PSIX-10 Effect of different levels of DMI on O2 consumed, CO2 released, growth and carcass characteristic in feedlot cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Carcass Characteristic ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effect of different levels of dry matter intake (DMI) on O2 consumption, CO2 emission, growth, and carcass characteristic in feedlot cattle. The experiment used 60 individually fed backgrounded Angus × SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 30) in a randomized complete block design. Steers (paired blocked by body weight and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: ad-libitum (AI) or restricted intake (RI; the same diet fed at 85% of the AI) finishing diet. The diet contained 61% cracked corn, 9% corn silage, 15% DDGS, 5% soyhulls, and 10% of a protein-mineral-vitamin premix. Measurement of CO2 emission, and consumption of O2, were taken using the Greenfeed system (n = 15/treatment) once the steers were fed for 140 days. Plasma and gas samples were collected 10 d before slaughter, 1 h before and 2 h after feeding. Plasma glucose and insulin concentration and gasses (O2 and CO2) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS evaluating the fixed effect of treatment, time (repeated measurement) and their interaction. Growth and carcass characteristics were analyzed with a similar model, without the time statement and its interaction. Compared with RI, AI steers had greater (P < 0.01) DMI and average daily gain (ADG). Steers on AI tended to have greater final body-weight (BW) (P = 0.07) and ribeye area (P = 0.09) (Table 1). There was no effect of treatment (P ≥ 0.11) on G:F, subcutaneous (BF) and intramuscular (IM) fat, O2 consumption and CO2 emission. Plasma glucose concentration of AI steers were greater before and after feeding than RI (P < 0.05; Table 2). In conclusion, feeding steers ad-libitum increased DMI, ADG, and plasma glucose concentration, but does not affect G:F, BF, IM fat, CO2 emission, and consumption of O2.

ADDITIVE, NONADDITIVE AND MATERNAL GENETIC EFFECTS ON ADIPOSITY IN MICE FED DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Padua Deodato ◽  
E. J. Eisen ◽  
J. M. Leatherwood
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fat Depot ◽  
Different Levels

Polygenic obese (M16), nonobese (ICR) and reciprocal crossbred (M16 male × ICR female and ICR male × M16 female) mice were fed ad libitum diets containing 1, 5 or 25% fat from 3 to 10 weeks of age. Epididymal and subcutaneous fat depot weights (E, S) and depot weights as a proportion of empty body weight (E%, S%) were used as measures of adiposity at 6 and 10 weeks of age. Genetic differences in adiposity among the four populations were partitioned into average direct (a), average maternal (m) and direct heterotic (h) effects. Line M16 was greater than ICR at both 6 and 10 weeks in E (81% at 6 weeks and 114% at 10 weeks), S (82%, 73%), E% (27%, 37%) and S% (26%, 12%). Average direct genetic effects, as determined by a, accounted for 60% of the M16 vs. ICR line difference in E and S at six weeks, the remainder of the difference being due to m. The major portion of the line difference in E% and S% at 6 weeks was accounted for by m. At ten weeks of age, most of the line difference in E, S, E% and S% was due to additive direct genetic effects while the contribution of maternal genetic effects was negligible. Heterosis was sizeable for all measures of adiposity, varying from 10.8% in S% at 10 weeks to 26.8% in E at six weeks, possibly indicating the presence of directional dominance. E and E% increased significantly with the increase in dietary fat percent, but S and S% were not affected. Interactions of genotype with level of dietary fat percent were not significant for the epididymal or subcutaneous fat depot weights or proportional weights.

Influence of fasting on glycogen depletion in rats during exercise

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Dohm ◽  
E. B. Tapscott ◽  
H. A. Barakat ◽  
G. J. Kasperek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

We recently observed that a 24-h fasted group of rats could run longer than an ad libitum fed control group before becoming exhausted. Because of the demonstrated importance of glycogen levels and free fatty acid availability during endurance exercise, we have investigated several parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in exercised and nonexercised rats that were either fed ad libitum or fasted for 24 h. A 24-h fast depleted liver glycogen, lowered plasma glucose concentration, decreased muscle glycogen levels, and increased free fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in plasma. During exercise the fasted group had lower plasma glucose concentration, higher plasma concentration of free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and a lower muscle glycogen depletion rate than did the ad libitum fed group. Since fasted rats were able to continue running even when plasma glucose had dropped to levels lower than those of fed-exhausted rats, it seems unlikely that blood glucose level, per se, is a factor in causing exhaustion. These results suggest that fasting increases fatty acid utilization during exercise and the resulting “glycogen sparing” effect may result in increased endurance.

scholarly journals Postprandial glucose and insulin profiles following a glucose-loaded meal in cats and dogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (S1) ◽  
pp. S101-S104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian K. Hewson-Hughes ◽  
Matthew S. Gilham ◽  
Sarah Upton ◽  
Alison Colyer ◽  
Richard Butterwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
High Blood Glucose

Data from intravenous (i.v.) glucose tolerance tests suggest that glucose clearance from the blood is slower in cats than in dogs. Since different physiological pathways are activated following oral administration compared with i.v. administration, we investigated the profiles of plasma glucose and insulin in cats and dogs following ingestion of a test meal with or without glucose. Adult male and female cats and dogs were fed either a high-protein (HP) test meal (15 g/kg body weight; ten cats and eleven dogs) or a HP+glucose test meal (13 g/kg body-weight HP diet+2 g/kg body-weight d-glucose; seven cats and thirteen dogs) following a 24 h fast. Marked differences in plasma glucose and insulin profiles were observed in cats and dogs following ingestion of the glucose-loaded meal. In cats, mean plasma glucose concentration reached a peak at 120 min (10·2, 95 % CI 9·7, 10·8 mmol/l) and returned to baseline by 240 min, but no statistically significant change in plasma insulin concentration was observed. In dogs, mean plasma glucose concentration reached a peak at 60 min (6·3, 95 % CI 5·9, 6·7 mmol/l) and returned to baseline by 90 min, while plasma insulin concentration was significantly higher than pre-meal values from 30 to 120 min following the glucose-loaded meal. These results indicate that cats are not as efficient as dogs at rapidly decreasing high blood glucose levels and are consistent with a known metabolic adaptation of cats, namely a lack of glucokinase, which is important for both insulin secretion and glucose uptake from the blood.

Hypovolaemia after glucose/insulin infusions in volunteers

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Berndtson ◽  
Joel Olsson ◽  
Robert G. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Insulin Solution ◽  
The Relationship

High-dose intravenous infusion of 5% glucose promotes rebound hypoglycaemia and hypovolaemia in healthy volunteers. To study whether such effects occur in response to glucose/insulin, 12 healthy firemen (mean age, 39 years) received three infusions over 1–2 h that contained 20 ml of 2.5% glucose/kg of body weight, 5 ml of 10% glucose/kg of body weight with 0.05 unit of rapid-acting insulin/kg of body weight, and 4 ml of 50% glucose/kg of body weight with 1 unit of insulin/kg of body weight. The plasma glucose concentration and plasma dilution were compared at 5–10 min intervals over 4 h. Regardless of the amount of administered fluid and whether insulin was given, the plasma glucose concentration decreased to hypoglycaemic levels within 30 min of the infusion ending. The plasma dilution closely mirrored plasma glucose and became negative by approx. 5%, which indicates a reduction in the plasma volume. These alterations were only partially restored during the follow-up period. A linear relationship between plasma glucose and plasma dilution was most apparent when the infused glucose had been dissolved in only a small amount of fluid. For the strongest glucose/insulin solution, this linear relationship had a correlation coefficient of 0.77 (n=386, P<0.0001). The findings of the present study indicate that a redistribution of water due to the osmotic strength of the glucose is the chief mechanism accounting for the hypovolaemia. It is concluded that infusions of 2.5%, 10% and 50% glucose, with and without insulin, in well-trained men were consistently followed by long-standing hypoglycaemia and also by hypovolaemia, which averaged 5%. These results emphasize the relationship between metabolism and fluid balance.

Lipid Intake Enhances Muscle Growth But Does Not Influence Glucose Kinetics in 3-Week-Old Low-Birth-Weight Neonatal Pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-941
Author(s):  
Samer W El-Kadi ◽  
Sydney R McCauley ◽  
Kacie A Seymour ◽  
Nishanth E Sunny ◽  
Robert P Rhoads
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Lipid Supplementation

ABSTRACTBackgroundLow-birth-weight (LBWT) neonates grow at a slower rate than their normal-birth-weight (NBWT) counterparts and may develop hypoglycemia postnatally.ObjectiveWe investigated whether dietary lipid supplementation would enhance growth and improve glucose production in LBWT neonatal pigs.MethodsTwelve 3-d-old NBWT (1.606 kg) crossbred pigs were matched to 12 LBWT (1.260 kg) same-sex littermates. At 6 d of age, 6 pigs in each group were fed a low-energy (LE) or a high-energy (HE) isonitrogenous formula containing 5.2% and 7.3% fat, respectively. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; plasma glucose and glycerol kinetics were assessed using stable isotope tracers. After killing, weights of skeletal muscles and visceral organs were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for a 2 × 2 factorial design; temporal effects were investigated using repeated-measures analysis.ResultsLipid supplementation did not affect body weight of LBWT or NBWT pigs. However, liver and longissimus dorsi weights as a percentage of body weight were greater for pigs fed an HE diet than for those fed an LE diet (4.3% compared with 3.4% and 1.5% compared with 1.2%, respectively) but remained less for LBWT than for NBWT pigs (3.8% compared with 3.9% and 1.3% compared with 1.5%, respectively) (P < 0.05). In addition, hepatic fat content increased (7.9 compared with 2.6 g) in pigs fed the HE compared with those fed the LE formula (P < 0.05). Lipid supplementation did not influence plasma glucose concentration which remained lower in the LBWT than in the NBWT group (4.1 compared with 4.5 mmol/L) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur data suggest that lipid supplementation modestly improved growth of skeletal muscle and the liver but did not affect glucose homeostasis in all groups, and glucose concentration remained lower in LBWT than in NBWT pigs. These data suggest that the previously reported hyperglycemic effect of lipid supplementation may depend on the route of administration or age of the neonatal pig.

Effects of branding on weight gain, antibiotic treatment rates and subsequent handling ease in feedlot cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
J. M. Stookey ◽  
E. D. Janzen ◽  
J. Mckinnon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Individual Body

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of hot-iron and freeze branding on individual body weight (BW) antibiotic treatment (AT) rates based on rectal temperature (RT), and subsequent handling ease in feedlot cattle. Charolais-cross steer calves were ear-tagged and vaccinated on arrival to the feedlot and assigned to freeze brand (F), hot-iron brand (H), or control (C) treatments. Animals were branded at arrival to the feedlot in Trial 1 (n = 300) and 20 d after arrival in Trial 2 (n = 248). Rectal temperatures, AT and BW of all animals were recorded on the day of branding and every second day for 10 d. Branding treatments had no effect on average daily gain (ADG) or AT rates in either trial. Steers in Trial 2 required increased handling pressure over the 10 d period, indicating some aversion to being caught in the chute for measurement of RT. The only effect of treatment on handling ease was that freeze branded steers required more (P < 0.005) handling pressure than C or H steers on d 6 after branding. This may have resulted from discomfort caused by pressure put on the freeze branding site while in the chute, perhaps indicating that F animals may experience a lingering pain. Branding, regardless of technique, does not affect BW or AT rates when performed soon after arrival or following a 20 d acclimation period in the feedlot. These findings suggest that branding may not be a severe enough stressor to negatively affect BW gain or health in cattle. There may be some potential in using handling ease as an indicator of an animal's aversion to re-enter the location of a previously negative experience. Key words: Cattle, Branding, Behaviour, Liveweight Gain, Body Temperature

Exercise metabolism at different time intervals after a meal

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 882-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Montain ◽  
M. K. Hopper ◽  
A. R. Coggan ◽  
E. F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Response To Exercise

To determine how long a meal will affect the metabolic response to exercise, nine endurance-trained and nine untrained subjects cycled for 30 min at 70% of peak O2 consumption (VO2 peak) 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after eating 2 g carbohydrate/kg body wt. In addition, each subject completed 30 min of cycling 4 h after the meal at an intensity that elicited a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 0.94-0.95. During exercise after 2 and 4 h of fasting, carbohydrate oxidation was elevated 13-15% compared with the response to exercise after an 8- and 12-h fast (P less than 0.01). The increase in blood glycerol concentration during exercise (30 to 0 min) was linearly related to the length of fasting (r = 0.99; P less than 0.01). In all subjects, plasma glucose concentration declined 17-21% during exercise after 2 h of fasting (P less than 0.01). Plasma glucose concentration also declined (15-25%) during exercise in the trained subjects after 4 and 6 h of fasting (P less than 0.05) but did not change in the untrained subjects. However, the decline in plasma glucose concentration was similar (14%) in the two groups when the exercise intensity was increased in the trained subjects (i.e., 78 +/- 1% VO2 peak) and decreased in the untrained subjects (i.e., 65 +/- 3% VO2 peak) to elicit a similar RER.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Breed and diurnal effects on leptin and glucose concentrations in tropical cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
N. Okwelum ◽  
B. O. Oduguwa ◽  
N. Yahya ◽  
O. Gazal ◽  
O. A. Osinowo
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
White Fulani ◽  
Plasma Leptin

The effects of breed and time of day was evaluated on plasma leptin and glucose concentrations in four breeds of cattle. The breeds were Muturu, White Fulani, Ndama and Muturu x White Fulani cross. Animals had ad-libitum access to feed and water. Each animal was weighed daily and bled by jugular venipuncture using Vacutainer kits for three consecutive days. Plasma leptin was determined using the Millipore Multi-species radioimmunoassay and plasma glucose was determined using the Wako Autokit Glucose technique. Plasma leptin was significantly (P<0.0001) dependent on breed. The Muturu breed had the lowest amount of leptin (3.9 ± 1.8 ng/ml) while the White Fulani breed had the highest level (8.5 ± 3.2 ng/ml). There was a significant correlation between bodyweight and leptin. Leptin level was not affected by time of day. Mean plasma glucose ranged from 42.7 to 54.7 mg/dL and was significantly (P = 0.019) dependent on cattle breed. Also, time of day had no effect on plasma glucose concentration. These data indicated that significant breed differences exist in leptin concentrations in tropical cattle. These differences may reflect the disparity in muscularity and adiposity in the breeds.

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