PSX-B-9 Effect of trace mineral sources in the supplement for grazing cattle on ruminal bacteria diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 453-454
Author(s):  
Iorrano A Cidrini ◽  
Igor M Ferreira ◽  
Karla Oliveira ◽  
Yury Granja-Salcedo ◽  
Josiane F Lage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Rumen Bacterium ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria Diversity ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Mineral Sources

Abstract The rumen soluble Cu and Zn can affect the rumen microbial populations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of trace mineral sources (Cu and Zn) in the supplement of grazing steers on ruminal bacteria diversity. Eight rumen cannulated Nellore steers (541 kg ± 18 kg BW) were distributed in a randomized block design in individual paddocks of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Steers were supplemented during 101 days between dry to rainy season at 5 g/kg BW with commercial supplement (25% CP) containing Cu (40 mg/ kg) and Zn (148 mg/kg) in the inorganic (Control) or hydroxy (HDX; Micronutrients Inc., IN) source. Samples of ruminal content were collected before supplementation at day 97 of experimental period and the total DNA extracted by commercial kit (Quick-DNA Fecal/Soil Microbe Miniprep). The V3/V4 regions of 16SrRNA gene was sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq, using the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME v.1.9.1) to filter reads and determine Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Data were compared using an unpaired Wilcoxon test in R. A total of 293 OTUs were identified at genus level. The HDX resulted in a higher ruminal abundance of Corynebacterium 1 (P = 0.01), Prevotella 1 (P = 0.01), Lachnoclostridium 10 (P = 0.02), Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group (P = 0.03), Lachnospiraceae UCG-008 (P = 0.03), Streptococcus (P = 0.02), Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 (P = 0.01), Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 (P = 0.01), Ruminococcus 1 (P = 0.04), Coprococcus 1 (P = 0.04), Mogibacterium (P = 0.02), Selenomonas 1 (P = 0.02), Anaerovibrio (P = 0.03), Methylobacterium (P = 0.02), Treponema 2 (P = 0.02), Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group (P = 0.03), Ruminococcaceae; uncultured rumen bacterium (P = 0.02) and Eubacterium hallii group (P = 0.05), and lower abundance of Fibrobacter (P = 0.04), Butyrivibrio 2 (P = 0.05), Anaerotruncus (P = 0.03), Ruminiclostridium 5 (P = 0.03), Anaerorhabdus furcosa group (P = 0.02) and Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-004 (P = 0.01). The use of HDX in the supplement for grazing cattle between dry to rainy season increase the ruminal abundance of bacteria, mainly into Firmicutes phylum with important structural and non-structural carbohydrates degradation functions.

scholarly journals PSII-9 Drylot weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 401-402
Author(s):  
Felipe A Nascimento ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
Luciana M Sousa ◽  
Ivanna M Oliveira ◽  
Flávio D Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Supplementation

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the best nutritional strategy for weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase. One hundred sixteen Nellore weaned males (initial BW of 173±23 kg; 10 months) were used in a randomized complete block design (blocked by BW) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (divided in 12 lots with 9 or 10 animals/lot). Factor 1 was the strategy in the dry-to-rainy season transition (period I; pasture vs. drylot) and factor 2 was the strategy for the rainy season [period II; mineral salt ad libitum (MS) vs. supplement 3 g/kg BW]; consisting of four treatments: pasture in period I and MS in period II; pasture in period I and protein-energy supplement in period II (PEII); drylot in period I and mineral salt in period II; drylot in period I and PEII. At period I, all animals received a protein-energy supplementation (5 g/kg BW). The experiment lasted 244 days. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. In period I, animals from drylot had highest final BW and ADG (P < 0.01; Table 1). There was no interaction among factors (P ≥ 0.772) in period II. In period II, ADG and carcass gain were highest from pasture animals (P < 0.01). Final BW and HCW were similar (P >0.788) at the end of period II, showing that animals recovery BW. Among strategies at rainy season, animals fed PEII had greater final BW and ADG (P < 0.01). Overall growing phase, HCW and carcass gain were greater for animals fed PEII (P < 0.01). Regardless of the strategy used in the dry-to-rainy season transition, animals were able to equalize final BW at the end of growing phase. In addition, protein-energy supplement at rainy season improves animal performance at the end of growing phase.

scholarly journals PSXII-17 Trace minerals source influences the performance of Nellore cattle in the growing phase during the transition between dry to rainy season in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 445-446
Author(s):  
Iorrano A Cidrini ◽  
Josiane F Lage ◽  
Igor Ferreira ◽  
Karla Oliveira ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Liver Concentration ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Matter Basis

Abstract The relative bioavailability of trace minerals may vary between the sources and impact the animal performance. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of TM source (Cu and Zn) on the liver concentration and performance of Nellore cattle supplemented in the growing phase during the transition between dry to rainy season. A hundred and twenty Nellore young bulls (BW = 349.72 ± 24 kg; 24 months), blocked by BW, were assigned randomly to twelve paddocks (six paddocks/treatment and 10 animals/paddock). Animals grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and supplemented at 5 g/kg BW with soybean meal, corn and mineral mix (250 g/kg of CP and 650 g/kg de NDT, natural matter basis). Supplements consisted of 40 mg Cu and 148 mg Zn/kg DM from either inorganic TM (ITM) or hydroxy TM (HTM) Intellibond® sources. Liver samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study (three animals per paddock). Animals were weighed at each period (30 days) during three periods. Period was used as a REPEATED measurement for BW and values of initial BW as independent covariates for all variables. Paddock was considered experimental unit. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED, SAS 9.4. The animals supplemented with HTM had higher (+0.037 kg/day) general ADG (day 0 to 90; P = 0.012), with 0.469 and 0.506 kg/day to ITM and HTM, respectively. Final BW (day 90) from animals fed HTM was 5.13 kg higher than ITM (391.97 vs. 397.11 kg BW; P = 0.030). No differences were found in the liver concentrations of Cu and Zn between ITM or HTM (P ≥ 0.288). Cu and Zn from HTM improve the performance of animals supplemented in pasture compared to ITM sources.

scholarly journals Heterobeltiosis in French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Kanwar Priyanaka ◽  
Y. C. Gupta ◽  
S. R. Dhiman ◽  
R. K. Dogra ◽  
Sharma Madhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Better Than

<p>The studies on heterosis were carried with four male sterile lines namely; ms<sub>7</sub>, ms<sub>8</sub>, ms<sub>9,</sub> ms<sub>10</sub> and 18 diverse pollinators as tester by using line × tester crossing programme. The 72 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids were produced and evaluated along with 22 parental lines during summer 2009 and rainy season 2009 in Randomized Block Design. Observations were recorded on nine quantitative traits during both the seasons. Highly significant variances for all the traits indicated the sufficient variability in the parental material for all the characters under study. The performance of F<sub>1</sub> hybrids was much better than the mean performance of parents during both the crop seasons. Appreciable heterosis was observed in all the characters, except flower weight in summer and plant height in rainy season.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Establishment Methods on Yield and Yield Parameters of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Gaertn) in Ward 24, Zaka District

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p47
Author(s):  
Nyasha Sakadzo ◽  
Gift Bvekwa ◽  
Kasirayi Makaza
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Finger millet is a climate compliant crop; its production remains low due to poor establishment methods. A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2018/19 at Dorcas Charare plot in ward 24, Zaka district to investigate the effects of establishment methods on yield and yield parameters of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments namely broadcasting, hand drilling and transplanting replicated three times. Results on grain yield showed that transplanting method had the highest yield of 0.51t/ha whilst drilling and broadcasting scored 0.40t/ha and 0.35t/ha respectively. Transplanting method significantly (p<0.05) influenced higher number of tillers (7.13) per hill followed by drilling (2.40) and lastly broadcasting (2.13). Significant differences (p<0.05) were noted on panicle number with transplanting scoring the highest (8.13) and broadcasting the lowest (3.13). It can be concluded from the study that transplanting method realized a higher panicle number, tiller number and grain yield. Farmers must adopt transplanting as an establishment method in finger millet production.

scholarly journals EVALUATION PERFORMANCE OF THREE Pennisetum GENUS GROWN ON PINES FOREST IN LEMBANG, WEST JAVA

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Sajimin Sajimin ◽  
N. D. Purwantari
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Shoot Production

Pines are the largest tree forests in West of Java so that they are very potential to be developed as an agroforestry system. Forage crop potentially to be cultivated in the agroforestry system. The aim of the research was to study the response of the grasses grown under pines forest. The experiment was conducted at pines forest area arranged in randomized complete block design. The treatments were 3 grasses (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan, P. purpureum (local) and Pennisetum purpureophoides (king grass). Data collected were productivity, agronomic performance (plant height, tiller), forage production and quality. The result shows that shoot production of Taiwan cultivar was significantly higher than local P. purpureum. It was produced 498.4 g/clump on rainy season and 287.0 g/clump at dry season. At dry season forage production was decreased by 39,9%/ha. Nutrient composition at rainy season, crude fibre of grass was 39.89%; Ca 0.04%; P 0.26%; ash 12.46%; energy 4239.5 kcal/kg and crude protein 8.23%; while at the mid of dry season crude fibre was 38.43%; Ca 0.035%; P 0.26%; ash 11,43%; energy 3943 kcal/kg and crude protein 8.94%. Key words: pines, forestry, forage, production, quality

scholarly journals Effects of copper and zinc sources and inclusion levels of copper on weanling pig performance and intestinal microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Villagómez-Estrada ◽  
José F Pérez ◽  
Laila Darwich ◽  
Anna Vidal ◽  
Sandra van Kuijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Source Level ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Commercial Batch ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract A 42-d experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cu and Zn source and Cu level on pig performance, mineral status, bacterial modulation, and the presence of antimicrobial-resistant genes in isolates of Enterococcus spp. At weaning, 528 pigs (5.9 ± 0.50 kg) were allotted to 48 pens of a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two Cu and Zn sources (SF: sulfate and HCl: hydroxychloride) and two Cu levels (15 and 160 mg/kg). As a challenge, the pigs were reared in dirty pens used by a previous commercial batch. Two-phase diets were offered: the pre-starter (PS) phase from day 1 to 14 and the starter phase (ST) from day 14 to 42. At days 14 and 42, pigs were individually weighed and blood samples from one pig per pen were taken. At the end of the experiment, one pig per pen was euthanized to collect the samples. Feeding high levels of Cu increased body weight (BW) from 16.6 to 17.7 kg (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, average daily gain, gain to feed (G:F) ratio, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and mineral status were enhanced with Cu at 160 mg/kg (P &lt; 0.05) compared with Cu at 15 mg/kg. There was no effect of the interaction between source × level on any of the growth performance responses except for ADFI (P = 0.004) and G:F (P = 0.029) at the end of the ST period and for G:F (P = 0.006) for entire nursery period (day 0 to 42). At the end of the ST period, pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl had not only higher ADFI but also lower G:F than those fed Cu as SF at 160 mg/kg. Meanwhile, for the entire nursery period, G:F did not differ between pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl or SF. In colonic digesta, the relative abundance of Streptococcus, Enterobacter, Escherichia, among others, decreased (P-adjust &lt; 0.05), while Lachnospira and Roseburia tended (P-adjust &lt; 0.10) to increase in pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl compared with those fed Cu SF at 160 mg/kg. An increase (P-adjust &lt; 0.05) in Methanosphaera and Roseburia was observed in pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg. From colon digesta, Enterococcus spp. was isolated in 40 samples, being E. faecalis the most dominating (65%) regardless of the experimental diet. Genes of ermB (7.5%) and tetM (5%) were identified. No genes for Cu (tcrB) or vancomycin (vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2) were detected. In conclusion, European Union permissible levels of Cu (160 mg/kg), of both sources, were able to increase performance, mineral status, and bacterial modulation compared with nutritional level. Different effects on growth performance, mineral tissue content, and microbial modulation were observed between Cu and Zn sources.

Performance and behaviour of Nellore steers on integrated systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Domiciano ◽  
M. A. Mombach ◽  
P. Carvalho ◽  
N. M. F. da Silva ◽  
D. H. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index

This study aimed to evaluate performance and behaviour of Nellore steers (Bos taurus indicus) in integrated systems. Treatments consisted of three different systems: livestock; crop-livestock; and livestock-forestry, with triple rows of eucalyptus trees. The experiment was carried out in Sinop, MT, Brazil, in a randomised complete block design with four replicates, during two seasons (dry-rainy transition and rainy). The experimental period was from 19 September 2015 to 10 January 2016. Nellore steers used in the experiment had an average initial weight of 344 kg ± 11 kg, in continuous stocking and variable stocking rate. Forage mass accumulation rate was evaluated and, independently of the system, had the highest values recorded during the rainy season. Microclimate was evaluated through temperature and humidity index, black globe temperature and humidity index and radiant heat load. Highest values were obtained from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. at the dry-rainy transition period for all systems. Animal behaviour was assessed every 10 min from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and averages were calculated for every 2 h. The longest grazing period was recorded from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m., and then after 3:00 p.m., regardless of the system. Rumination occurred more frequently from 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. during the rainy season, and also in the shade for the livestock-forestry system. Highest weight gains per area were recorded during the rainy season and for the crop-livestock system. It is concluded that the highest yields can be achieved with the inclusion of the crop component in livestock production systems, and that Nellore steers in silvopastoral systems prefer to ruminate and stay idle in the shade.

scholarly journals Copper and zinc fractionation in biosolid cultivated with Pennisetum purpureum in different periods

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ely S. A. de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo H. S. Cardoso ◽  
Izabelle de P. Sousa ◽  
Anarelly C. Alvarenga ◽  
Márcio N. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Critical Limits ◽  
Cu And Zn

ABSTRACT In order to reduce the effect of heavy metals on the biosolid, it is necessary to promote its phytoremediation. It is important to know the total content and chemical forms of these elements in the residue for analyzing its behavior and potential toxicity. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the fractionation and behavior of Cu and Zn in biosolid cultivated with Pennisetum purpureum in different periods. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design. The treatments, with five replicates, corresponded to Pennisetum purpureum cultivation in biosolid for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after planting. The total contents of Cu and Zn in the biosolid remained below the critical limits established by the CONAMA Resolution 357, and there was a reduction in these values with Pennisetum purpureum cultivation. Furthermore, the increment in the grass cultivation period caused intense reduction of Zn contents bound to organic matter, but there was an increase in soluble Zn and residual Zn. Additionally, there was an intense reduction in the content of Cu bound to sulfides. Therefore, for biosolid phytoremediation purposes, the grass should be cultivated for 150 days.

scholarly journals The Effect of N in Organic + Inorganic Liquid Fertilizer on the Activity Ability and Antioxidant Properties of Tea Shoots (Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze) in the Rainy and Dry Season

Agrologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakarias Frans Mores Hukom
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Seasons

Antioxidant is a term related to the activity ability and properties of the active ingredient.  The higher the ability of the antioxidant activity of an active ingredient, the stronger its antioxidant properties are to ward off various free radical compounds due to oxidative stress. The activity ability and antioxidant properties of tea shoots often fluctuate with changing seasons.  This study investigated the effect giving nitrogen levels in organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers on the ability of activity and antioxidant properties of tea shoots in different seasons. The experimental design used was a over season complete randomized block design consisting of 5 levels of fertilization concentration in the rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that the application of organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers without the addition of N concentration in the dry season had a significant effect on the antioxidant activity of tea shoots by 88.14%, and 34.15% higher than control plants in the rainy season and 41.81% more. Height of control plants in the dry season. The IC50 value of tea shoots in the rainy season and dry season has very strong antioxidant properties where the order of the antioxidant properties of the control plants < all concentrations of adding N to organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers < concentration of organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers without the addition of N.Keywords: Ability Antioxidant Activity, Organic + Inorganic Liquid Fertilizer, Tea shoots, Antioxidant Properties.

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