scholarly journals 160 Steers inoculated with Salmonella exhibit dissimilar hematology and body temperature profiles based on their exposure to a synthetic glucocorticoid

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Shannon R Wilkerson ◽  
P Rand Broadway ◽  
Jeffery A Carroll ◽  
Nicole Burdick-Sanchez ◽  
Daniel A Tigue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Oral Inoculation

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of daily dexamethasone (DEX) infusions on hematology and body temperature in response to experimental, oral inoculation with Salmonella typhimurium. Weaned Holstein steer calves (n = 20; BW=102±2.7 kg) received DEX (n = 10; 0.5mg/kg BW) or saline (CON; n = 10; 0.5mg/kg BW) for 4 d (from d -1 to d 2) while simultaneously receiving an oral inoculation of a naldixic acid resistant Salmonella typhimurium (3.4x106 CFU/animal) via milk replacer on d 0. Fecal swabs for SAL shedding were obtained daily and samples were confirmed positive starting 24 h post inoculation (d 1) to harvest (d 5). Dexamethasone (DEX) administration was achieved via indwelling jugular catheters which were fitted simultaneously with rectal temperature (RT) recording devices on d −2 relative to inoculation and placed in individual pens in an environmentally controlled facility. Whole blood was collected at -24, -12, and 0 h; and at 8-h intervals from 8 to 120 h for hematology. There was a time x treatment (There should be) for RT such that the DEX treatment resulted in a decreased RT on d -1 to 2. A treatment × time interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for total white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes. Specifically, DEX increased WBC and neutrophils in DEX steers (P < 0.0001) yet lymphocytes increased following DEX administration (P < 0.05 at 24 and 48 h, respectively). Monocytes initially increased (P < 0.001) in response to the -24 h DEX treatment but slowly decreased beyond CON group levels following the 48 h DEX treatment. These data may be interpreted as either mimicking multiple acute stressors with respect to daily DEX injections, mild immunosuppression due to multiple DEX exposures, or a combination of both scenarios when juxtaposing DEX and Salmonella inoculation.

scholarly journals ON THE RELATION OF THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE BLOOD TO THE NUMBER OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN HEALTH, AND TO THE NUMBER OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND THE BODY TEMPERATURE IN PERITONITIS

1910 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Winternitz ◽  
J. P. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Corpus Striatum ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Large Animals

The catalytic activity of the blood of normal rabbits varies almost directly with the volume and number of red blood cells. This explains to a certain extent at least why animals of the same general degree of nutrition, and of the same litter, should have about the same activity since they are likely to have the same number of red blood cells, and why healthy large animals should read high while small poorly nourished ones should read low. Accompanying the hyperpyrexia resulting from puncture of the corpus striatum of a rabbit's brain, there is no change in either the catalytic activity of the blood or the white blood count. In experimentally produced peritonitis, the catalytic activity of the blood always rises, and is, therefore, absolutely independent of body temperature and white blood cells since one or both of these may rise, fall or remain stationary while the catalytic action increases.

scholarly journals Cathelicidin senses enteric pathogen Salmonella typhimurium/LPS for colonic chemokine generation: a new innate immune role for a host defense peptide

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Holani ◽  
Fernando Lopes ◽  
Graham A. D. Blyth ◽  
Humberto Jijon ◽  
Derek M. McKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
Infectious Colitis ◽  
Mrna Stabilization ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens

AbstractThe mechanisms by which epithelia identify and respond to pathogens are manifold, nuanced and complex. Here, using human-colon derived HT29 epithelial cells, mouse and human primary colonoids, and cathelicidin null (Cramp) mice, we report a novel immunoregulatory role for the antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin, that was found to recognize and synergise with Salmonella typhimurium or its derived virulence factor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to promote epithelial synthesis of the chemokine IL-8/KC for neutrophil recruitment/activation during infectious colitis. Mechanistically, cathelicidin facilitated the internalization of LPS via GM1 lipid rafts and subsequent TLR4 activation to promote IL-8 production. Furthermore, IL-8 output required the integrated activity of two signal transduction pathways: NF-κB and MEK 1/2 kinase signaling was required for IL-8 mRNA synthesis, while Src-EGFR-p38MAPK (NF-κB independent) activity underlay IL-8 mRNA stabilization. This immunomodulatory function of cathelicidin was key in colon defense, since Cramp−/− mice infected with a natural murine Gram negative intestinal pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium, displayed diminished KC secretion, impaired mobilization and reduced clearance of the bacteria. Occurring at concentrations lower than those necessary for anti-microbial activity, cathelicidin’s capacity to sense pathogens/LPS and enhance neutrophil recruitment reveals a novel function for this peptide in directing innate immunity which may be of pivotal importance in the control of infections colitis.Author summaryThe gut lining has a well regulated immune system that tolerates resident bacteria and does not respond to them. However, when pathogenic bacteria enter, there needs to be a protective response. How the gut lining ‘switches’ from passive to protective is of interest. In our study, we determined host defense cathelicidin peptide (either naturally occurring or administered) “instructs” the colon lining to produce a compound (IL-8) that attracts white blood cells in response to a pathogen (Salmonella typhimurium) or lipopolysaccharide, a component of this pathogen’s cell wall. We discovered a novel mechanism by which cathelicidin facilitates uptake of lipopolysaccharide by the lining of the colon and how it activates receptors to increase synthesis and release of IL-8. In addition, we also detected a synergistic action between cathelicidin and intestinal pathogens in laboratory cultures of colon tissues from mice and humans, as well as in a mouse model of colitis with another pathogenic bacterium. Cathelicidin induced production of IL-8 which attracted and stimulated more white blood cells. Therefore, in addition to potential direct actions to supress harmful bacteria, cathelicidin also acts as a biological sensor in the gut lining, recognizing pathogens or factors they produce and increasing white cell responses.

scholarly journals Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) terhadap Suhu Tubuh, Frekuensi Pernapasan dan Profil Sel Darah Putih Kambing Peranakan Etawa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Dwi Wijayanti ◽  
Firgian Ardigurnita
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Current Observation

ABSTRAK. Buah parijoto termasuk tanaman herbal yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bidang peternakan sebagai obat dan pakan ternak. Kandungan buah parijoto berupa flavonoid, antioksidan dan saponin dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan suhu tubuh, frekuensi pernapasan dan profil sel darah putih kambing Peranakan Etawa yang diberi ekstrak buah parijoto. Kambing Peranakan Etawa betina berjumlah 16 ekor umur 1,5-2 tahun dengan bobot badan 80±0,57 kg. Ekstrak buah parijoto diberikan selama 21 hari dan semua data parameter diambil pada hari ke-1, ke-7, ke-14 dan ke-21. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 2 faktor (dosis pemberian dan waktu pengamatan) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan 4 ulangan. Hasil Interaksi dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dengan waktu pengamatan tidak berpengaruh terhadap suhu badan pada kambing Peranakan Etawa dan antara perlakuan dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dan waktu pengamatan terhadap suhu badan, frekuensi pernapasan dan presentasi neutrofil pada kambing peranakan etawa dengan nilai berturut turut yaitu 0,71; 0,25 dan 0,56 (P0,05). Interaksi dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dengan waktu pengamatan yaitu 0,02; 0,03; 0,01 sehingga terdapat pengaruh nyata (P0,05) antara perlakuan dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dan waktu pengamatan terhadap jumlah sel darah putih, presentasi monosit dan presentasi eosinophil pada kambing peranakan etawa. Pemberian ekstrak buah parijoto dengan dosis dan waktu pengamatan memberikan pengaruh (P0,05) terhadap dengan jumlah sel darah putih, presentasi monosit, presentasi eosinophil tetapi tidak berpengaruh (P0,05) pada suhu badan, frekuensi pernapasan dan presentasi neutrofil.  (Effects of parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) fruit extract in body temperature, respiratory frequency and profile of white blood cells on etawa crossbred goat) ABSTRACT. Parijoto fruit includes herbs that can be utilized in the field of livestock as medicine and fodder. The content of the Parijoto fruit in the form of flavonoids, antioxidants, and saponins can increase body endurance. The study aims to determine the relation of body temperature, respiratory frequency and the profile of white blood cells of the Etawa crossbred goat which had given Parijoto fruit extract. The Etawa crossbred goat is 16 head 1.5-2 years old with body weight 80 ± 0.57 kg. Parijoto fruit extracts were administered for 21 days and all parameter data is taken on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day. The study used a complete randomized design of 2-factor factorial (given dose and observation time) consisting of 4 4-replay treatments. The parameters calculated in this study are body temperature, respiratory frequency, white blood cell count, differential leukocytes. The interaction of the dose of Parijoto fruit extract with the time of observation has no effect on the body temperature in the etawa crossbred goat and the treatment of the dose of Parijoto fruit extract and during observation of the body temperature, respiratory frequency and presentation of neutrophils in the  Etawa crossbred goat 0.25 and 0.56 (P0.05). Interaction of the dose of Parijoto fruit extract with the current observation of 0.02, 0.03, 0.01 So there is a noticeable influence (P0.05) between the dose treatment of parijoto fruit extract and when observing the number of white blood cells, monocyte presentation and eosinophil presentation on the  Etawa crossbred goat. The administration of Parijoto fruit extracts with doses and when the observation gives effect (P0.05) against the number of white blood cells, monocyte presentation, eosinophil presentation but has no effect (P0.05) at body temperature, respiratory frequency and neutrophil presentation.

scholarly journals A comparison of the effects of oral inoculation with Rotashield and pentavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine (WC3-PV) on suckling CB17scid mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 2245-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiping Qiao ◽  
H. Fred Clark ◽  
Matthew DiVietro ◽  
Marie Riepenhoff-Talty
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Biphasic Pattern ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Two Peaks

The effects of oral inoculation into infant CB17scid mice of two reassortant rotavirus vaccines were compared. The vaccines were Rotashield and WC3-PV, a mixture of five reassortants (G1, G2, G3, G4 and P1; pentavalent reassortant vaccine). Control mice were inoculated with a placebo. At 6 days post-inoculation (p.i.), 8 of 13 (62 %; P<0·005) Rotashield-inoculated mice developed hepatitis and/or bile-duct obstruction compared with none of 11 mice given WC3-PV and none of 14 given placebo. In the Rotashield-inoculated mice, only serotype G3 rhesus rotavirus (RRV) was isolated from multiple sites, including intestine, liver, pancreas, spleen, blood and mesenteric lymph nodes. Recovery of RRV from Rotashield-inoculated mice followed a biphasic pattern. The two peaks of RRV recovery appeared to coincide firstly with replication in the intestine during days 1–3 p.i., and secondly with virus infection of the liver from days 10 to 15 p.i. WC3 reassortants of four different serotypes were detected only at day 1 p.i. in the intestine, liver, pancreas and blood cells from three WC3-PV-inoculated mouse pups. However, WC3-PV did not produce any hepatopathology. Rotashield and WC3-PV appeared to exhibit different biological activity in infant CB17scid mouse pups.

A longer adaptation period to a functional amino acid-supplemented diet improves growth performance and immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A Rodrigues ◽  
Michael O Wellington ◽  
J Caroline González-Vega ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Andrew G Van Kessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract We recently showed that dietary supplementation with key functional amino acids (FAA) improves growth performance and immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST)-challenged pigs. It is not known if ST-challenged pigs will benefit from a longer adaptation period to FAA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different adaptation periods to diets containing FAA above requirements for growth on performance and immune response of weaned pigs subsequently challenged with ST. Thirty-two mixed-sex weanling pigs (11.6 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, being a basal amino acid (AA) profile fed throughout the experimental period (FAA-) or a functional AA profile (FAA+; Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements) fed only in the post-inoculation (FAA+0), for 1 wk pre- and post-inoculation (FAA+1), or throughout the experimental period (FAA+2). After a 14-d adaptation period, pigs were inoculated with ST (2.15 x 10 9 CFU/mL). Growth performance, body temperature, fecal score, acute-phase proteins, oxidant/antioxidant balance, score for ST shedding in feces and intestinal colonization, and fecal and digesta myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured pre- and post-inoculation. Post-inoculation body temperature and fecal score, serum haptoglobin, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and fecal MPO were increased while serum albumin and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH):oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were reduced compared to pre-inoculation (P &lt; 0.05). Average daily gain and G:F were greater in FAA+2 pigs compared to FAA- pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Serum albumin was higher in FAA+2 and FAA+1 compared to FAA+0 and FAA- pigs (P &lt; 0.05) while FAA+2 pigs had lower haptoglobin compared to FAA- (P &lt; 0.05). Plasma SOD was increased and GSH:GSSG was decreased in FAA- pigs compared to the other treatments (P &lt; 0.05). Score for ST shedding in feces was progressively lower from d 1 to 6 regardless of treatment (P &lt; 0.05) and was lower in FAA+2 pigs compared to FAA- and FAA+0 (P &lt; 0.05). Counts of ST in colon digesta were higher in FAA- and FAA+0 pigs compared to FAA+2 (P &lt; 0.05). Fecal and colonic digesta MPO were lower in FAA+2 and FAA+1 pigs compared to FAA- (P &lt; 0.05). These results demonstrate a positive effect of a longer adaptation period to FAA-supplemented diets on performance and immune status of weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Regresi Kuantil Multivariat pada Perubahan Trombosit Pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Widya Nauli Amalia Puteri ◽  
Anna Islamiyati ◽  
Anisa Anisa
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Conditional Quantile ◽  
The Difference

Quantile regression is an extension of the regression model of conditional quantile where the distribution is derived from the response variable expressed as a co-variate function. Quantile regression can model data that contain outliers. Patterns of platelet change in DHF patients based on body temperature and white blood cells were analyzed by quantile regression using θ = 0,25; 0,50, and 0,75. Based on the parameter estimation results, the quantile θ = 0,25 and 0,75 obtained variables that affect the platelets of DHF patients are white blood cells. Significant differences from the variables in each quantile occur because of the possibility of other factors that influence the platelets of DHF patients that are not contained in the model. The difference in the influence of factors on each quantile requires an appropriate adjustment of medical measures so that efficiency can be obtained in handling DHF patients.

Ultrastructural changes in murine lymphoma cells exposed to ultraviolet-A radiation

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Delma P. Thomas ◽  
Dianne E. Godar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Murine Lymphoma ◽  
Transmission Electron

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from all three waveband regions of the UV spectrum, UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm), can be emitted by some medical devices and consumer products. Sunlamps can expose the blood to a considerable amount of UVR, particularly UVA and/or UVB. The percent transmission of each waveband through the epidermis to the dermis, which contains blood, increases in the order of increasing wavelength: UVC (10%) < UVB (20%) < UVA (30%). To investigate the effects of UVR on white blood cells, we chose transmission electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructure changes in L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells.

The Effect of Red Blood Cells on the ADP-induced Aggregation of Human Platelets in Flow Through Tubes

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Bell ◽  
Samira Spain ◽  
Harry L Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe effect of red blood cells, rbc, and shear rate on the ADPinduced aggregation of platelets in whole blood, WB, flowing through polyethylene tubing was studied using a previously described technique (1). Effluent WB was collected into 0.5% glutaraldehyde and the red blood cells removed by centrifugation through Percoll. At 23°C the rate of single platelet aggregtion was upt to 9× greater in WB than previously found in platelet-rich plasma (2) at mean tube shear rates Ḡ = 41.9,335, and 1,920 s−1, and at both 0.2 and 1.0 µM ADP. At 0.2 pM ADP, the rate of aggregation was greatest at Ḡ = 41.9 s−1 over the first 1.7 s mean transit time through the flow tube, t, but decreased steadily with time. At Ḡ ≥335 s−1 the rate of aggregation increased between t = 1.7 and 8.6 s; however, aggregate size decreased with increasing shear rate. At 1.0 µM ADP, the initial rate of single platelet aggregation was still highest at Ḡ = 41.9 s1 where large aggregates up to several millimeters in diameter containing rbc formed by t = 43 s. At this ADP concentration, aggregate size was still limited at Ḡ ≥335 s−1 but the rate of single platelet aggregation was markedly greater than at 0.2 pM ADP. By t = 43 s, no single platelets remained and rbc were not incorporated into aggregates. Although aggregate size increased slowly, large aggregates eventually formed. White blood cells were not significantly incorporated into aggregates at any shear rate or ADP concentration. Since the present technique did not induce platelet thromboxane A2 formation or cause cell lysis, these experiments provide evidence for a purely mechanical effect of rbc in augmenting platelet aggregation in WB.

White blood cells levels and PCOS: direct and indirect relationship with insulin resistance, but not with hyperandogenemia

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Papalou ◽  
Sarantis Livadas ◽  
Athanasios Karachalios ◽  
Nektarios Benetatos ◽  
George Boutzios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Indirect Relationship

Endogenous Heparinoids Detected by anti-Xa Activity are Present in Blood during Acute Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhosis. A Prospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Triantos ◽  
Emmanuel Louvros ◽  
Maria Kalafateli ◽  
Anne Riddell ◽  
Ulrich Thalheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Variceal Bleeding ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Ulcer Bleeding ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis

Background & Aims: Endogenous heparinoids have been detected by thromboelastography and quantified by clotting based anti-Xa activity assays in patients with cirrhosis, but their presence in variceal bleeding has not been established yet.Methods: Clotting based anti-Xa activity was measured in A) 30 cirrhotics with variceal bleeding, B) 15 noncirrhotics with peptic ulcer bleeding, C) 10 cirrhotics without infection or bleeding, and D) 10 cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Results: Anti-Xa activity was not detected in ulcer bleeders or in cirrhotics without infection or bleedingbut was present in seven (23%) variceal bleeders (median levels: 0.03 u/mL (0.01-0.07)) and was quantifiable for 3 days in six of seven patients. Four of seven variceal bleeders with anti-Xa activity present had HCC (p=0.023). Age, creatinine, platelet count and total infections the second day from admission were significantly correlated with the presence of measureable anti-Xa levels (p=0.014, 0.032, 0.004 and 0.019, respectively). In the HCC group, anti-Xa activity was present in three patients (30%) [median levels: 0.05 u/mL (0.01-0.06)].Conclusions: In this study, variceal bleeders and 30% of the patients with HCC had endogenous heparinoids that were detected by a clotting based anti-Xa activity assay, whereas there was no anti Xa activity present in patients with cirrhosis without infection, or bleeding or HCC, nor in those with ulcer bleeding. Thus, the anti-Xa activity is likely to be a response to bacterial infection and/or presence of HCC in cirrhosis.List of abbreviations: AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CP, Child-Pugh; FXa, activated factor X; GAGS, glycosaminoglycans; Hb, hemoglobin; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; INR, International normalized ratio; LMWHs, low molecular weight heparins; MELD, Model for End-stage Liver Disease; PPP, platelet-poor plasma; PRBC, packed red blood cells; PT, prothrombin time; SBP, sponataneous bacterial peritonitis; TEG, thromboelastography; WBC, white blood cells.

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