Gene expression in the amygdala and hippocampus of cyclic and acyclic gilts

Abstract Age at first estrus is the earliest phenotypic indicator of future reproductive success of gilts. Prebreeding anestrus is a major reason for reproductive failure leading to culling of replacement gilts. The two types of prebreeding anestrus are delay in attaining puberty (prepubertal anestrus, PPA) and silent ovulation (behavioral anestrus, BA). Neural tissues such as amygdala and hippocampus play a major role in regulating sexual behavior, social interactions, and receptivity to males. Differences in gene expression in the amygdala and hippocampus of gilts were analyzed in three comparisons; 1) PPA cases and cyclic controls at follicular phase of estrous cycle, 2) BA cases and cyclic controls at luteal phase of estrous cycle, and 3) gilts at different stages of the ovarian cycle (cyclic gilts at follicular phase and luteal phase of estrous cycle) to gain functional understanding of how these rarely studied tissues may differ between pubertal phenotypes and different stages of the estrous cycle of gilts. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) between PPA and BA cases and their respective cyclic controls were involved in neurological and behavioral disorders as well as nervous system functions that could directly or indirectly involved in development of behaviors related to estrus. The comparison between cyclic follicular and luteal phase control gilts identified the greatest number of DEG in the hippocampus and amygdala. These DEG were involved in adult neurogenesis and neural synapse (e.g., GABAergic, dopamine, cholinergic) suggesting that these tissues undergo structural changes and synaptic plasticity in gilts. This is the first report to demonstrate that the stage of estrous cycle is associated with dynamic changes in gene expression within porcine hippocampus and amygdala and indicates a role of gonadal steroids in regulating their biology.

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Metabolomic Profile of Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles across the Estrous Cycle in Cattle

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20246339 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (24) ◽

pp. 6339 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Julie Gatien ◽

Pascal Mermillod ◽

Guillaume Tsikis ◽

Ophélie Bernardi ◽

Sarah Janati Idrissi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrous Cycle ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Early Embryo ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Metabolomic Profiling ◽

Late Luteal Phase

Oviductal extracellular vesicles (oEVs) have been proposed as key modulators of gamete/embryo maternal interactions. The aim of this study was to examine the metabolite content of oEVs and its regulation across the estrous cycle in cattle. Oviductal EVs were isolated from bovine oviducts ipsilateral and contralateral to ovulation at four stages of the estrous cycle (post-ovulatory stage, early and late luteal phases, and pre-ovulatory stage). The metabolomic profiling of EVs was performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). NMR identified 22 metabolites in oEVs, among which 15 were quantified. Lactate, myoinositol, and glycine were the most abundant metabolites throughout the estrous cycle. The side relative to ovulation had no effect on the oEVs’ metabolite concentrations. However, levels of glucose-1-phosphate and maltose were greatly affected by the cycle stage, showing up to 100-fold higher levels at the luteal phase than at the peri-ovulatory phases. In contrast, levels of methionine were significantly higher at peri-ovulatory phases than at the late-luteal phase. Quantitative enrichment analyses of oEV-metabolites across the cycle evidenced several significantly regulated metabolic pathways related to sucrose, glucose, and lactose metabolism. This study provides the first metabolomic characterization of oEVs, increasing our understanding of the potential role of oEVs in promoting fertilization and early embryo development.

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Luteal phase ovarian stimulation versus follicular phase ovarian stimulation results in different human cumulus cells gene expression: a pilot study

10.21203/rs.2.22377/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Li-Te Lin ◽

Ju-Yueh Li ◽

Kuan-Hao Tsui ◽

Chia-Jung Li ◽

Peng-Hui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Ovarian Stimulation ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Cumulus Cells ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Basic Characteristics ◽

The Impact ◽

Luteal Phase Ovarian Stimulation

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Physiologic elevated levels of progesterone in luteal phase can impede early-onset LH surge. However, the impact of high levels of progesterone on the oocyte or cumulus cells (CCs) remains indistinct. Therefore, the aim of study was to investigate the CCs gene expression between luteal phase ovarian stimulation (LPOS) and follicular phase ovarian stimulation (FPOS) in poor ovarian responders (PORs) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective non-randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03238833). A total of 36 PORs who conformed Bologna criteria and underwent IVF cycles were enrolled. 15 PORs were allocated to the LPOS group and 21 PORs were allocated to the FPOS group. Basic characteristics, cycle characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. Moreover, CCs genes regarding inflammation (CXCL1, CXCL3, TNF, PTGES), oxidative-phosphorylation (NDUFB7, NDUFA4L2, SLC25A27), apoptosis (DAPK3, BCL6B) and metabolism (PCK1, LDHC) were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR between the two groups. RESULTS: Basic characteristics and IVF outcomes were similar between the two groups except significantly high progesterone level in the LPOS group. The mRNA expression of CXCL1 and PTGES were significantly lower in the LPOS group than in the FPOS group ( p < 0.05). The LPOS group had significantly lower mRNA expression of NDUFB7 and NDUFA4L2 than the FPOS group ( p < 0.05). DAPK3 and BCL6B mRNA expression were significantly higher in the LPOS group compared to FPOS group ( p < 0.05). Increased expression of PCK1 and decreased expression of LDHC were observed in the LPOS group compared to the FPOS group. ( p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the FPOS, the LPOS seemed to reduce favorable inflammation and mitochondrial function, and induce apoptosis and abnormal glucose metabolism in CCs.

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Direct in vitro effect of LH and steroids on leptin gene expression and leptin secretion by porcine luteal cells during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle

Reproductive Biology ◽

10.1016/j.repbio.2012.10.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 317-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gabriela Siawrys ◽

Nina Smolinska

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Luteal Cells ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Porcine Luteal Cells

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Leukotrienes modulate secretion of progesterone and prostaglandins during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in cattle: an in vivo study

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-10-0202 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 140 (5) ◽

pp. 767-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Anna J Korzekwa ◽

Mamadou M Bah ◽

Andrzej Kurzynowski ◽

Karolina Lukasik ◽

Agnieszka Groblewska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Cell Function ◽

Ovarian Cell

Recently, we showed that leukotrienes (LTs) regulate ovarian cell functionin vitro. The aim of this study was to examine the role of LTs in corpus luteum (CL) function during both the estrous cycle and early pregnancyin vivo. mRNA expression of LT receptors (BLTfor LTB4andCYSLTfor LTC4), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in CL tissue and their localization in the ovary were studied during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Moreover, concentrations of LTs (LTB4and C4) in the CL tissue and blood were measured.5-LOandBLTmRNA expression increased on days 16–18 of the cycle, whereasCYSLTmRNA expression increased on days 16–18 of the pregnancy. The level of LTB4was evaluated during pregnancy compared with the level of LTC4, which increased during CL regression. LT antagonists influenced the duration of the estrous cycle: the LTC4antagonist (azelastine) prolonged the luteal phase, whereas the LTB4antagonist (dapsone) caused earlier luteolysisin vivo. Dapsone decreased progesterone (P4) secretion and azelastine increased P4secretion during the estrous cycle. In summary, LT action in the bovine reproductive tract is dependent on LT type: LTB4is luteotropic during the estrous cycle and supports early pregnancy, whereas LTC4is luteolytic, regarded as undesirable in early pregnancy. LTs are produced/secreted in the CL tissue, influence prostaglandin function, and serve as important factors during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in cattle.

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Slowing Down Ageing: The Role of Nutrients and Microbiota in Modulation of the Epigenome

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11061251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Agnieszka Gadecka ◽

Anna Bielak-Zmijewska

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Chromatin Structure ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Epigenetic Modification ◽

Condensed Chromatin ◽

Gene Promoters ◽

Methylation Of Dna ◽

Age Related ◽

Altered Gene

The human population is getting ageing. Both ageing and age-related diseases are correlated with an increased number of senescent cells in the organism. Senescent cells do not divide but are metabolically active and influence their environment by secreting many proteins due to a phenomenon known as senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells differ from young cells by several features. They possess more damaged DNA, more impaired mitochondria and an increased level of free radicals that cause the oxidation of macromolecules. However, not only biochemical and structural changes are related to senescence. Senescent cells have an altered chromatin structure, and in consequence, altered gene expression. With age, the level of heterochromatin decreases, and less condensed chromatin is more prone to DNA damage. On the one hand, some gene promoters are easily available for the transcriptional machinery; on the other hand, some genes are more protected (locally increased level of heterochromatin). The structure of chromatin is precisely regulated by the epigenetic modification of DNA and posttranslational modification of histones. The methylation of DNA inhibits transcription, histone methylation mostly leads to a more condensed chromatin structure (with some exceptions) and acetylation plays an opposing role. The modification of both DNA and histones is regulated by factors present in the diet. This means that compounds contained in daily food can alter gene expression and protect cells from senescence, and therefore protect the organism from ageing. An opinion prevailed for some time that compounds from the diet do not act through direct regulation of the processes in the organism but through modification of the physiology of the microbiome. In this review we try to explain the role of some food compounds, which by acting on the epigenetic level might protect the organism from age-related diseases and slow down ageing. We also try to shed some light on the role of microbiome in this process.

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Contractile effect of PGF2α and PGE2 on isolated branches of uterine and ovarian artery in different days of estrous cycle and early pregnancy in pigs

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10181-010-0009-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 597-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Skipor ◽

M. Pikulińska ◽

S. Stefańczyk-Krzymowska

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Uterine Artery ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Ovarian Artery ◽

Contractile Effect ◽

Strong Contraction

Contractile effect of PGF2α and PGE2 on isolated branches of uterine and ovarian artery in different days of estrous cycle and early pregnancy in pigs The contractile effects of PGF2α (3 × 10-6 to 10-4 M) and PGE2 (10-7 to 10-5 M) were examined on isolated branches of ovarian artery (OA) and extramyometrial branches of uterine artery (UA) collected from pigs in the luteal (day 10-12) and follicular phase (day 17-20) of the estrous cycle, and during early pregnancy (day 10-12). Strong contraction was demonstrated in both arteries during all investigated periods in response to PGF2α, which was significantly higher (P <0.01) than to PGE2, being negligible in the follicular phase. In UA, the effective dose of PGF2α (ED50) amounted 7.9 × 10-6 M and 6.3 × 10-6 M in the luteal and follicular phase, and 5.0 × 10-6 M in early pregnancy. ED50 for PGE2 reached 5.0 × 10-7 M in the luteal phase, and 4.1 × 10-7 M in early pregnancy. For both prostaglandins, the contraction was much stronger (P <0.01) in OA than in UA branches. In OA, the ED50 for PGF2α was 1.2 × 10-5 M in the luteal phase and was significantly higher (P <0.05) than in the follicular phase (3.1 × 10-6 M) and early pregnancy (2.7 × 10-6 M). ED50 for PGE2 amounted 7.3 × 10-7 M in the luteal phase and 1.7 × 10-7 M in early pregnancy. Studies showed the influence of the estrous cycle and early pregnancy on OA branches sensitivity to the contractile effect of PGF2α and the lack of this effect on UA branches, and the influence of the estrous cycle on UA and OA branch contraction in response to PGE2.

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Lysophosphatic acid modulates prostaglandin secretion in the bovine uterus

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-08-0209 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

pp. 95-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Izabela Woclawek-Potocka ◽

Junichi Komiyama ◽

Jean Sebastian Saulnier-Blache ◽

Edyta Brzezicka ◽

Mamadou Moussa Bah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽

Lpa Receptor

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) modulates prostaglandin (PG) synthesis via LPA receptor 3 (LPAR3) in the murine endometrium. The lack of functional LPAR3 in mice may lead to embryo mortality. In the present study, we examined the role of LPA in the bovine uterus. We confirmed that LPA is locally produced and released from the bovine endometrium. Moreover, there are enzymes involved in LPA synthesis (phospholipase(PL)D2and PLA2G1B) in the bovine endometrium during estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Expression of the receptor for LPA (LPAR1) was positively correlated with the expression ofPGE2synthase(PGES) and negatively correlated with the expression ofPGF2αsynthase(aldose reductase with 20 α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity –PGFS) during early pregnancy.In vivoLPA induced P4 and PGE2secretion was inhibited by LPAR1 antagonist (Ki16425). The overall results indicate that LPA is locally produced and released from the bovine endometrium. Moreover,LPAR1gene expression in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy indicates that LPA may play autocrine and/or paracrine roles in the bovine uterus.LPAR1gene expression is positively correlated with the expression of the enzyme responsible for luteotropic PGE2production (PGES) in endometrium. In cow, LPA stimulates P4 and PGE2secretion. Thus, LPA in the bovine reproductive tract may indirectly (via endometrium) or directly support corpus luteum action via the increase of P4 synthesis and the increase of PGE2/PGF2αratio. It suggests that LPA may serve as an important factor in the maintenance of early pregnancy in cow.

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Peripheral concentrations of inhibin A, ovarian steroids, and gonadotropins associated with follicular development throughout the estrous cycle of the sow

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-09-0018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139 (1) ◽

pp. 153-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Michiko Noguchi ◽

Koji Yoshioka ◽

Seigo Itoh ◽

Chie Suzuki ◽

Sachiko Arai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrous Cycle ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Follicular Development ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Follicular Growth ◽

Inhibin A ◽

Ovarian Steroids ◽

Feedback Regulator

We investigated changes in peripheral concentrations of inhibin A, total inhibin, steroids, and gonadotropins throughout the intact estrous cycle of the sow in relation to ovarian changes determined by daily transrectal ultrasonography. All visible follicles of 3 mm or more in diameter were classified as small (≥3 and <6 mm) or large (≥6 mm). Follicular recruitment was identified in two periods of the cycle: one from the late luteal to the follicular phase, characterized by an increase in the number of small follicles followed by the appearance of large follicles; and another during the early luteal phase, consisting only of increased numbers of small follicles. Plasma concentrations of inhibin A increased (P<0.05), coinciding with the two periods of follicle emergence. Estradiol (E2) levels increased (P<0.05) during the follicular phase, but not during the early luteal phase. An inverse relationship (P<0.01) between the patterns of inhibin and FSH concentrations was noted around the two periods of follicle emergence, but there was no relationship (P≥0.1) between the patterns of plasma E2and FSH during the early luteal phase. In conclusion, measurement of plasma inhibin A levels combined with ultrasonographic examination of the ovaries revealed two periods of synchronous follicular growth during the sow's estrous cycle. The results strongly suggest that inhibin A functions as a negative feedback regulator of FSH secretion throughout the estrous cycle, whereas E2appears to influence FSH secretion only during the follicular phase.

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