367 Combinational use of sodium butyrate and phytogenics on intestinal health of nursery pigs

Abstract The effects of encapsulated sodium butyrate (SB), phytogenics (PH), or a combination were studied on intestinal health of nursery pigs. Phytogenics were blends of dry herbs and essential oil components. Forty-eight weaned pigs (21-d-old; 6.9 ± 0.6 kg BW) were individually housed, blocked by initial BW and sex, allotted to 4 dietary treatments (n = 12) in a RCBD, and fed for 33-d (P1: 0–7; P2: 7–19; and P3: 19–33). Treatments were arranged by 2 factors: SB (P1: 0.2% and P2: 0.1%) and PH (P3: 0.033%). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient requirements and pigs were fed ad libitum. For each phase, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were measured. Fecal scores were assessed during d 3–19 and d 26–33. Blood samples were drawn in P2 and P3 to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Four pigs at P2 and 8 pigs in P3 from each treatment were euthanized to collect jejunal tissue, jejunal mucosa, and ileal digesta to measure gut histology, TNF-α, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Fixed effects were treatments and random effects were blocks. In P2 and P1-2, SB decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI whereas no effect on ADG and G:F. In P2, SB tended to decrease (P = 0.063) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) whereas increased (P < 0.05) enterocyte proliferation in P3. In P3 and overall, PH increased (P < 0.05) G:F. No changes were found in TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, MDA, IgG, and protein carbonyl. Conclusively, SB and a combinational use of SB and PH showed minimal effects on growth performance and gut health when added to the diets of nursery pigs. However, PH supplementation increased feed efficiency of nursery pigs during 19–33 d post-weaning.

Download Full-text

93 Effects of a Functional Oils Blend on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 47-47

Author(s):

Vitor Hugo C Moita ◽

Marcos Elias Duarte ◽

Sung Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Oxidative Damages ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Oil Blend

Abstract This study was to investigate the role of castor oil and cashew nutshell liquid (functional oil blend, FOB) on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs and to determine an optimal supplemental level. Newly weaned pigs (20 barrows and 20 gilts at 25 d of age, 7.02 ± 0.58 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 5 treatments in a RCBD and fed in 2 phases (13 and 21 d respectively) with increasing levels (0, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100, and 0.150%) of FOB. Growth performance was measured by each phase. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to phase 2 diets as an indigestible marker to measure AID. On d 34, all pigs were euthanized to collect jejunum to measure immune status, oxidative stress status, microbiota, morphology, and crypt cell proliferation. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. Supplementation of FOB did not affect the overall growth performance. Supplementation of FOB tended to decrease (P = 0.064) the concentration of jejunal protein carbonyl (3.11 to 2.45 nmol/protein) and tended to increase villus height (P = 0.098, 401 to 453 μm) and crypt depth (P = 0.070, 86 to 99 μm). Increasing FOB reduced (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Helicobacteraceae (46.8 to 21.0%) and increased (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Prevotellaceae (7.9 to 13.1%), Burkholderiaceae (6.3 to 10.8%) and Pseudomonadaceae (0.1 to 1.0%), and increased (P < 0.05) alpha diversity of the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota at the family level (Chao1 index 42.8 to 56.8%). In conclusion, FOB showed potential benefits on intestinal health of nursery pigs by increasing beneficial and reducing harmful bacteria reducing oxidative damages in the jejunal mucosa, and by enhancing villus structure, whereas without affecting the growth performance. The FOB at a range of 0.050% to 0.150% provided the most benefit for nursery pigs.

Download Full-text

Nutritional and functional values of lysed Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass for intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Chi Cheng ◽

Marcos Elias Duarte ◽

Sung Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Blood Plasma ◽

Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Enterocyte Proliferation

Abstract The objective was to determine the nutritional and functional values of lysed Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass (CGCM) as a protein supplement and a source of cell wall fragments supporting the growth and intestinal health of nursery pigs. Thirty-two pigs (21 d of age) were allotted to four treatments (n = 8) based on the randomized block design with sex and initial body weight (BW) as blocks. The main effect was the dietary supplementation of lysed CGCM (0, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1%) replacing blood plasma and fed in two phases (10 and 11 d, respectively). Feed intake and BW were measured at the end of each phase. Pigs were euthanized on day 21 to collect jejunal tissue and mucosa to evaluate intestinal health. Ileal digesta were collected to measure the apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients in diets. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed and Reg of SAS. Increasing daily intake of CGCM increased (linear; P < 0.05) ADG of pigs. Increasing CGCM supplementation affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae (minimum: 26.4% at 1.2% CGCM), Helicobacteraceae (maximum: 29.3% at 1.2% CGCM), and Campylobacteraceae (maximum: 9.0% at 1.0% CGCM). Increasing CGCM supplementation affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) the concentrations of immunoglobulin G (maximum: 4.94 µg/mg of protein at 1.0% CGCM) and protein carbonyl (PC; maximum: 6.12 nmol/mg of protein at 1.1% CGCM), whereas linearly decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) in the proximal jejunal mucosa. Increasing CGCM supplemention affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) intestinal enterocyte proliferation rate (maximum: 13.3% at 1.0% CGCM), whereas it did not affect intestinal morphology and the nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, supplementing 1.0% to 1.2%, reducing blood plasma supplementation by 0.7% to 0.9%, respectively, increased potential pathogenic microbiota associated in the jejunal mucosa resulting in increased immune response, enterocyte proliferation, and PC concentration. However, supplementing diets with 2.1% CGCM, replacing 1.5% blood plasma, improved growth performance, and reduced MDA without affecting nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and microbiota in the jejunal mucosa. In this study, based on the polynomial contrast, supplementing 1.0% to 1.2% CGCM suppressed the benefits from blood plasma, whereas supplementing 2.1% CGCM showed functional benefits of CGCM with similar effects from blood plasma supplementation.

Download Full-text

Supplemental Effects of Functional Oils on the Modulation of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota, Intestinal Health, and Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1591

Author(s):

Vitor Hugo C. Moita ◽

Marcos Elias Duarte ◽

Suelen Nunes da Silva ◽

Sung Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Functional Oils

This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional oils on modulation of mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs. Forty newly weaned pigs (20 barrows and 20 gilts) with 7.0 ± 0.5 kg body weight (BW) were housed individually and randomly allotted in a randomized complete block design with sex and initial BW as blocks. The dietary treatments were a basal diet with increasing levels (0.00, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.50 g/kg feed) of functional oils (a blend of castor oil and cashew nutshell liquid; Oligo Basics USA LLC, Cary, NC) fed to pigs for 34 days divided in two phases (P1 for 13 days and P2 for 21 days). Growth performance was analyzed weekly. On day 34, all pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa for analyzing the mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal health, and ileal digesta for analyzing apparent ileal digestibility. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Supplementation of functional oils did not affect the overall growth performance. Increasing supplementation of functional oils reduced (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Helicobacteraceae, whereas it increased (p < 0.05) Lactobacillus kitasatonis. Supplementation of functional oils tended (p = 0.064) to decrease protein carbonyl and increase the villus height (p = 0.098) and crypt depth (p = 0.070). In conclusion, supplementation of functional oils enhanced intestinal health of nursery pigs by increasing beneficial and reducing harmful bacteria, potentially reducing oxidative stress and enhancing intestinal morphology, without affecting overall growth performance of pigs. Supplementation of functional oils at 0.75–1.50 g/kg feed was the most beneficial to the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota and intestinal integrity of nursery pigs.

Download Full-text

Modulation of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in relation to intestinal health and nutrient digestibility in pigs by supplementation of β-glucanase to corn soybean meal-based diets with xylanase

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab190 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcos Elias Duarte ◽

Chris Sparks ◽

Sung Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

The Status

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of β-glucanase on modulation of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in relation to nutrient digestibility and intestinal health of pigs fed diets with 30% corn DDGS and xylanase. Forty pigs at 12.4 ± 0.5 kg BW were allotted in a RCBD with initial BW and sex as blocks. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet with xylanase (1,500 EPU/kg) and increasing levels of β-glucanase (0, 200, 400, and 600 U/kg) meeting nutrient requirements and fed to pigs for 21 d. Blood samples were collected at d 19. At d 21, all pigs were euthanized to collect intestinal tissues and digesta. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), IL-6, and MDA were measured in plasma and mid-jejunal mucosa. Viscosity was determined using digesta from the distal jejunum. Ileal and rectal digesta were evaluated to determine AID and ATTD of nutrients. Mucosa samples from the mid-jejunum were utilized for microbiota sequencing. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure on SAS 9.4. Overall, increasing dietary β-glucanase tended to increase (Linear; P = 0.077) the ADG of pigs. Increasing dietary β-glucanase affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, reduced (linear; P < 0.05) Helicobacter rappini, whereas increased (Linear, P < 0.05) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. β-glucanase supplementation (0 vs. others) tended to increase (P = 0.096) the AID of CP in the diet, whereas increasing dietary β-glucanase tended to increase (Linear; P = 0.097) the ATTD of GE in the diet and increased (Linear; P < 0.05) the concentration of IL-6 in the plasma of pigs. In conclusion, increasing β-glucanase up to 600 U/kg feed in a diet containing xylanase (1,500 EPU/kg) modulated mucosa-associated microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing potentially harmful bacteria. Furthermore, increasing β-glucanase up to 600 U/kg feed in a diet containing xylanase (1,500 EPU/kg feed) enhanced the status of intestinal environment and nutrient utilization, as well as reduced systemic inflammation of pigs, collectively resulting in moderate improvement of growth performance. Supplementing β-glucanase at a range of 312 to 410 U/kg with xylanase at 1,500 EPU/kg feed showed the most benefit on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota and reduced systemic inflammation of pigs.

Download Full-text

Role of milk carbohydrates in intestinal health of nursery pigs: a review

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s40104-021-00650-7 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ki Beom Jang ◽

Sung Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Feeding Strategy ◽

Intestinal Immunity ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Enterocyte Proliferation ◽

Weaning Age ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

And Function

AbstractIntestinal health is essential for the resistance to enteric diseases and for nutrient digestion and absorption to support growth. The intestine of nursery pigs are immature and vulnerable to external challenges, which cause negative impacts on the structure and function of the intestine. Among nutritional interventions, the benefits of milk are significant for the intestinal health of pigs. Milk coproducts have traditionally been used in starter feeds to improve the growth of nursery pigs, but their use is somewhat limited due to the high costs and potential risks of excessive lactose on the intestine. Thus, understanding a proper feeding level of milk carbohydrates is an important start of the feeding strategy. For nursery pigs, lactose is considered a highly digestible energy source compared with plant-based starch, whereas milk oligosaccharides are considered bioactive compounds modulating intestinal immunity and microbiota. Therefore, milk carbohydrates, mainly composed of lactose and oligosaccharides, have essential roles in the intestinal development and functions of nursery pigs. The proper feeding levels of lactose in starter feeds could be variable by weaning age, body weight, or genetic lines. Effects of lactose and milk oligosaccharides have been broadly studied in human health and animal production. Therefore, this review focuses on the mechanisms of lactose and milk oligosaccharides affecting intestinal maturation and functions through modulation of enterocyte proliferation, intestinal immunity, and intestinal microbiota of nursery pigs.

Download Full-text

Sodium Butyrate Induces Human Colon Carcinoma HT-29 Cell Apoptosis through a Mitochondrial Pathway

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/147323000903700323 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 803-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

L Wang ◽

H-S Luo ◽

H Xia

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Sodium Butyrate ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

Human Colon ◽

Caspase 9 ◽

Human Colon Cancer ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Ht 29

Some tumours respond favourably to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Despite this preferential sensitivity, resistance to TNF-α remains a clinical problem and more interest is now being focused on finding compounds that induce apoptosis through other pathways. Sodium butyrate (NaBt) has anti-tumour effects on colon cancer cells, inhibiting cell growth and promoting differentiation and apoptosis. In this study we investigated whether NaBt induced apoptosis in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29 and examined the intracellular mechanisms involved. Pre-incubation of cells with NaBt significantly increased apoptosis as measured by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. This effect could be blocked with the caspase inhibitors, z-VAD-fmk (pan-caspase inhibitor), z-DEVD-fmk (caspase-3 inhibitor) and z-LEHD-fmk (caspase-9 inhibitor), but not with z-IETD-fmk (caspase-8 inhibitor). Enhancement of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities suggests that NaBt induces apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways not involving TNF-α.

Download Full-text

PSVII-2 Effects of xylanase and its optimal supplementation level on viscosity of jejunal digesta, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.733 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 407-408

Author(s):

Vitor Hugo C Moita ◽

Sung Woo Kim ◽

Marcos E Duarte

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Oxidative Stress Status ◽

Digesta Viscosity

Abstract This study aimed to determine supplemental effects of xylanase (endo-β-1,4-xylanase, CJ BIO, Korea) and its optimal supplementation level on viscosity of jejunal digesta, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and growth performance of pigs. Sixty weaned pigs (6.9 ± 0.8 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 5 treatments based on a RCBD with initial BW and sex as block and fed in 3 phases (P1/2/3 for 10/14/14 d, respectively). Dietary treatment were the supplementation levels of xylanase providing (0, 220, 440, 880, and 1,760 XU/kg feed). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to P3 diets as an indigestible marker to measure AID. On d 38, all pigs were euthanized to collect ileal and jejunal digesta to measure AID and viscosity, respectively; jejunal mucosa and tissue to measure intestinal health parameters. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Xylanase supplementation from 0 to 350 XU/kg increased (P < 0.05) ADG (596 to 746 g/d) during the last week, whereas there was no effect by xylanase on the overall growth performance. Increasing xylanase supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) digesta viscosity (1.91 to 1.48 mPa.s); increased (P < 0.05) the AID of EE (83.9 to 89.5%), NDF (52.9 to 56.9%) and ADF (35.3 to 39.3%); tended to reduce Cupriavidus (P = 0.073; 1.33 to 0.63%) and Megasphaera (P = 0.063; 1.26 to 0.23%); and tended to increase Succinivibrio (P = 0.076; 1.10 to 2.71%) and Pseudomonas (P = 0.060; 4.89 to 13.29%). Xylanase supplementation from 0 to 520 XU/kg reduced (P < 0.05) jejunal MDA (0.99 to 0.58 µmol/mg protein). In conclusion, xylanase supplementation showed benefits on intestinal health by reducing digesta viscosity, oxidative stress status, and harmful bacteria in the jejunal mucosa and by increasing the AID of nutrients. Xylanase supplementation at a range of 350 to 520 XU/kg feed provided the most benefits.

Download Full-text

Replacing dietary antibiotics with 0.20% l-glutamine and synbiotics following weaning and transport in pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa272 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Betty R McConn ◽

Alan W Duttlinger ◽

Kouassi R Kpodo ◽

Susan D Eicher ◽

Brian T Richert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Cell Count ◽

Goblet Cell ◽

Negative Control ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Study Objective ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Dietary antibiotic use has been limited in swine production due to concerns regarding antibiotic resistance. However, this may negatively impact the health, productivity, and welfare of pigs. Therefore, the study objective was to determine if combining dietary synbiotics and 0.20% l-glutamine would improve pig growth performance and intestinal health following weaning and transport when compared with traditionally used dietary antibiotics. Because previous research indicates that l-glutamine improves swine growth performance and synbiotics reduce enterogenic bacteria, it was hypothesized that supplementing diets with 0.20% l-glutamine (GLN) and synbiotics (SYN; 3 strains of Lactobacillus [1.2 × 10^9 cfu/g of strain/pig/d] + β-glucan [0.01 g/pig/d] + fructooligosaccharide [0.01 g/pig/d]) would have an additive effect and improve pig performance and intestinal health over that of dietary antibiotics. Mixed-sex pigs (N = 226; 5.86 ± 0.11 kg body weight [BW]) were weaned (19.4 ± 0.2 d of age) and transported for 12 h in central Indiana. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted to one of two dietary treatments (5 to 6 pigs per pen): antibiotics (positive control [PC]; chlortetracycline [441 ppm] + tiamulin [38.5 ppm]), no antibiotics (negative control [NC]), GLN, SYN, or the NC diet with both the GLN and SYN additives (GLN + SYN) fed for 14 d. From day 14 post-weaning to the end of the grow-finish period, all pigs were provided common antibiotic-free diets. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX and PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. Overall, haptoglobin was greater (P = 0.03; 216%) in NC pigs compared with PC pigs. On day 13, GLN and PC pigs tended to have reduced (P = 0.07; 75.2% and 67.3%, respectively) haptoglobin compared with NC pigs. On day 34, the jejunal goblet cell count per villi and per millimeter tended to be greater (P < 0.08; 71.4% and 62.9%, respectively) in SYN pigs compared with all other dietary treatments. Overall, jejunal mucosa tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) gene expression tended to be greater (P = 0.09; 40.0%) in NC pigs compared with PC pigs on day 34. On day 34, jejunal mucosa TNFα gene expression tended to be greater (P = 0.09; 33.3%, 41.2%, and 60.0%, respectively) in GLN pigs compared with SYN, GLN + SYN, and PC pigs. Although it was determined that some metrics of pig health were improved by the addition of GLN and SYN (i.e., haptoglobin and goblet cell count), overall, there were very few differences detected between dietary treatments and this may be related to the stress load incurred by the pigs.

Download Full-text

137 Effects of dietary supplementation with xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 115-115

Author(s):

M E Duarte ◽

J Tyus ◽

S W Kim

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Bacterial Abundance ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Gut Health ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Oxidative Stress Status ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract This study was to evaluate the supplemental effects of xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs. One hundred and forty-four pigs at 3 weeks of age with an initial body weight (BW) at 6.47 ± 0.03 kg were allotted (4 pigs per pen) to 3 dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design with sex (gilts and barrow) and initial BW as blocks. The treatments were CON (no supplement), XYL (xylanase at 10,000 XU/kg, Xylamax, BRI, Durham, NC), and PRO (Bacillus spp. 6 x 109 CFU/kg plus xylanase 10,000 XU/kg, EnzaPro, BRI). All diets met the NRC (2012) requirements in 3 phases (P1 for 7 d, P2 for 14 d, and P3 for 14 d). The ADG, ADFI, and G/F were measured weekly. On d 21, 1 pig representing a median BW of each pen was euthanized to collect jejunal samples to measure the immune and oxidative stress status, microbiome, and histology. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Treatment was a fixed effect and blocks were random effects. There were no fixed effects among treatments on growth performance, immune and oxidative stress status, and histology. Use of xylanase increased (P < 0.05) the Chao1 index in jejunal mucosa of pigs (24.6 to 29.5). Relative abundance of the Enterobacteriaceae in jejunal mucosa tended to decrease (P = 0.083) with the use of xylanase (16.2 to 1.6%). The PRO increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Mitsuokella compared with others treatments (0.9 vs. 4.8%). In conclusion, supplementation of xylanase or Mitsuokella can enhance the microbiome in jejunal mucosa by increasing the diversity and beneficial bacterial abundance, whereas by reducing pathogenic bacterial abundance without affecting the growth performance, histology, immune, and oxidative stress status.

Download Full-text

175 Effects of dietary supplementation with xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli on d 7 post weaned

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 78-78

Author(s):

Marcos E Duarte ◽

James Tyus ◽

Sung Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Gut Health ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

E Coli ◽

Crypt Depth ◽

Fecal Score

Abstract This study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with xylanase and probiotic on growth performance, and gut health of nursery pigs challenged with ETEC. Sixty-four weaned pigs (7.9 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted in a RCBD (2 x 2 factorial). ETEC (0, and ETEC, 6 x 109 CFU/mL) and synbiotic (0, and xylanase 10,000 XU/kg combined with Bacillus sp. 6 x 108 CFU/kg) were the factors. ETEC was orally inoculated on d 7. Growth performance were measured on d 7, 10, 15, and 21. On d 21, 48 pigs were euthanized for sampling to measure gut health parameters. Synbiotic increased (P < 0.05) ADG in P1 (53.5 to 96.0 g). Overall, ETEC reduced (P < 0.05) ADG (387.5 to 322.5 g) and G:F (0.810 to 0.706). ETEC increased (P < 0.05) fecal score from d 7 to 13, whereas synbiotic reduced (P < 0.05) it at d 9 and 11 in challenged pigs. ETEC increased (P < 0.05) MDA (0.259 to 0.818 μmol/mg), IL6 (2.96 to 4.30 pg/mg), ki-67+ (29.1 to 33.9%), and crypt depth (260 to 290 μm), whereas synbiotic tended to reduce TNF-α (1.05 to 0.87 pg/mg), protein carbonyl (3.13 to 2.51 nmol/mg), and IL6 (4.07 to 3.19 pg/mg); reduced (P < 0.05) crypt depth (290 to 260 μm), and ki-67+ (32.7 to 30.3%) and increased (P < 0.05) villus height (368.5 to 421.4 μm). ETEC reduced (P < 0.05) abundance of Veillonellaceae (7.11 to 3.02%), tended to reduce (P = 0.067) Clostridiaceae (1.1 to 0.55%), and Prevotellaceae (38.0 to 27.2%) and tended (P = 0.063) to increase Helicobacteraceae (34.5 to 49.5%). Collectively, ETEC reduced growth performance by affecting the microbiome, oxidative stress, and immune response. Synbiotic improve growth performance by enhancing gut health regardless of the challenge, whereas it reduced fecal score in challenged pigs.

Download Full-text