scholarly journals Nutrient content changes from steaming or soaking timothy-alfalfa hay: effects on feed preferences and acute glycemic response in Standardbred racehorses1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4199-4207
Author(s):  
Tiana G Owens ◽  
Madeline Barnes ◽  
Vanessa M Gargano ◽  
Louise Julien ◽  
Wilfredo D Mansilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Average Blood Glucose ◽  
Standardbred Racehorses

Abstract Soaking hay and steaming hay are strategies that are used to reduce respirable dust particles for horses but may result in variable nutrient losses, including nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and minerals. Since these losses have not been quantified in Canadian hay yet, the first aim of this study was to identify nutrient losses from first-cut timothy-alfalfa hay grown in southern Ontario, Canada, after soaking for 30 min or steaming for 60 min. It is uncertain whether horses prefer hay when it is dry, soaked, or steamed. To address this, 13 Standardbred racehorses were offered 2 of these hays side by side for 30 min on 6 consecutive occasions until all possible combinations had been offered. Quantity of hay eaten was determined and horses were video recorded during feedings to assess time spent eating and investigating hay. Additionally, consumption of feeds with differing NSC levels has been observed to influence glycemic response in horses; however, this has not been measured in horses consuming steamed hay before and the results from soaked hay studies have been inconclusive. As such, the final aim of this study was to examine acute glycemic response in horses after being fed dry, soaked, and steamed hays. Blood glucose was measured every 30 min from 9 Standardbred racehorses for 6 h following a meal of 0.5% of their body weight of treatment hay on a dry matter basis (DMB). Soaked, but not steamed, hay had lower concentrations of soluble protein, NSC, and potassium in contrast to the same dry hay (P < 0.05). Peak glucose, average blood glucose, total area under the curve, and time to peak did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). We conclude that acute glycemic response of racehorses was not influenced by soaking or steaming hay. Horses also consumed less soaked hay (DMB) than dry or steamed hay (P < 0.05) and spent less time eating soaked hay than dry or steamed hay (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Effect of Varying Molecular Weight of Oat β-Glucan Taken just before Eating on Postprandial Glycemic Response in Healthy Humans

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Thomas M. S. Wolever ◽  
Outi Mattila ◽  
Natalia Rosa-Sibakov ◽  
Susan M. Tosh ◽  
Alexandra L. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Post Hoc

To see if the molecular weight (MW) and viscosity of oat β-glucan (OBG) when taken before eating determine its effect on postprandial glycemic responses (PPRG), healthy overnight-fasted subjects (n = 16) were studied on eight separate occasions. Subjects consumed 200 mL water alone (Control) or with 4 g OBG varying in MW and viscosity followed, 2–3 min later, by 113 g white-bread. Blood was taken fasting and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after starting to eat. None of the OBG treatments differed significantly from the Control for the a-priori primary endpoint of glucose peak-rise or secondary endpoint of incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC) over 0–120 min. However, significant differences from the Control were seen for glucose iAUC over 0–45 min and time to peak (TTP) glucose. Lower log(MW) and log(viscosity) were associated with higher iAUC 0–45 (p < 0.001) and shorter TTP (p < 0.001). We conclude that when 4 g OBG is taken as a preload, reducing MW does not affect glucose peak rise or iAUC0-120, but rather accelerates the rise in blood glucose and reduces the time it takes glucose to reach the peak. However, this is based on post-hoc calculation of iAUC0-45 and TTP and needs to be confirmed in a subsequent study.

scholarly journals The Acute Impact of Ingestion of Sourdough and Whole-Grain Breads on Blood Glucose, Insulin, and Incretins in Overweight and Obese Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mofidi ◽  
Zachary M. Ferraro ◽  
Katherine A. Stewart ◽  
Hilary M. F. Tulk ◽  
Lindsay E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

Consumption of whole-grain and sourdough breads is associated with improved glucose homeostasis. We examined the impact of commercial breads on biomarkers of glucose homeostasis in subjects at risk for glucose intolerance. In a randomized, crossover study, overweight or obese males ingested 11-grain, sprouted-grain, 12-grain, sourdough, or white bread on different occasions, matched for available carbohydrate (50 g) in part 1 (n=12) and bread mass (107 g) in part 2 (n=11), and blood glucose, insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were determined for 3 h. In part 1, glucose response for sprouted-grain was lower than 11-grain, sourdough, and white breads. Insulin area under the curve (AUC) for sourdough and white was lower than 11-grain and sprouted-grain breads. GLP-1 response to sourdough was lower than all breads. In part 2, glucose and insulin AUC for sourdough was greater than 11-grain, sprouted-grain, and 12-grain breads. Sprouted-grain bread improved glycemia by lowering glucose response and increasing GLP-1 response. In overweight and obese men, the glycemic response to sprouted grain bread was reduced in both parts 1 and 2 while the other whole-grain test breads did not improve metabolic responses in the acute postprandial state.

scholarly journals Glycemic response in nonracing sled dogs fed single starch ingredients and commercial extruded dog foods with different carbohydrate sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Rankovic ◽  
Jennifer L Adolphe ◽  
D Dan Ramdath ◽  
Anna K Shoveller ◽  
Adronie Verbrugghe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Green Lentils

Abstract This study adapted the established glycemic index (GI) methodology used in human research to perform two studies in sled dogs in order to assess the blood glucose-raising potential of pulse-based dog foods. The first was a pilot study (n = 6 dogs) to determine the GI of single starch sources (white bread, cooked white rice, and cooked green lentils) using a glucose solution as control. Next, the effect on glycemic and insulinemic meal responses and GI of commercial extruded dog foods containing different categories of starch sources (traditional grain, whole grain, grain-free, and vegan) were investigated on 11 dogs using a glucose control. Results were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Consumption of 10 g of available carbohydrate (Av CHO) was insufficient to elicit a measurable response in blood glucose for GI determination, and as such, the amount was increased to 25 g for the second study. The GI (±SE) of the single starch sources and dog foods was: white bread: 47 ± 11, cooked white rice: 71 ± 14, cooked green lentils: 60 ± 20 (P = 0.569), traditional grain: 83 ± 17, whole grain: 56 ± 8, grain-free: 41 ± 6, and vegan: 65 ± 15 (P = 0.154). No statistical differences in glycemic response over time were observed between the single starch sources or the extruded diets tested (P = 0.1412; P = 0.2651). The insulinemic response elicited by the extruded diets was also not different (P = 0.079); however, the traditional grain diet did have the slowest time to peak for insulin (P = 0.0078). Among single starch sources and extruded dog foods, there were no differences in the glycemic indices measured in this study. The GI methodology has not been validated for use in canine species, and it is likely that our results were due to higher interindividual variation or inadequate study power. Regardless, this study will serve to better define future studies to investigate the potential physiological benefits of low GI foods for dogs.

Food Services Menu Engineering: Preference, Acceptability, and Popularity Index of Local Food Package Menus to Control the Glycemic Responses of T2DM Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119-1129
Author(s):  
Nurul Hakimah ◽  
Nur Rahman ◽  
Sucipto Sucipto ◽  
Wignyanto Wignyanto ◽  
Aulanni'am Aulanni'am
Keyword(s):  
Local Food ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Engineering Data ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Post Test

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the menu engineering data: preferences, acceptances, and popularity indexes of local food package menus with low to moderate glycemic index and how these variables affect the glycemic response of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study was a one group pre and post-test experimental study with 21 T2DM participants. A total of 1,764 menu engineering data were obtained during the two-week study period. Fifteen food service survey questions were distributed and anthropometric and glycemic responses were measured. Results: The popularity indexes of the main and snack package menus were significantly different (p=0,000). There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in Δ RBG levels by 59.6±115.8 mg/ dL (26.7%) and Δ % albumin glycated by 1.5±1.0 (6.1%) (p = 0.000) on 38% subjects with good glycemic control who consumed less food outside the study (12.5%). Price, type of food, type of foodstuff, nutrient content, portion size, food appearance, food texture, GI values, food menu name, and menu conformity to the environment were important considerations in the menu preference and popularity. Conclusion: This study showed that the local food package menu can control the glycemic response of T2DM participants while having a high popularity index. This finding provides an opportunity for the foodservice industry to operate sustainably by considering the factors desired by consumers with T2DM in controlling their long-term glycemic response.

scholarly journals Acacia Gum Is Well Tolerated While Increasing Satiety and Lowering Peak Blood Glucose Response in Healthy Human Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Riley Larson ◽  
Courtney Nelson ◽  
Renee Korczak ◽  
Holly Willis ◽  
Jennifer Erickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Blood Glucose Response ◽  
Acacia Gum ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects

Acacia gum (AG) is a non-viscous soluble fiber that is easily incorporated into beverages and foods. To determine its physiological effects in healthy human subjects, we fed 0, 20, and 40 g of acacia gum in orange juice along with a bagel and cream cheese after a 12 h fast and compared satiety, glycemic response, gastrointestinal tolerance, and food intake among treatments. Subjects (n = 48) reported less hunger and greater fullness at 15 min (p = 0.019 and 0.003, respectively) and 240 min (p = 0.036 and 0.05, respectively) after breakfast with the 40 g fiber treatment. They also reported being more satisfied at 15 min (p = 0.011) and less hungry with the 40 g fiber treatment at 30 min (p = 0.012). Subjects reported more bloating, flatulence, and GI rumbling on the 40 g fiber treatment compared to control, although values for GI tolerance were all low with AG treatment. No significant differences were found in area under the curve (AUC) or change from baseline for blood glucose response, although actual blood glucose with 20 g fiber at 30 min was significantly less than control. Individuals varied greatly in their postprandial glucose response to all treatments. AG improves satiety response and may lower peak glucose response at certain timepoints, and it is well tolerated in healthy human subjects. AG can be added to beverages and foods in doses that can help meet fiber recommendations.

scholarly journals Characterization of the thrombin generation profile in systemic lupus erythematosus

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kern ◽  
E Barabás ◽  
A Balog ◽  
Sz Burcsár ◽  
M Kiszelák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Cat Assay ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Healthy Control

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder. Thrombotic events occur at a higher incidence among SLE patients. The investigation of thrombin generation (TG) with calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) test as a global hemostasis assay is applicable for the overall functional assessment of the hemostasis. The aim of this study was to characterize the hemostatic alterations observed in SLE by CAT assay. In this study, CAT parameters and basic coagulation parameters of SLE patients (n = 22) and healthy control subjects (n = 34) were compared. CAT area under the curve (i.e., endogenous thrombin potential) was lower than normal in SLE (807 vs. 1,159 nM*min, respectively), whereas other CAT parameters (peak, lag time, time to peak, and velocity index) and the basic coagulation tests were within the normal range. The presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies and the applied therapy was not associated with hemostasis parameters in SLE. We concluded that the reported high risk of thrombosis is not related to TG potential.

Abstract 3775: Average Blood Glucose and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kosiborod ◽  
Silvio Inzucchi ◽  
Harlan M Krumholz ◽  
Lan Xiao ◽  
Phillip G Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Average Blood Glucose ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multivariable Adjustment ◽  
Better Than

Background: Elevated blood glucose (BG) on admission is associated with higher mortality risk in patients (pts) hospitalized with AMI. However, the prognostic value of average BG, which reflects overall glycemic exposure much better than admission BG, is unknown. Furthermore, the nature of the relationship between average BG and mortality has not been determined. Methods: We evaluated a cohort of 16,871 AMI pts hospitalized from January 2000-December 2005, using Cerner Corporation’s Health Facts® database from 40 hospitals, which contains demographics, clinical and comprehensive laboratory data. Logistic regression models evaluated the nature of the relationship between mean BG during the entire AMI hospitalization and in-hospital mortality, after adjusting for multiple patient factors and confounders. Similar analyses were performed in subgroups of pts with and without diabetes (DM). Results: A J-shaped relationship was observed between mean BG and in-hospital mortality, which persisted after multivariable adjustment (Figure ). Mortality increased with each 10 mg/dL incremental rise in mean BG over >120 mg/dL, and with incremental decline in mean BG <80 mg/dL. The slope of these relationships was much steeper in pts without DM. Conclusions: Average BG during the entire AMI hospitalization is a powerful independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. Both persistent hyper- and hypoglycemia are associated with adverse prognosis. Whether strategies directed at optimizing BG control will improve survival remains to be established. Association Between Mean BG and In-Hospital Mortality After Multivariable Adjustment (Reference: Mean BG 100 to <110)

HYPERGLYCEMIAAS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ROP): A COHORT STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Kali Shankar Das ◽  
Athokpam Poireiton ◽  
Niladri Sekhar Mandal ◽  
Samim Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Average Blood Glucose

OBJECTIVE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a severe morbidity that can lead to blindness in premature babies. Neonatal hyperglycemia has been related to the growth of ROP in a variety of studies. However, there aren't many observational trials to show whether hyperglycemia is linked to ROP in the absence of other comorbidities. The aim of this research was to see if hyperglycemia in premature babies is linked to ROP in a different way. STUDY DESIGN: Premature infants (<1500 g or⩽ 32 weeks gestational age) were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal cohort study. All demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Bedside whole-blood glucose concentration was measured every 8 hours daily for rst 7 , days of live. For any glucose reading <50 or>150 mg dl 1 serum sample was sent to the laboratory for conrmation. Hyperglycemia was dened as any blood glucose level⩾ 150 mg dl − 1. ROP patients were compared with non-ROP patients in a bivariate analysis. Variables signicantly associated with ROP were studied in a logistic regression model. RESULT:Atotal of 100 patients were enrolled with gestational age <32weeks and birth weight <1500g. Forty-eight patients (48%) were identied with hyperglycemia. On eye examination, 30 cases (30%) had ROP (19 with stage 1, 10 with stage 2 and 1 with stage 3). There were more cases of ROPin the hyperglycemia group compared with the euglycemia group (45.83% vs 15.38%, P = 0.007). Patients who developed ROP had signicantly higher maximum and average glucose concentrations when compared with non-ROP patients. Multiple factors have been associated with ROP on bivariate analysis, including gestational age, exposure to oxygen, respiratory support and poor weight gain. However, in a logistic regression model including all signicant variables, average blood glucose in the rst week of life was the factor independently associated with ROPwith an odds ratio of: 1.77 (95% condence interval: 1.08 to 2.86), P= 0.024 CONCLUSION: In a prospective cohort study of premature infants, elevated average blood glucose concentrations in the rst week of life is an independent risk factor associated with the development of ROP.

Role of Digital Engagement in Diabetes Care Beyond Measurement: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifat Fundoiano-Hershcovitz ◽  
Abigail Hirsch ◽  
Sharon Dar ◽  
Eitan Feniger ◽  
Pavel Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Diabetes Outcomes ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Average Blood Glucose ◽  
Tagging Behavior ◽  
Digital Engagement

BACKGROUND The use of remote data capture for monitoring blood glucose and supporting digital apps is becoming the norm in diabetes care. One common goal of such apps is to increase user awareness and engagement with their day-to-day health-related behaviors (digital engagement) in order to improve diabetes outcomes. However, we lack a deep understanding of the complicated association between digital engagement and diabetes outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between digital engagement (operationalized as tagging of behaviors alongside glucose measurements) and the monthly average blood glucose level in persons with type 2 diabetes during the first year of managing their diabetes with a digital chronic disease management platform. We hypothesize that during the first 6 months, blood glucose levels will drop faster and further in patients with increased digital engagement and that difference in outcomes will persist for the remainder of the year. Finally, we hypothesize that disaggregated between- and within-person variabilities in digital engagement will predict individual-level changes in blood glucose levels. METHODS This retrospective real-world analysis followed 998 people with type 2 diabetes who regularly tracked their blood glucose levels with the Dario digital therapeutics platform for chronic diseases. Subjects included “nontaggers” (users who rarely or never used app features to notice and track mealtime, food, exercise, mood, and location, n=585) and “taggers” (users who used these features, n=413) representing increased digital engagement. Within- and between-person variabilities in tagging behavior were disaggregated to reveal the association between tagging behavior and blood glucose levels. The associations between an individual’s tagging behavior in a given month and the monthly average blood glucose level in the following month were analyzed for quasicausal effects. A generalized mixed piecewise statistical framework was applied throughout. RESULTS Analysis revealed significant improvement in the monthly average blood glucose level during the first 6 months (<i>t</i>=−10.01, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), which was maintained during the following 6 months (<i>t</i>=−1.54, <i>P</i>=.12). Moreover, taggers demonstrated a significantly steeper improvement in the initial period relative to nontaggers (<i>t</i>=2.15, <i>P</i>=.03). Additional findings included a within-user quasicausal nonlinear link between tagging behavior and glucose control improvement with a 1-month lag. More specifically, increased tagging behavior in any given month resulted in a 43% improvement in glucose levels in the next month up to a person-specific average in tagging intensity (<i>t</i>=−11.02, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Above that within-person mean level of digital engagement, glucose levels remained stable but did not show additional improvement with increased tagging (<i>t</i>=0.82, <i>P</i>=.41). When assessed alongside within-person effects, between-person changes in tagging behavior were not associated with changes in monthly average glucose levels (<i>t</i>=1.30, <i>P</i>=.20). CONCLUSIONS This study sheds light on the source of the association between user engagement with a diabetes tracking app and the clinical condition, highlighting the importance of within-person changes versus between-person differences. Our findings underscore the need for and provide a basis for a personalized approach to digital health.

Effect of Segment Length and Number of Osteotomy Sites on Cancellous Bone Perfusion in Free Fibula Flaps

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Ritschl ◽  
Rali Georg ◽  
Andreas Kolk ◽  
Marco Kesting ◽  
Klaus-Dietrich Wolff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Perfusion Index ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Mandible Reconstruction ◽  
Distal Fibula ◽  
Fibula Graft ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
Free Fibula

Background Indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography is routinely used to evaluate skin and organ perfusion and to assess patency rates of microvascular anastomoses. This study uses ICG angiography as a novel approach to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate bone perfusion of microvascular fibula grafts intraoperatively and to assess the effect of fibula segment length and number of osteotomies on bone perfusion. Methods All patients planned for mandible reconstruction using a microvascular fibula graft between January 2013 and May 2017 were considered for this study. ICG videoangiography of cancellous bone perfusion was performed using a handheld ICG camera. Videos were analyzed, and a perfusion curve was generated. Peak enhancement, time to peak, slope, and wash-in area under the curve were extracted; rise time, wash-in rate (WiR), and wash-in perfusion index were calculated. Results were statistically analyzed with regard to distal fibula segment length and number of osteotomy sites. Results Thirty-nine patients (age 59 ± 8 years) were included in the study. Mandible reconstruction was achieved with 1 (n = 15), 2 (n = 13), or 3 (n = 11) fibula segments. The WiR was 6.4 ± 2.3 and 4.4 ± 0.2 before and after proximal osteotomy, respectively. The wash-in perfusion index was 114.2 ± 48.4 before and 84.4 ± 20.0 after proximal osteotomy. Bone perfusion was significantly reduced after additional proximal osteotomies. Both the segment length and number of proximal osteotomies correlated with bone perfusion, with longer segments and fewer osteotomies showing higher perfusion. Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility of cancellous bone perfusion analysis using ICG and can serve as a basis for future bone perfusion studies. Additional osteotomies and short segment length negatively affects cancellous bone perfusion of the distal fibula segment in free fibula flaps. The extent to which the observed decrease in arterial inflow to the distal fibula segment affects the further course of healing needs to be addressed in future studies.

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