scholarly journals 353 Optimal dietary lysine for growth development of gilts until first parity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 147-148
Author(s):  
China Supakorn ◽  
Clay A Lents ◽  
Xochitl Martinez ◽  
Jeff Vallet ◽  
R Dean Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Sow Longevity ◽  
Gilt Development ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Finisher Diets

Abstract Unacceptable sow longevity in modern production systems has placed nutritional programs for developing gilts into question. Nutritional programs are well defined for terminal pigs, but not for developing gilts. To achieve breeding targets and allow gilts to meet their maternal genetic potential for lifetime productivity, the optimum lysine requirement for developing gilts should be well understood. The National Pork Board Animal Science Committee commissioned trials to determine the optimum lysine levels for developing gilts in U.S. pig production systems. An experiment was conducted to challenge proposed dietary lysine concentration for optimum growth rate during gilt development. A total of 2,960 growing crossbred gilts were fed three grower-finisher diets, formulated to provide low lysine (0.68 and 0.52% SID lysine), medium lysine (0.79 and 0.60% SID lysine), and high lysine (0.90 and 0.68% SID lysine) levels and fed to developing gilts starting from 142 to 200 d of age. Gilts fed the high lysine dietary treatment had significantly increased body weight (BW), flank-to-flank length, backfat thickness (BF), loin depth (LD), average daily gain, and fat-to-lean ratio (P < 0.05). Moreover, gilts fed the high lysine treatment during development phase had greater BW (202.4 ± 1.2 kg), BF (14.8 ± 0.2 mm), and LD (5.4 ± 0.5 cm) at first farrowing and BF (15.1 ± 0.2 mm) at weaning when compared with gilts fed the medium and low lysine treatments (P < 0.05). Litter birth weight (17.4 ± 0.3 kg), number weaned (9.0 ± 0.2), and litter weaning weight (46.6 ± 0.9 kg) from the gilts fed the high lysine sow treatment were greater when compared with performance from gilts fed the medium and low treatments (P < 0.05). Gilt development diets containing 2.79 g and 2.08 g SID lysine per MCal ME (high lysine grower and finisher diets, respectively) allowed gilts to achieve good growth and first parity reproductive performance.

scholarly journals 151 Use of an automated computer vision system to predict body weight and average daily gain in beef cattle in different phases of growth development

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Alexandre Cominotte ◽  
Arthur Francisco Araujo Fernandes ◽  
João R R Dorea ◽  
Guilherme J M Rosa ◽  
Otávio Machado-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Computer Vision System ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Predictive Approaches ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Frequent measurements of body weight (BW) in livestock production systems are very important because they allow the assessment of growth development of animals. However, monitoring animal growth through traditional weighing scales is laborious and stressful for animals. Thus, the objectives of this study were to: 1) assess the predictive quality of an automated computer vision system used to predict BW and average daily gain (ADG) in beef cattle; and 2) compare different predictive approaches (Multiple Linear Regression: MLR, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator: LASSO, Partial Least Squares: PLS, and Artificial Neutral Networks: ANN). A total of 234 images of Nellore beef cattle were collected during weaning, stocker and feedlot phase. Biometric body measurements from each animal were performed using 3D images captured with the Kinect® sensor, together with their respective BW acquired using an electronic scale. The biometric measurements were used as explanatory variables for each predictive model. Prediction quality was assessed using a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy. The ANN approach resulted on higher precision and accuracy for BW prediction compared to the other methods, with Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) and squared predictive correlation (r2) equal to: RMSEP = 8.6 kg and r2= 0.91 for weaning; RMSEP = 11.4 kg and r2= 0.79 for stocker, and RMSEP = 7.7 kg and r2= 0.92 for beginning of feedlot. The ANN was also superior for prediction of ADG for the weaning to stocker, weaning to beginning of feedlot, weaning to end of feedlot, stocker to beginning of feedlot and beginning to end of feedlot, with RMSEP: 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.10 and 0.09 kg/d, and r2: 0.67, 0.85, 0.80, 0.51 and 0.82, respectively. Overall, results indicate that an automated computer vision system is a potential tool for real-time measurement of BW and ADG in beef cattle.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of different varieties of sorghum and the effects on nursery pig growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori L Thomas ◽  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Hans H Stein ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Five experiments were conducted to determine the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in three sorghum varieties compared with corn and to determine the effects of sorghum varieties on nursery pig growth. In exp. 1, 48 barrows (initially 18.6 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial evaluating two levels of microbial phytase (0 or 500 units/kg) and four grain sources (corn, high-lysine, red, or white sorghum). Added phytase improved (P &lt; 0.05) STTD of P in all ingredients, but was not different among the grains. In exp. 2, the DE and ME in the three sorghum varieties were not different from corn. In exp. 3, 10 growing barrows (initially 25.9 kg) with a T-cannula in the terminal ileum were used. Standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met, Thr, and Val were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in corn than in the sorghum-based diets with no differences among the sorghum varieties. In exp. 4, 160 pigs (initially 6.3 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments with five pigs per pen and eight replicate pens per treatment in a 20-d experiment. Dietary treatments included corn or the three sorghum varieties, where the varieties of sorghum replaced corn on an SID Lys basis. No differences among treatments were observed in any growth performance parameters. In exp. 5, treatments consisted of a corn-based diet, a diet based on conventional sorghum (a mixture of red and white sorghum), and four diets with high-lysine sorghum containing increasing amounts of feed-grade AA, replacing soybean meal. Overall, pigs fed the high-lysine sorghum diet with the greatest amount of added feed-grade AA had the poorest gain:feed ratio (G:F; P &lt; 0.05) compared with pigs fed all the other experimental diets. Within those fed the high-lysine sorghum and feed-grade AA, average daily gain, final body weight (linear, P &lt; 0.10), and G:F (linear, P &lt; 0.01) decreased as feed-grade AA increased. In summary, no differences in STTD of P or in DE and ME were observed among the grain sources. The SID AA values for the three sorghum varieties were not different; however, they were all lower than for corn. These results indicate that these varieties of sorghum can successfully replace corn in nursery pig diets if diets are formulated to account for differences in AA digestibility.

scholarly journals Winter Grazing in a Grass-Fed System: Effect of Stocking Density and Sequential Use of Autumn-Stockpiled Grassland on Performance of Yearling Steers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingo J. Mata-Padrino ◽  
E. E. D. Felton ◽  
W. B. Bryan ◽  
D. P. Belesky
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Winter grazing can help reduce the need for purchased feeds in livestock production systems, when finishing cattle on pasture. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of stocking density and grazing stockpiled forage on performance of yearling steers during winter. Three grasslands were winter grazed for two years: I, naturalized pastureland, and II and III, sown and managed for hay production during the growing season but grazed in winter. Two stocking densities were used: low 7.41 and high 12.35 steers ha−1. Herbage mass was estimated before and after each grazing event, and disappearance (consumption, weathering, and trampling) was the difference between both. Forage mass and residual differed by stocking density (SD), year (YR), and grazing interval (GI), and disappearance differed by YR and GI. Grass and dead constituents of botanical composition differed by YR and GI. No differences were found for legumes and forbs. CP differed by YR and GI, and NDF and ADF differed only by YR. Steer average daily gain was 0.15 kg d−1in 2011 and 0.68 kg d−1in 2012 and varied by YR and GI. Acceptable gains in 2012 may be a product of environmental conditions that influenced herbage mass and nutritive value during stockpile and animal behavior during winter.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FEEDING PALM KERNEL MEAL ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
A. O. Aduku ◽  
J. O. Jegede ◽  
T. S. B. Tegbe ◽  
S. A. S. Olorunju
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty two (32) crossbred (Large white llampshire) boars and gilts of average initial weight of 41.55 kg were fed diets containing graded levels of palm kernel mcal (PKM). Pigs were randomly assigned to pens based on initial weight and sex and there were 2 pigs per pen. Palm kernel meal was fed at (a), (b) 21). 55 (c) (d) 61,65% of the diet to replace maize offal and full-fat soya-bean in the 16% crude protein diet for treatments 1 to 4. At the end of the 64-day trial, sixteen pigs (8 boars and 8 gilts) were used for carcass evaluation. Final weight of pigs decreased linearly (P<0.05) as the level of PKM increased in the diet. A quadratic response (P<0.05) was obtained for total gain and average daily gain, Average daily feed intake was not significantly allected by level of PKM fed but feed: gain increased linearly (P<0.05) as the level of PKM increased in the diet. Feed cost per kilogramme gain decreased significantly (P<0.05) as level of PKM increased but feed costs for the control and 20.55% PKM diets were similar. The feeding of PKM had no significant effect on dressing %, percentages of lam, shoulder, loin, belly, loin-eye area and backfat thickness. Organ weights (empty stomach, lungs, heart, kidneys and spleen) were not affected by dietary treatment. However, Weight of the liver increased linearly (P<0.05) as level of PKM inclusion increased in the diet. Boars had better gain (P<0.05) and better feed: gain ratio (P<0.01) compared to gilts.

PSIV-8 Effect of pre-grazing herbage mass, post-grazing sward height and finishing diet on performance of late-maturing beef steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 296-296
Author(s):  
Peter R Doyle ◽  
Mark McGee ◽  
Aidan P Moloney ◽  
Alan K Kelly ◽  
Edward G O’Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Grazing sward structure can influence animal performance in forage-only and forage plus concentrate-based production systems. The objective was to determine the effects of pre-grazing herbage mass (PGHM), post-grazing sward height (PGSH) and indoor finishing diet on performance of weaned, spring-born beef steers. Steers (n = 96, ca. 12 months of age, 396 ± 20.1 kg) previously fed grass silage only over the first winter, were assigned to one of twelve grazing groups, balanced for live weight. Grazing groups were randomly assigned to a two PGHM (1500 or 2500 kg DM/ha) × two PGSH (4 or 6 cm) factorial arrangement of treatments (n = 3 groups/treatment). Steers rotationally grazed Lolium perenne-dominant swards (not mechanically topped) for 222 days. Steers were then accommodated indoors and offered grass silage only (SO) or grass silage + 3.8 kg concentrate DM/head daily (SC) for a 146 day finishing period. Data were analysed using the mixed procedure of SAS with terms for PGHM, PGSH, finishing diet and their interactions in the model. Grazed herbage intake was unaffected by PGHM but was greater for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4 (6.94 vs. 6.18 kg DM/day; P &lt; 0.001). Steer average daily gain at pasture was greater for PGHM-1500 than PGHM-2500 (0.65 vs. 0.60 kg; P &lt; 0.05) and for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4 (0.70 vs. 0.55 kg; P &lt; 0.001). After indoor finishing, carcass weight was unaffected by PGHM, but was heavier for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4 (386 vs. 367 kg; P &lt; 0.01); carcass traits were unaffected by PGHM or PGSH. Carcasses were heavier (+43 kg), fatter (P &lt; 0.001) and more conformed (P &lt; 0.01) for SC than SO. In conclusion, both PGHM-2500 and PGSH-4 restricted animal growth at pasture; however, following an indoor finishing period, carcass weight did not differ between PGHM, but was heavier for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4.

scholarly journals Growing and finishing crossbred feedlot ewe lambs fed with increasing levels of concentrate in the diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4243
Author(s):  
Caroline Bertholini Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Da Graça Morais ◽  
Andréa Roberto Duarte Lopes Souza ◽  
Henrique Jorge Fernandes ◽  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Individual Evaluation ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Daily Gain

To maximize economic gain in sheep production systems it is critical to adjust feedlot diets to maximize performance while minimizing feed, and especially concentrate, waste. Little information is available on ideal diets for crossbred ewe lambs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot crossbred ewe lambs, and the digestibility of diets, with increasing levels of concentrate during the growing and finishing phases. Twenty-four crossbred Texel × Pantaneira Texel ewe lambs were confined and fed Tifton hay with increasing levels of concentrate in the diet (20, 40, 60 and 80%) for individual evaluation of dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility of diets, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Animals were slaughtered at 47 kg. In the growing phase, the inclusion of concentrate in the diets (1176 g.kg-1) did not change DMI (p > 0.05). Concentrate levels had a quadratic effect (p < 0.05) on the dry matter digestibility coefficient (DMDC) and on total digestible nutrients (TDN) during the growing phase. In the finishing phase, there was a negative linear effect of concentrate levels on DMI (p < 0.05), but TDN intake was similar among the experimental diets (p > 0.05). DMDC and TDN values displayed a quadratic behavior (p < 0.05), plateauing at 60% concentrate. ADG and FE increased as concentrate was added to the diet in the growing phase (p < 0.05). During the finishing phase, lamb performance was similar (p > 0.05) for different diets. Thus, the use of 60% concentrate in the confined crossbred ewe lamb diet during growing and 20% concentrate during finishing is recommended.

scholarly journals Fattening heifers on continuous pasture in mountainous regions – implications for productivity and meat quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Velik ◽  
I. Gangnat ◽  
R. Kitzer ◽  
E. Finotti ◽  
A. Steinwidder
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Economical and ecological issues as well as consumer demand for sustainably produced agricultural food rise the trends to fatten beef cattle on pasture during the grazing season. However, particularly for mountainous regions, implications of turning beef cattle on pasture remain unclear concerning animal performance and product quality. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare short grass grazing with a semi-intensive indoor fattening system in the Alps. Charolais &times; Simmental heifers of about 300 kg live weight were either fattened on continuous pasture (3&ndash;6 mm sward height) and finished in barn (Pasture group) or solely raised in barn on a grass silage-based diet with 2 kg concentrates (Indoor group). Animals were slaughtered at 550 kg live weight. Results showed that continuous pasture with a finishing period in barn allowed as good growth and carcass performance as fattening in barn. Over the whole experiment, average daily gain was 993 g/day in the Pasture group and 1026 g/day in the Indoor group. During the growing period, daily gain was numerically lower in the Pasture group than in the Indoor group (767 g and 936 g, respectively). Carcass fatness of pasture fed animals was lower but within the desirable threshold. Water holding capacity, meat colour, and shear force, an indicator for beef tenderness, were unaffected by feeding practices, but fat colour was more yellow in the Pasture group. Furthermore, meat from animals fattened on pasture had lower intramuscular fat contents and enhanced proportions of nutritionally valuable omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids. &nbsp;

Current recommended levels of dietary lysine in finisher pig diets are sufficient to maximise the response to ractopamine over 28 days but are insufficient in the first 7 days

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Rikard-Bell ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
R. J. van Barneveld ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
A. C. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Dietary ractopamine increases lean tissue deposition and responses increase as dose is increased provided sufficient dietary lysine is supplied. In Australia, diets supplemented with ractopamine (RAC) are formulated with 0.56 g available lysine per MJ digestible energy. The present study was conducted to investigate the interactions between dietary RAC and lysine on growth and carcass characteristics in ad libitum fed (13.8 MJ/kg) boars and gilts. The study involved 108 individually penned pigs at 17 weeks of age (64.1 ± 0.57 kg) in a 2 by 2 by 3 factorial design, with the respective factors being sex (gilt or boar), dietary lysine (low and high, i.e. 0.56 or 0.65 g available lysine/MJ digestible energy, respectively) and dietary RAC (0, 5 or 20 mg/kg) for 28 days. Over the 28-day study duration, both lysine diets containing dietary RAC were sufficient to elicit a response in average daily gain (ADG) (+5.8%, P = 0.026) and carcass weight (3%, P = 0.045), but not in feed efficiency (FE) (P = 0.555). However, over the period of the first 7 days, there were interactions between the effects of RAC and lysine for FE (P = 0.025) and ADG (P = 0.023), with both traits being responsive only to dietary RAC containing the high lysine, which increased FE (+9.1%, P = 0.002) and ADG (+7.2%, P = 0.068). Dietary RAC improved FE in the latter stages of the study, namely Days 15–21 (+5.7%, P = 0.031) and Days 22–28 (+4.9%, P = 0.040). The high RAC diet reduced carcass P2 backfat (–16.5%, P < 0.001) and fat tissue deposition (–6.2%, P = 0.074) and high lysine tended to reduce fat tissue deposition (–13.3%, P = 0.072). A sex by lysine interaction (P = 0.043) was observed for lean tissue deposition at 28 days, such that only the high-lysine diet increased lean deposition in boars (+11%, P < 0.05) but not in gilts. Dietary RAC tended to increase lean deposition (+14.0%, P = 0.067) in the first 14 days; however, only the high RAC diet increased lean deposition (+9.6%, P < 0.05) over 28 days. In conclusion, the current recommended supplementation levels of lysine for commercial gilts and boars fed RAC may limit the response to dietary RAC if the feeding regime is for short durations and boars will not maximise their lean tissue deposition rates.

scholarly journals Do Prenatally-Conditioned Flavor Preferences Affect Consumption of Creep Feed by Piglets?

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Figueroa ◽  
Ignacio Marchant ◽  
Pía Morales ◽  
Laura C. Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Conditioned Flavor

Piglets can prefer flavors that are presented to pregnant sows, hence this study intended to estimate the effect of prenatal exposure of piglets to flavors on the intake of flavored creep feed and performance. Gestational sows were fed either a flavored (garlic or aniseed; n24) or an unflavored diet (n24) from days 90 to 114 of gestation. Their litters were offered either garlic, aniseed, or unflavored creep feed during the suckling period, and its intake was measured as well as animal’s final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG). Data was analyzed taking into account the diet offered to both sows and piglets, as well as the interaction between these variables. As previous experiments have shown, flavor learning did not affect a piglet’s performance during the suckling period, finding no differences for creep feed intake, ADG, or BW according to diets (p > 0.05). Repeated exposure of piglets to previously learned flavors without clear post-ingestive benefits could nullify the strategies proposed. Moreover, milk and creep feed diets show a great reward contrast that may accelerate learning extinction. Results of the present and previous experiments suggest that current flavor continuity strategies that are proposed for pig production systems need to be reconsidered.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Energy Level on The Ration to The Mating Acceleration of Local Sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Lilis Khotijah ◽  
A.. Maulidina ◽  
Kukuh Budi Satoto ◽  
Komang Gede Wiryawan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Male Sheep

The aim of this research was to find the appropriate ration energy levels to determine the puberty time of ewes.  The study used 12 offspring female sheep obtained from crossing Jonggol ewes of Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (JASTRU) Faculty of Animal Science IPB with Garut male sheep.   The animal age was approximately 2-3 months with the average body weight 9.79 ± 1.97 kg.   The treatments were consisted of 3 rations which have different TDN level, namely: T1= 65% TDN, T2=70% TDN and T3= 75% TDN.  The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications.   The measured parameters were feed intake, average daily gain, and the first matting age and body weight.   The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance.   The results indicated that the ration energy levels did not significantly affected on the feed intake, average daily gain, as well as the first mating age and body weight.  The age of first mating was 180-203 days with body weight at 18-22 kg. It is concluded that the TDN level between 65% -75% has similar response to accelerate the mating of local sheep.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document