313 Effects of Bismuth Subsalicylate on Ruminal Fermentation of Cattle Consuming a Feedlot Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Kenneth S Madrid ◽  
Andrea M Osorio ◽  
Francine M Ciriaco ◽  
Igor Gomes Fávero ◽  
Kaue T Tonelli Nardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Low Sulfur

Abstract A replicated 3 × 3 Latin square was used to determine the effects of bismuth subsalicylate on ruminal fermentation parameters of beef cattle consuming a feedlot diet. Six ruminally-cannulated Angus-crossbred steers (n = 3; 573 ± 105 kg BW) and heifers (n = 3; 553 ± 77 kg BW) were assigned 1 of 3 treatments: 1) low sulfur (S = 0.27% diet DM; LSUL); 2) high sulfur (S = 0.38% diet DM; HSUL); and 3) HSUL + 0.33% bismuth subsalicylate in diet DM; (BSS). Cattle were adapted to treatments for 14 d followed by 7 d of collections. Ruminal gas cap samples were collected at 0, 4, 8, and 12 h post-feeding on d 14, and ruminal fluid samples were collected on d 15 every 3 h post-feeding for 24 h. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Treatment tended (P = 0.099) to affect H2S concentration where BSS and LSUL were 50 and 61% lesser when compared to HSUL, respectively. A tendency (P = 0.061) was also observed for concentration of NH3-N where HSUL and BSS were lesser than CTRL. There was also a tendency for a treatment effect (P = 0.082) where HSUL had a lower pH than LSUL with BSS being intermediate. Furthermore, treatment tended (P = 0.0712) to affect the concentration of acetate where HSUL was lesser than BSS. No effect of treatment (P ≥ 0.124) was observed on total VFA concentration nor concentrations of butyrate, propionate, or valerate (P ≥ 0.138). Treatment tended (P = 0.084) to affect branched chain VFA concentration where BSS decreased concentrations compared to LSUL. Molar proportions of the major VFA were not impacted by treatment (P ≥ 0.100). In conclusion, BSS appears to decrease H2S production in the rumen without having negative effects on the fermentation profile.

scholarly journals Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
Juan J. Loor ◽  
Philip C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.

Effects of roughage type on particle separation, rumination, fiber mat characteristics, in situ degradation, and ruminal fermentation parameters in beef steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L Lockard ◽  
Caleb G Lockard ◽  
Wyatt N Smith ◽  
Kendall J Karr ◽  
Ben P Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Six ruminally cannulated steers (average BW = 791 + 71 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment to determine the effects of roughage type on rumination, fiber mat characteristics, and rumen fermentation variables. Three roughages were included at 7% (DM basis) in a steam flaked corn-based diet; cotton burrs (CB), wheat silage (WS), or corn stalks (CS). Steers were fitted with a sensory collar to record rumination behaviors in 2-h intervals at the beginning of the experiment. Each 30-d period consisted of a 7-d of recovery, 14-d of diet adaptation, 7-d of rumination data collection (daily and bi-hourly average rumination), 1-d of rumen fluid collection, and 1-d of rumen evacuations. In situ degradation of individual roughages was determined for 4-d after period 3 evacuations. During rumen evacuations, ruminal contents were removed; the rumen fiber mat (RF) was separated from the liquid portion with a 2 mm sieve, weighed, and a subsample was dried. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with steer as the experimental unit and roughage (CB, WS, and CS) as the main effect. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not different for CB and WS (P = 0.25) and greatest for steers consuming CS diet (P  < 0.01). Roughage type did not influence the weight of the RF dry matter (%; DM; P = 0.92), RF weight (P = 0.69), or RF:DMI ratio (P = 0.29). Daily rumination (min/d) did not differ among roughages (P = 0.40), but min of rumination/kg of DMI was greatest for CS (18.0 min), min/kg of NDF was greatest for WS (89.8 min; P = 0.02), and min/kg of peNDF was greatest for CS (132.4 min; P  < 0.01). Wheat silage had the greatest percentage of soluble DM and CB-R and CS-R (P  < 0.01) had the greatest ruminal degraded DM fraction. Rumen fiber mat did not differ for roughages, although rumination min/kg of DMI and peNDF was greatest for steers consuming CS and WS. In situ degradation determined that CB-R and CS-R had the greatest percentage of ruminal degraded DM. Based on the objective of the experiment, roughage type did not influence daily rumination or fiber mat characteristics.

scholarly journals Relations of Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Microbial Matters to Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Rumen Fluid of Dairy Cows at Different Milk Stages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyuan Liu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Guobin Luo ◽  
Hangshu Xin ◽  
Yonggen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether relationships exist between odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) originating from milk fat and the corresponding data of ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial populations, and base contents that were used to mark microbial protein in rumen. Nine lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body weights and parity were selected in this study, and the samples of rumen and milk were collected at the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. The rumen and milk samples were collected over three consecutive days from each cow, and the ruminal and milk OBCFA profiles, ruminal fermentation parameters, bacterial populations, and base contents were measured. The results showed that the concentrations of OBCFAs, with the exception of C11:0 and C15:0, were significantly different between milk and rumen (p < 0.05). The concentrations of anteiso-fatty acids in milk were higher than those in rumen, and the contents of linear odd-chain fatty acids were higher than those of branched-chain fatty acids in both milk and rumen. Significant relationships that existed between the concentrations of C11:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C15:0, and anteiso-C17:0 in rumen and milk (p < 0.05). The total OBCFA content in milk was positively related to the acetate molar proportion but negatively correlated with isoacid contents (p < 0.05). The populations of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefacients, and Eubacterium ruminantium were significantly related to milk C13:0 contents (p < 0.05). The adenine/N ratio was negatively related to milk OBCFA content (p < 0.05) but positively associated with the iso-C15:0/iso-C17:0 ratio (p < 0.05). Milk OBCFAs were significantly correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, ruminal bacterial populations, and base contents. Milk OBCFAs had the potential to predict microbial nitrogen flow, and the prediction equations for ruminal microbial nitrogen flow were established for OBCFAs in dairy milk.

scholarly journals Effects of different planes of milk feeding and milk total solids concentration on growth, ruminal fermentation, health, and behavior of late weaned dairy calves during summer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shiasi Sardoabi ◽  
M. Alikhani ◽  
F. Hashemzadeh ◽  
M. Khorvash ◽  
M. Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Structural Growth ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Background In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using high quantities of milk or milk replacer (MR) in heat-stressed calves to alleviate the negative effects of high environmental temperatures on their performance. However, observations have indicated a decline in growth performance in the weaning and post-weaning period, which might be optimized with increasing total solids (TS) in milk and weaning age. This study aims to optimize the effects of higher quantities of milk on late weaned calves' performance by increasing TS concentration or delivery route in summer conditions. Method Forty-eight newborn Holstein calves were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the factors of pre-weaning total plane of milk (PM) intake (low vs. high) and milk TS content (12% vs. 17%). The treatments were (1) low PM (LPM) intake with 12% TS (TS intake = 45.9 kg), (2) LPM intake with 17% TS (TS intake = 65.1 kg), (3) high PM (HPM) intake with 12% TS (TS intake = 63.7 kg); and (4) HPM intake with 17% TS (TS intake = 90.3 kg). Calves were weaned at d 83, and the study was terminated at d 103 of age. Performance data (every 10 day), skeletal growth (d 80 and 100), ruminal fermentation parameters (d 48 and 91), and behavioral measurements (d 69, 70, 93 and 94) were analyzed as repeated measurements with PROC MIXED of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Results Calves receiving HPM consumed less PMR from d 44 to 83 of age, but they had higher ADG from d 24 to 53 of age compared to those fed LPM (PM × age, P < 0.001). In addition, calves receiving milk with 17% TS had lower PMR intake from d 14 to 83 of age, but greater ADG from d 34 to 53 compared to those receiving milk with 12% TS (TS × age, P < 0.001). Calves that received HPM had greater skeletal growth parameters compared to LPM-fed calves, with a similar effect evident for calves fed milk with 17% TS compared with those fed milk with 12% TS. Calves receiving milk with 17% TS had greater fecal scores and diarrhea occurrence than those fed milk with 12% TS in HPM, but not LPM. Conclusions Increasing PM and milk TS concentration improved growth in summer-exposed calves as demonstrated by increased pre-weaning ADG, pre- and post-weaning BW, and structural growth.

scholarly journals The Inclusion of Concentrate with Quebracho Is Advisable in Two Forage-Based Diets of Ewes According to the In Vitro Fermentation Parameters

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Jose Rufino-Moya ◽  
Mireia Blanco ◽  
Sandra Lobón ◽  
Juan Ramon Bertolín ◽  
Ramón Armengol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Forage Diets

Ewes receive hay or graze on fresh pastures supplemented with concentrates to fulfil their lactation requirements. Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) can be added to change the ruminal fermentation. Fermentation parameters of forages alone and 70:30 forage:concentrate diets with control and quebracho concentrate were compared after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Fresh forage diets produced less gas (p < 0.05) and had greater IVOMD (p < 0.001), ammonia (NH3-N) content, valeric acid, branched-chain volatile fatty acid proportions, and lower propionic acid proportion than the hay diets (p < 0.01). In the hay diets, methane production increased with control concentrate (p < 0.01) and tended to decrease with quebacho concentrate (p < 0.10). The inclusion of both concentrates increased the acetic:propionic ratio (p < 0.01), and only the inclusion of quebracho concentrate increased the IVOMD (p < 0.01). In the fresh forage diets, gas and methane production increased with the inclusion of the control concentrate (p < 0.05), but methane production decreased with quebracho concentrate (p < 0.01). The inclusion of quebracho concentrate reduced the NH3-N content and valeric acid proportion (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of quebracho concentrate would be advisable to reduce the CH4 production and NH3-N content in fresh forage diets and to increase the IVOMD in hay diets in comparison with the forages alone.

scholarly journals Effects of rumen-protected arginine supplementation and arginine-HCl injection on site and extent of digestion and small intestinal amino acid disappearance in forage-fed steers1

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M Meyer ◽  
Sharnae I Klein ◽  
Marsha Kapphahn ◽  
Dan V Dhuyvetter ◽  
Robert E Musser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Intestinal Delivery ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Abstract Four ruminally and intestinally cannulated steers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to evaluate effects of rumen-protected Arg supplementation or intravenous Arg injection on small intestinal delivery of AA, site and extent of digestion, and ruminal fermentation. Steers were fed grass hay (7.2% CP, 67.6% NDF, 0.29% Arg) for ad libitum intake with no additional Arg (CON), 54-mg L-Arg/kg BW injected intravenously (Arg-INJ), 180-mg rumen-protected L-Arg/kg BW daily (Arg-RP180), or 360-mg rumen-protected L-Arg/kg BW daily (Arg-RP360). Half of each treatment dose was administered twice daily. Each period had a 7-d washout of hay only followed by a 14-d treatment and collection period. Ruminal disappearance (%) of Arg was greater (P &lt; 0.001) for both Arg-RP treatments than CON and Arg-INJ, although the amount of Arg disappearing was greatest in Arg-RP360, followed by Arg-RP180, and least in CON and Arg-INJ (P &lt; 0.001). Duodenal flow and small intestinal disappearance (g/d) of Arg was greatest in Arg-RP360, followed by Arg-RP180, and least in CON and Arg-INJ (P &lt; 0.004). Ileal flow of Arg was greatest in Arg-RP360, intermediate in Arg-RP180, and least in CON (P = 0.01) because the proportional small intestinal disappearance of Arg was not different (P = 0.96). Steers fed Arg-RP360 had greater (P = 0.01) ileal flow of Orn and tended to have greater (P = 0.09) ileal flow of Glu than all other treatments. There were no differences in hay or total DMI, microbial efficiency, or OM, NDF, or ADF digestibility (P ≥ 0.10). Total N intake and duodenal N flow were greater in Arg-RP360 than all other treatments (P ≤ 0.02). Total tract N digestibility was greatest in Arg-RP360, followed by Arg-RP180, and least in CON and Arg-INJ (P = 0.003). Ruminal ammonia was greater (P = 0.004) in Arg-RP360 compared with CON and Arg-INJ and greater (P = 0.06) in Arg-RP180 than CON. There was no effect of treatment (P ≥ 0.37) on total VFA, acetate, propionate, or butyrate concentrations. Results indicate that feeding rumen-protected Arg increases small intestinal Arg flow with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and total tract digestibility of OM and fiber.

Effect of dietary lipid inclusion from byproduct-based pellets on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestion in finishing beef heifers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faustin Joy ◽  
Jordan A Johnson ◽  
Paweł Górka ◽  
John McKinnon ◽  
Steve Hendrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lipid Inclusion ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was designed to evaluate dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, ruminal digesta outflow, omasal flow of N constituents, and ruminal and total-tract digestibility in response to increasing dietary lipid content derived from high-lipid byproduct-based pellets for finishing beef cattle. Five ruminally cannulated heifers were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Dietary treatments were iso-nitrogenous with increasing ether extract (EE) concentrations resulting in dietary concentrations of 3.5, 4.2, 4.7, 5.1 and 5.9% of dry matter. Periods were 28 d in duration with the first 19 d used for dietary adaptation and the last 9 d for sample and data collection. Dry matter intake, ruminal pH, omasal flow of N constituents, and SCFA concentrations were not affected by increasing dietary EE content (P ≥ 0.10). Increasing dietary EE content increased outflow of EE from the rumen (P < 0.001). Apparent ruminal and total-tract digestibility of EE increased linearly (P ≤ 0.03) with increasing dietary EE levels. Results indicate that increasing dietary EE content from 3.5 up to 5.9% of DM by including high-lipid byproduct-based pellets does not alter site of nutrient digestibility with no negative effects on nutrient intake, ruminal fermentation, or apparent ruminal and total-tract digestibility.

scholarly journals Effects of xylanase supplementation on feed intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation in Rambouillet sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. VALLEJO ◽  
A. Z. M. SALEM ◽  
L. M. CAMACHO ◽  
A. M. KHOLIF ◽  
M. D. MARIEZCURRENA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme

SUMMARYThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of adding xylanase enzyme (XY) to a basal diet containing 300 g maize stover and 700 g concentrate/kg dry matter (DM) on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, total tract and ruminal digestibility, as well as some blood parameters. Four male Rambouillet sheep (39 ± 1·8 kg body weight), with permanent rumen and duodenum cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Sheep were fed a basal diet without xylanase addition (control, XY0), or with the addition of xylanase at 1 (XY1), 3 (XY3) or 6 (XY6) μl/g of diet DM for 84 days, with four 21-day experimental periods. Feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters were determined on days 16–21 in each experimental period, and the apparent ruminal neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility was determined on days 16 and 17. Treatments XY1 and XY3 increased feed intake, whereas digestibility was increased with XY6. Ruminal NDF digestibility increased when sheep were fed diets treated with xylanase. Ruminal pH, ammonia-N and acetic acid increased with xylanase treated diets. Propionic acid concentration increased with diet XY1 at 3 h post-feeding, but after 9 h post-feeding its concentration decreased in the rumen of sheep fed xylanase treated diets. Xylanase had no effect on blood urea, phosphorus and triglycerides. Addition of xylanase at 6 µl/g DM in a diet containing 300 g maize stover and 700 g concentrate/kg DM and fed to Rambouillet sheep improved feed digestibility and ruminal fermentation without affecting blood parameters.

scholarly journals Citrus pulp in lamb diets: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lucas Terra Peixoto ◽  
Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽  
Carlos Elysio Moreira da Fonseca ◽  
Elizabeth Dos Santos Moura ◽  
Karla Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the viability of replacing corn meal with citrus pulp (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % dry matter of corn meal) by evaluating several nutritional parameters such as intake and digestibility of nutrients, and ruminal fermentation parameters. The diets were formulated to be isoproteic with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40. Five crossbred lambs with an initial average weight of 26.1 ± 1.8 kg were used and distributed in a 5 x 5 Latin Square design. For digestibility of nutrients was carried out to feed, orts, and feces collection. The evaluated nutrients were dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, neutral detergent fiber, fiber acid detergent and lignin. Were determined nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions, and ruminal fermentation parameters (N-NH 3 and ruminal pH). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis (t-test; ? = 0.05). Citrus pulp inclusion in the diets did not affect intake and digestibility of nutrients, or the pH and the NH3-N content of the rumen fluid. Citrus pulp can be used as a total substitute for corn in concentrate or up to 26.5% in the total ration for lambs (dry basis). </p>

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