average daily gain, but did not significantly effect on feed conversion. It can be concluded that the utilization of S. alba leaves gives a greater effect on the performance of goat jawarandu compared to A. lanata leaves or combination feed.

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POSTWEANING GROWTH RATE AND FEED CONVERSION RATIO OF LAMBS FED DIETS BASED ON CONCENTRATE VERSUS ROUGHAGES

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas89-074 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 619-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. H. FAHMY ◽

P. M. FLIPOT ◽

M. S. WOLYNETZ ◽

J. E. COMEAU

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

The Other ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Group Ranking ◽

Group Basis ◽

Daily Gain

Sets of twin lambs from both sexes representing 11 genetic groups were fed either concentrate (HE) or roughage (LE) diets from weaning to 32 kg liveweight. One lamb from each set received the HE diet while the other received the LE diet. Data on average daily gain (ADG), relative ADG (RADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were analyzed to test for the presence of a genotype × diet interaction; this effect was significant for RADG. Although the ranking of the genetic groups with respect to RADG depended upon diet, the group ranking highest on HE was also the highest on LE. The set of twins × diet interaction was not significant for ADG or RADG. The results support the present practice in test stations of feeding lambs concentrate rations to identify their potential for growth and basing growth comparisons on a within genetic group basis. Key words: Genotype × diet interaction, growth rate, feed conversion ratio

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A GnRF vaccine (Improvac®) and porcine somatotropin (Reporcin®) have synergistic effects upon growth performance in both boars and gilts

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar02037 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

I. McCauley ◽

M. Watt ◽

D. Suster ◽

D. J. Kerton ◽

W. T. Oliver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Boar Taint ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Daily Injection ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Entire Study ◽

Porcine Somatotropin ◽

Daily Gain

The use of a vaccine (Improvac) directed against gonadotrophin-releasing factor (GnRF), to prevent boar taint in male pigs, is also associated with an increase in feed consumption, growth, and higher deposition of subcutaneous fat. Daily administration of porcine somatotropin (pST) consistently increases average daily gain, and feed conversion efficiency, and reduces subcutaneous fat, particularly in gilts. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of combining these treatments in boars and gilts. Forty-eight pigs (Large White × Landrace), housed individually, were used in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment with the respective factors being vaccination with GnRF vaccine (at 14 and 18 weeks of age), daily injection with pST (from 18 weeks to slaughter at 22 weeks), and sex (boars and gilts). Performance was measured over the period of pST administration. Over the entire 28 days of the study, daily gain was lower for gilts than for boars (1216 v. 1410 g/day, P < 0.001), was increased by pST (1219 v. 1407 g/day, P < 0.001), but not significantly altered by vaccination against GnRF (1284 v. 1342 g/day, P = 0.15). However, GnRF vaccination increased daily gain in the second 2 weeks of the study, and overall, there were interactions such that the vaccine increased gain in all groups except boars not receiving pST. Feed intake over the study period was less for gilts than for boars (3139 v. 3407 g/day, P < 0.001), was decreased by pST (3537 v. 3009 g/day, P < 0.001), and increased by vaccination against GnRF (3139 v. 3407 g/day, P < 0.001). When averaged over the entire study, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher for gilts than for boars (2.76 v. 2.51, P = 0.013), was decreased by pST (3.05 v. 2.22, P < 0.001), but unchanged by vaccination against GnRF (2.62 v. 2.65, P = 0.70). Fat deposition was lower in gilts than in boars (335 v. 378 g/day, P = 0.037), was decreased by pST treatment ((442 v. 271 g/day, P < 0.001), and increased by vaccination against GnRF (333 v. 379 g/day, P = 0.026). In boars, fat androstenone was reduced by vaccination against GnRF (0.10 v. 2.47 μg/g, P < 0.001) and tended to be reduced by pST (1.71 v. 2.44, P = 0.10), but only vaccination against GnRF reduced skatole (0.174 v. 0.050 μg/g, P < 0.001). The combination of the treatments in all cases was at least additive, and in some cases synergistic. The concomitant vaccination against GnRF and treatment with pST affords an opportunity to increase growth rate and feed intake above control levels and above those of pigs treated with either treatment alone.

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Comparison of feeding behavior between black and red Angus feeder heifers

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2014-0161 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 404-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Wolfger ◽

C. Quinn ◽

G.W. Torres ◽

M. Taylor ◽

K. Orsel

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Eating Rate ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feedlot Performance ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Red Angus ◽

Feed Conversion Rate ◽

Angus Heifers ◽

Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to compare feeding behavior between red and black Angus heifers during a 161-d finishing period as a potential explanation for performance differences. Sixty-eight single-sourced purebred red (n = 35) and black (n = 33) Angus heifers, leptin genotype TT, and average starting weight 360 kg (±19 kg) were used. Heifers were randomly and equally allocated into one of two feedlot pens, equipped with five feed bunks that recorded feeding behavior. Individual time spent at the feed bunk, interval between feeding events, feed intake, and meal frequency were recorded daily, and eating rate was calculated. Heifers were fed a barley-based diet (>75% concentrate). After 161 d, at the end of the feeding period, feedlot performance was calculated as average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed conversion rate. Additionally, carcass data were obtained from the abattoir. Overall, black Angus heifers ate more, spent more time at the feed bunk, and had more meals compared with red Angus (P < 0.001). Red Angus heifers had better gain to feed ratios (P < 0.02) and significantly more red heifers were assigned to Canadian yield category 1 (≥59% lean meat) compared with black heifers (P = 0.02), whereas black heifers had higher back fat thickness throughout the study (P ≤ 0.04). All other performance parameters (ADG and carcass weight) were not different.

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THE EFFECTS OF SHEARING AND RALGRO IMPLANTS ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF LAMBS DURING THE SUMMER

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas90-093 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 743-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. F. LANE ◽

R. A. KEMP

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Response ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Average Weight ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Feedlot Performance ◽

Feedlot Lambs ◽

Daily Gain

To evaluate the effects of shearing and Ralgro® implants on the performance of fast-gaining feedlot lambs during the summer, 84 group-fed crossbred wether lambs (34.8 ± 1.8 kg) were shorn on day 0 of the feeding period (ES), shorn 3 wk later (LS), or left unshorn (NS), and either implanted with 12 mg Ralgro on day 0 (R) or not implanted (C). Lambs were blocked by initial weight. Heavy and light pens of lambs were shipped to market when the average weight within a pen was 52 kg after 40 and 55 d, respectively. Between days 0 and 40, mean average daily gain (ADG) of all lambs was 384 g and feed conversion was 4.38 kg dry matter kg−1 gain. During the first 40 d of the feeding period, shearing did not affect ADG (P > 0.05), but ES lambs had higher feed intake and poorer feed conversion than NS lambs (P < 0.05). Performance of the LS lambs was similar to the NS lambs prior to shearing, and similar to the ES lambs after shearing. A delay period between implantation and growth response was observed. Ralgro did not affect ADG between days 0 and 21 (P > 0.05) but improved ADG by 14.2% between days 21 and 40 (P < 0.01), giving an overall growth improvement of 6.5% between days 0 and 40 (P < 0.06). Ralgro had no effect on ADG after day 40. There were no interactions between the effects of shearing and Ralgro implantation on ADG (P > 0.05). Key words: Lambs, shearing, Ralgro, feedlot, summer

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EFFECT OF QUALITY AND LEVEL OF GROUND FORAGE IN RATIONS FOR FINISHING STEERS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas70-093 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 677-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. A. ROBERTSON ◽

S. E. BEACOM

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Finishing Steers ◽

Medium Quality ◽

Dressing Percentage ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Good Medium

Good, medium and poor quality forages were ground and added, at levels of 20, 45, 70 and 95%, to complete mixed rations for finishing long-yearling steers. Dry-rolled barley, supplemented with vitamin A, minerals and an antibiotic, constituted the remainder of each ration. The rations were self-fed to groups of eight steers, four Charolais × Hereford and four Aberdeen Angus. Increasing the level of forage reduced average daily gain, efficiency of feed conversion and dressing percentage and increased days on feed. Generally, the effect of roughage quality on these criteria was significant only at the 95% level of medium quality forage and at the 70 and 95% levels of poor quality forage. The rate of gain (1.04 kg daily) and carcass grades (87% Canada Choice or Good) of steers fed 95% good quality forage indicated the potential for producing finished beef in areas where good quality forages can be produced more economically than grain. The Charolais crossbred steers gained significantly faster, required a longer feeding period to reach a preselected degree of finish, and received a lower average carcass grade than the Angus steers.

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PSVII-15 Performance, digestibility and ruminal morphophysiology of water buffaloes finished in feedlot

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.540 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 300-301

Author(s):

Amanna G Jacaúna ◽

André M Castilhos ◽

Caroline L Francisco ◽

Paulo R L Meirelles ◽

Lúcia M Zeoula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Feedlot Performance ◽

Water Buffaloes ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Ruminal Epithelium ◽

The Mean ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract This study evaluated the digestibility and ruminal morphophysiology of water buffaloes finished in feedlot and receiving concentrate diet ad libitum (corn silage, ground corn, cottonseed meal, urea, and premix). Seventy-eight male water buffaloes of different genetic groups (GG; Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 26 animals for each GG; 378.57±42.76 kg of initial body weight - BW) were used. The digestibility evaluation was performed and the feces samples were collected after 84 days, for 13 consecutive days [10 days of data collection for dry matter intake (DMI) calculation, and three days of feces collection]. Samples of the ruminal epithelium were collected for morphological and histological analysis of the ruminal papillae postmortem. There was no effect of the GG for digestibility (P = 0.15). Jafarabadi and Mediterranean showed superior feedlot performance compared to Murrah (P < 0.01) for average daily gain (1.57, 1.60, and 1.29, in kg/day, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=0.07). In addition, Mediterranean presented higher values for DMI than the other GG (2.14, 2.47, and 2.21, in %BW, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=0.07). Effect of the GG was verified for the variable epithelium (P < 0.01), for which Murrah obtained higher value than other GG (49.14, 48.99, and 55.46, in µm, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=4.97). Tendency was detected for papillae width (P = 0.09) for which Mediterranean showed a smaller value compared to Jafarabadi, while Murrah did not differ from both GG (0.338, 0.303, and 0.316, in mm, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=0.016). The mean number of papillae showed tendency for the GG (PP = 0.09) with the highest value for the Mediterranean (56.48, 66.31, and 58.04, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=13.88). In conclusion, GG of water buffaloes have some differences in feedlot performance and ruminal traits; however, these characteristics do not affect digestibility. Supported by FAPESP (#2014/05473-7).

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