PSXVI-2 Response of ileal microbiota composition and immunity function to xylanase supplementation in broilers fed wheat-based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Sujie Liu ◽  
Shenfei Long ◽  
Jiayu Ma ◽  
Xiangshu Piao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract A total of 112 one-day-old broilers (initial BW 48.03 ± 0.33 g) were selected to investigate effects of xylanase (AT-xynA) on growth performance, ileal morphology, microbiota composition, immune response, antioxidant capacity and endocrine peptide levels in broilers [Founded by NSFC (31772612)]. Broilers were randomly allotted into 2 dietary treatments (n = 7) including a wheat-soybean basal diet (CON), and a basal diet with 4,000 U/kg AT-xynA (XY). On d 7, 14, 21 and 42, broilers were weighted and ileal tissues were sampled. Ileal digesta samples were collected for analyzing microbiota composition on d 21 and 42. The results showed that AT-xynA could improve average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake, and there were interactions between diet and age of broilers (P < 0.05). On d 21 and 42, xylanase supplementation could decrease ileal microbiota α-diversity, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic microbiota such as phyla Proteobacteria, family Moraxellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, genus Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). Moreover, the reduction in acetate concentration and abundance of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria was also observed in broilers from XY group (P < 0.05). AT-xynA could increase ileal villus height, glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, decreased interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde content in broilers from XY group, and these positive effects on intestinal health were greater in young broilers. In conclusion, xylanase supplementation to wheat-based diets could improve intestinal health, and the positive effects of xylanase supplementation were more pronounced in young broilers, thus contributing to subsequent improvements in growth performance of broilers.

scholarly journals Changes in Growth Performance and Ileal Microbiota Composition by Xylanase Supplementation in Broilers Fed Wheat-Based Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Sujie Liu ◽  
Jiayu Ma ◽  
Xiangshu Piao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Factor Α

Xylanase exerts key roles in improving growth performance and intestinal health of broilers fed wheat-based diets. However, knowledge is limited regarding effects of xylanase supplementation on ileal microbiota in broilers. A total of 128 one-day-old broilers (initial BW 48.03 ± 0.33 g) were selected to investigate effects of xylanase (AT-xynA) on growth performance, ileal morphology, microbiota composition, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and endocrine peptide levels in broilers. Broilers were randomly allotted into two dietary treatments (n = 8), namely, a wheat-soybean basal diet and a basal diet with 4,000 U/kg AT-xynA (XY). On days 7, 14, 21, and 42, broilers were weighted and ileal tissues were sampled. Ileal digesta samples were collected for analyzing microbiota composition on days 21 and 42. The results showed that AT-xynA could improve average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake, and there were interactions between diet and age of broilers (p < 0.05). On days 21 and 42, xylanase supplementation decreased ileal microbiota α-diversity, and the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic microbiota, such as phylum Proteobacteria, family Moraxellaceae and Staphylococcaceae, genus Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus, increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). Moreover, the reduction in acetate concentration and abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria was also observed in broilers from XY group (p < 0.05). AT-xynA increased ileal villus height, glucagon-like peptide-1, and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations and decreased interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde content in broilers, and these positive effects on intestinal health were greater in young broilers. In conclusion, xylanase supplementation to wheat-based diets could improve ileal intestinal morphology and immune function, and alleviate excess fermentation of bacteria, which may be related to changes of intestinal microbiota. In addition, the positive effects of xylanase on intestinal health were more pronounced in young broilers, thus contributing to subsequent improvement in growth performance of broilers.

PSVI-14 Blend of Additives in Nursery Pig Diets as an Antibiotics Substitute Increases the Growth Performance and Intestinal Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
Sudario Roberto Silva Junior ◽  
Rhuan F Chaves ◽  
Maíra Resende ◽  
Ygor Henrique De Paula ◽  
Kenio De Gouvêa Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

Abstract Antibiotics growth promoting (AGP) in animal feed has been restricted. With this, several additives have been tested in order to replace AGP and ensure intestinal health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a blend of additives on growth performance, diarrhea incidence and cecal content microbiota of nursery pigs. A total of 576 weaned pigs (6.21 ± 1.16 kg) were assigned into 4 treatments (12 replicates) in randomized block design: basal diet without additives (NC); basal diet with 120 ppm of halquinol (PC); NC + 0,05% blend of lactic acid (3,5%), benzoic acid (2,5%), flavonoids (3,5%) (B5); NC+ 0,1% of same blend (B10). The pigs were weighed 0 and 42 days into the experiment. On day 10, one animal per pen (10 replicates) was euthanized for microbiota analyses. The diarrhea incidence was calculated by the percentage of visual pens with diarrhea, by day, in the period. The growth performance was analyzed by GLIMMIX procedure and the means were compared with Tukey test (P < 0.050) (SAS, 2009). Diarrhea incidence was analyzed by GENMOD procedure (SAS, 2009). The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare microbial biodiversity (P < 0.050) by statistical program STAMP. The final weight (P = 0.010) and average daily gain (P = 0.001) of B10 and PC were higher than NC. Regarding diarrhea, it was observed that the B5 and B10 had lower incidence when compared to other groups in the total period. In the microbiome analyses, it was observed that the B5, B10, and PC groups had lower (P = 0.021) biodiversity when compared to the NC piglets. However, the B5 and B10 group had higher biodiversity when compared to the PC group. In conclusion, the supplementation with 0,1% blend of additives can be a substitute for AGP.

scholarly journals Cooked Red Lentils Dose-Dependently Modulate the Colonic Microenvironment in Healthy C57Bl/6 Male Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Graf ◽  
Jennifer M. Monk ◽  
Dion Lepp ◽  
Wenqing Wu ◽  
Laurel McGillis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adherens Junction ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
And Function ◽  
Adherens Junction Proteins

Dietary pulses, including lentils, are protein-rich plant foods that are enriched in intestinal health-promoting bioactives, such as non-digestible carbohydrates and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diets supplemented with cooked red lentils on the colonic microenvironment (microbiota composition and activity and epithelial barrier integrity and function). C57Bl/6 male mice were fed one of five diets: a control basal diet (BD), a BD-supplemented diet with 5, 10 or 20% cooked red lentils (by weight), or a BD-supplemented diet with 0.7% pectin (equivalent soluble fiber level as found in the 20% lentil diet). Red lentil supplementation resulted in increased: (1) fecal microbiota α-diversity; (2) abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (e.g., Prevotella, Roseburia and Dorea spp.); (3) concentrations of fecal SCFAs; (4) mRNA expression of SCFA receptors (G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR 41 and 43) and tight/adherens junction proteins (Zona Occulden-1 (ZO-1), Claudin-2, E-cadherin). Overall, 20% lentil had the greatest impact on colon health outcomes, which were in part explained by a change in the soluble and insoluble fiber profile of the diet. These results support recent public health recommendations to increase consumption of plant-based protein foods for improved health, in particular intestinal health.

scholarly journals Dietary seaweed-derived polysaccharides improve growth performance of weaned pigs through maintaining intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbial populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiande Zou ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Xiaobo Guo ◽  
Qin He ◽  
Zirui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
G Ratio

Abstract Background: Seaweed-derived polysaccharides (SDP) represent an attractive source of prebiotic nutraceuticals for the food and animal husbandry industry. However, the mechanism by which SDP from Enteromorpha mediates pig growth are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate how SDP supplementation influences the growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs.Results: In Exp. 1, 240 weaned pigs were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet containing 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg SDP, respectively, in a 21-d trial. Pigs on the 400 or 800 mg/kg SDP-supplemented group had greater ADG and lower F/G ratio than those on the control group (P＜0.05). In Exp. 2, 20 male weaned pigs were randomly assigned to two treatments and fed with a basal diet (CON group) or a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg SDP (the optimum does from Exp. 1), in a 21-d trial. Pigs fed the SDP diet had greater ADG, the concentrations of serum IL-6 and TNF-α and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase (P＜0.05), and lower F/G, diarrhea rate, as well as serum D-lactate concentrations and diamine oxidase activity (P＜0.05). Moreover, dietary SDP supplementation enhanced secretory immunoglobulin A content, villus height and villous height: crypt depth ratio in small intestine, as well as the lactase and maltase activities in jejunum mucosa (P＜0.05). SDP supplementation elevated the mRNA levels of inflammatory response-related genes (IL-6, TNF-α, TLR4, TLR6 and MyD88), and the mRNA and protein levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin in jejunum mucosa (P＜0.05). Importantly, SDP not only increased the Lactobacillus population but also reduced the Escherichia coli population in cecum (P＜0.05). Furthermore, SDP increased acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations in cecum (P＜0.05).Conclusions: These results not only suggest a beneficial effect of SDP on growth performance and intestinal barrier functions, but also offer potential mechanisms behind SDP-facilitated intestinal health in weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Garlic skin induced shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of fattening sheep

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Zhen Su ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Hanxue Sun ◽  
Jinfeng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Background Garlic and its constituents exhibit activities on modifying rumen fermentation and improving growth performance. As a by-product of garlic processing, garlic skin contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. However, studies in ruminants using garlic skin are scarce. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on rumen fermentation characterizes, growth performance, ruminal microbes and metabolites in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned into one of two treatments: basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of gallic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks for adaptation. Results The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than that in the control group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices. Increased (P < 0.05) abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, Methanosphaera but a decreased (P < 0.05) abundance of Fretibacterium were observed in GAS-fed lambs. In addition, the garlic skin supplementation favorably regulated (P < 0.05) pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin B6 and B1 metabolism. Moreover, high correlations were observed between fluctuant rumen microbiota and metabolites. Conclusions Supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of sheep by modifying rumen fermentation through inducing shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.

scholarly journals Functional comparison of Clostridium butyricum and sodium butyrate​ supplementation on growth, intestinal health, and the anti-inflammatory response of broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Liu ◽  
Huayun Ling ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Youguo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background: Butyrate has been reported to promote proliferation of colonic epithelial cells and maintain intestinal barrier integrity in broilers. Although supplementation of Clostridium butyricum and sodium butyrate have been shown to confer benefits on broilers, their effects and mechanisms have not been compared.Results: In this study, C. butyricum and sodium butyrate were added into the basal diet of broilers and their effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and anti-inflammatory response were analyzed. It was found that both C. butyricum and sodium butyrate showed good probiotic effects on broilers. Their effects on growth rate and expression of inflammation related genes were even superior to that of antibiotic. Besides, the two dietary supplements improved intestinal structure integrity and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, although the antibiotic had negative effects. Comparison of the two supplements revealed that sodium butyrate more effectively improved the growth and intestinal structure of broilers than C. butyricum. On the contrary, C. butyricum was superior to sodium butyrate in promoting tight junction protein expression, SCFAs production, and anti-inflammatory response.Conclusions: In summary, this study demonstrates the positive effects of C. butyricum and sodium butyrate on broilers, and will serve as a reference for selection of appropriate butyrate supplementation for broilers in the breeding industry.

scholarly journals Effects of Pantothenic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Plasma Parameters of Starter White Pekin Ducks Fed a Corn–Soybean Meal Diet

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2872
Author(s):  
Jing Tang ◽  
Yongbao Wu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Zhiguo Qi ◽  
Dawei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Pekin Ducks

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different dietary pantothenic acid levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and plasma biochemical parameters of starter Pekin ducks from 1 to 21 days of age, as well as the pantothenic acid requirement of starter ducks. A total of 384 one-day-old male white Pekin ducklings were assigned randomly into 6 dietary treatments, each with 8 replicate pens of 8 ducks. Ducks were fed conventional basal corn–soybean diets containing 8.5, 10.5, 12.5, 14.5, 16.5, and 18.5 mg/kg pantothenic acid for 21 days. Growth depression, poor pantothenic acid status, fasting hypoglycemia, and elevated plasma uric acid (UA) content were observed in the ducks fed the pantothenic acid-deficient basal diet (p < 0.05), and these adverse effects were ameliorated by pantothenic acid supplementation. Among all ducks, the birds fed the basal diet with no supplementation of pantothenic acid had the lowest body weight, average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), breast meat yield, and plasma pantothenic acid and glucose contents (p < 0.05), and the greatest plasma UA content (p < 0.05). In addition, all these parameters showed a linear or quadratic response as dietary pantothenic acid levels increased (p < 0.05). According to broken-line regression, the pantothenic acid requirements of starter male white Pekin ducks for body weight, ADG, and plasma pantothenic acid content were 13.36, 13.29, and 15.0 mg/kg, respectively. The data potentially provides theoretical support for the utilization of pantothenic acid in duck production.

scholarly journals A Mixture of Exogenous Emulsifiers Increased the Acceptance of Broilers to Low Energy Diets: Growth Performance, Blood Chemistry, and Fatty Acids Traits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Saleh ◽  
Khairy A. Amber ◽  
Mahmoud M. Mousa ◽  
Ahmed L. Nada ◽  
Wael Awad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Positive Effects

To investigate the influence of emulsifiers on broilers fed low-energy diets, the birds were distributed into three sets—the control was fed the basal diet, the second group was fed diets 50 kcal/kg less than control, and the third group was fed diets 50 kcal/kg less than control and supplemented with 500 g/ton of emulsifiers. The used mixture of exogenous emulsifiers contains phosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl choline, and polyethylene glycol ricinoleate. Although the feed intake was not meaningfully affected by dietary low-energy level with emulsifier inclusion (P = 0.42), the weight gain and FCR were clearly enhanced (P = 0.005 and P = 0.044, respectively). Protein and lipids utilization were decreased by reducing energy level, but they were increased by emulsifier supplementation (P = 0.022 and P = 0.011, respectively). Liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) and muscle palmitic acid concentrations were decreased by reducing the energy level and emulsifier’s supplementation (P = 0.014 and P = 0.042, respectively). However, muscle total lipids and α-tocopherol, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid were not affected by dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Interestingly, the plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total protein, and globulin were decreased in the low-energy group without emulsifier but they were increased by emulsifier supplementation (P = 0.008, P = 0.005, P = 0.037, and P = 0.005, respectively). It could be concluded that the mixture of emulsifier supplementation to low-energy diets enhanced fat utilization and resulted in positive effects on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, lipid peroxidation, and modified plasma lipid profiles in broilers. Getting such benefits in broilers is a necessity to reduce the feed cost and consequently the price of the product, which will lead to improved welfare of mankind.

Effect of the bacterial or fungal origin of exogenous xylanases supplemented to a wheat-based diet on performance of broiler chickens and nutrient digestibility of the diet

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vandeplas ◽  
R D Dauphin ◽  
P. Thonart ◽  
A. Théwis ◽  
Y. Beckers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Two identical experiments were carried out to study the effects of four xylanases from bacterial or fungal origin supplemented to a wheat-based diet, on growth performance of broiler chickens and nutrient digestibilities. Experimental treatments consisted of a control basal diet containing 600 g kg-1 wheat (C), and the basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g kg-1 Grindazyme G from Aspergillus niger (G), 0.1 g kg-1 Belfeed B1100MP from Bacillus subtilis (B), 0.1 g kg-1 Roxazyme G from Trichoderma viride (R), or 0.0125 g kg-1 of a xylanase from Aspergillus aculeatus (A). Each experimental diet was given to four groups of six chickens each. Growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly, from 7 to 21 d of age. In the second experiment, a digestion balance trial was performed from 27 to 31 d of age to evaluate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and the digestibilities of nitrogen, crude fat, starch and crude fibre. From 7 to 21 d of age, xylanase supplementation led to increased final body weight and daily weight gain, by 3.7 and 4.5 % (P < 0.05), respectively, without significant difference according to the xylanase origin. Xylanase supplementation significantly increased the AMEn (+2.6 %), and the digestibilities of crude fibre (+58.9 %) and nitrogen (+1.6 %). Increase in AMEn as well as in crude fat and starch digestibilities were significantly different according to the xylanase, but were not dependent on fungal or bacterial origin. In conclusion, the microbial origin of xylanases supplemented to wheat-based diets influenced neither the performance of broiler chickens nor the improvement in nutrient digestibilities.Key words: Broiler, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, wheat, xylanase

scholarly journals Effects of summer shield supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilisation, and plasma lipid profiles in broiler chickens 

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Saleh ◽  
D. Ijiri ◽  
A. Ohtsuka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of herb mixture (summer shield) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilisation, and plasma lipid profiles in broiler chickens. Thirty-six male chicks at 15&nbsp;days of age were divided into three groups with three replicates of four birds. The control group of chicks was fed a basal diet and the remaining two groups of chicks were fed the basal diet supplemented with summer shield at a concentration of 1 g/kg or 2 g/kg, respectively, until 37 days of age. Although feed intake was not different among the three groups, both body weight gain and breast muscle weight were increased in chicks fed a summer shield-supplemented diet. Summer shield supplementation decreased abdominal fat weight and consequently feed efficiency was improved. Both protein and fat utilisation was improved in chickens fed a summer shield-supplemented diet although dry matter content was not influenced. In addition, summer shield supplementation improved plasma lipid profiles, i.e., total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased. Furthermore, summer shield supplementation increased total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in plasma, while neither glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase nor glutamate pyruvate transaminase were affected. These results suggest that summer shield supplementation has positive effects on growth performance, nutrient utilisation, and plasma lipid profiles in broiler chickens.

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