scholarly journals Modulation of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in relation to intestinal health and nutrient digestibility in pigs by supplementation of β-glucanase to corn soybean meal-based diets with xylanase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Elias Duarte ◽  
Chris Sparks ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
The Status

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of β-glucanase on modulation of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in relation to nutrient digestibility and intestinal health of pigs fed diets with 30% corn DDGS and xylanase. Forty pigs at 12.4 ± 0.5 kg BW were allotted in a RCBD with initial BW and sex as blocks. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet with xylanase (1,500 EPU/kg) and increasing levels of β-glucanase (0, 200, 400, and 600 U/kg) meeting nutrient requirements and fed to pigs for 21 d. Blood samples were collected at d 19. At d 21, all pigs were euthanized to collect intestinal tissues and digesta. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), IL-6, and MDA were measured in plasma and mid-jejunal mucosa. Viscosity was determined using digesta from the distal jejunum. Ileal and rectal digesta were evaluated to determine AID and ATTD of nutrients. Mucosa samples from the mid-jejunum were utilized for microbiota sequencing. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure on SAS 9.4. Overall, increasing dietary β-glucanase tended to increase (Linear; P = 0.077) the ADG of pigs. Increasing dietary β-glucanase affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, reduced (linear; P < 0.05) Helicobacter rappini, whereas increased (Linear, P < 0.05) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. β-glucanase supplementation (0 vs. others) tended to increase (P = 0.096) the AID of CP in the diet, whereas increasing dietary β-glucanase tended to increase (Linear; P = 0.097) the ATTD of GE in the diet and increased (Linear; P < 0.05) the concentration of IL-6 in the plasma of pigs. In conclusion, increasing β-glucanase up to 600 U/kg feed in a diet containing xylanase (1,500 EPU/kg) modulated mucosa-associated microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing potentially harmful bacteria. Furthermore, increasing β-glucanase up to 600 U/kg feed in a diet containing xylanase (1,500 EPU/kg feed) enhanced the status of intestinal environment and nutrient utilization, as well as reduced systemic inflammation of pigs, collectively resulting in moderate improvement of growth performance. Supplementing β-glucanase at a range of 312 to 410 U/kg with xylanase at 1,500 EPU/kg feed showed the most benefit on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota and reduced systemic inflammation of pigs.

scholarly journals 367 Combinational use of sodium butyrate and phytogenics on intestinal health of nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
S Bloomer ◽  
Y C Cheng ◽  
H M Yakout ◽  
S W Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Enterocyte Proliferation ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract The effects of encapsulated sodium butyrate (SB), phytogenics (PH), or a combination were studied on intestinal health of nursery pigs. Phytogenics were blends of dry herbs and essential oil components. Forty-eight weaned pigs (21-d-old; 6.9 ± 0.6 kg BW) were individually housed, blocked by initial BW and sex, allotted to 4 dietary treatments (n = 12) in a RCBD, and fed for 33-d (P1: 0–7; P2: 7–19; and P3: 19–33). Treatments were arranged by 2 factors: SB (P1: 0.2% and P2: 0.1%) and PH (P3: 0.033%). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient requirements and pigs were fed ad libitum. For each phase, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were measured. Fecal scores were assessed during d 3–19 and d 26–33. Blood samples were drawn in P2 and P3 to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Four pigs at P2 and 8 pigs in P3 from each treatment were euthanized to collect jejunal tissue, jejunal mucosa, and ileal digesta to measure gut histology, TNF-α, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Fixed effects were treatments and random effects were blocks. In P2 and P1-2, SB decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI whereas no effect on ADG and G:F. In P2, SB tended to decrease (P = 0.063) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) whereas increased (P < 0.05) enterocyte proliferation in P3. In P3 and overall, PH increased (P < 0.05) G:F. No changes were found in TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, MDA, IgG, and protein carbonyl. Conclusively, SB and a combinational use of SB and PH showed minimal effects on growth performance and gut health when added to the diets of nursery pigs. However, PH supplementation increased feed efficiency of nursery pigs during 19–33 d post-weaning.

scholarly journals Superiority of Microencapsulated Essential Oils Compared With Common Essential Oils and Antibiotics: Effects on the Intestinal Health and Gut Microbiota of Weaning Piglet

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaibin Mo ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Fenfen Liu ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Xianhui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Weaning Piglets

Essential oils (EOs) have long been considered an alternative to antibiotics in the breeding industry. However, they are unstable and often present unpleasant odors, which hampers their application. Microencapsulation can protect the active gradients from oxidation and allow them to diffuse slowly in the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of microencapsulation technology on the biological function of EOs and the possibility of using microencapsulate EOs (MEEOs) as an alternative to antibiotics in weaning piglets. First, we prepared MEEOs and common EOs both containing 2% thymol, 5% carvacrol and 3% cinnamaldehyde (w/w/w). Then, a total of 48 weaning piglets were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments: (1) basal diet; (2) 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline; (3) 100 mg/kg common EOs; (4) 500 mg/kg common EOs; (5) 100 mg/kg MEEOs; and (6) 500 mg/kg MEEO. The trial lasted 28 days. The results showed that piglets in the 100 mg/kg MEEOs group had the lowest diarrhea index during days 15–28 (P < 0.05). In addition, 100 mg/kg MEEOs significantly alleviated intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation (P < 0.05), whereas 500 mg/kg common EOs caused intestinal oxidative stress (P < 0.05) and may lead to intestinal damage through activation of inflammatory cytokine response. MEEOs (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the ratio of the relative abundance of potential pathogenic and beneficial bacteria in the cecum and colon (P < 0.05), thus contributing to the maintenance of intestinal health. On the other hand, chlortetracycline caused an increase in the ratio of the relative abundance of potential pathogenic and beneficial bacteria in the colon (P < 0.05), which could potentially have adverse effects on the intestine. The addition of a high dose of MEEOs may have adverse effects on the intestine and may lead to diarrhea by increasing the level of colonic acetic acid (P < 0.05). Collectively, the results suggest that microencapsulation technology significantly promotes the positive effect of EOs on the intestinal health of weaning piglets and reduces the adverse effect of EOs, and 100 mg/kg MEEOs are recommended as a health promoter in piglets during the weaning period.

PSVII-2 Effects of xylanase and its optimal supplementation level on viscosity of jejunal digesta, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 407-408
Author(s):  
Vitor Hugo C Moita ◽  
Sung Woo Kim ◽  
Marcos E Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

Abstract This study aimed to determine supplemental effects of xylanase (endo-β-1,4-xylanase, CJ BIO, Korea) and its optimal supplementation level on viscosity of jejunal digesta, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and growth performance of pigs. Sixty weaned pigs (6.9 ± 0.8 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 5 treatments based on a RCBD with initial BW and sex as block and fed in 3 phases (P1/2/3 for 10/14/14 d, respectively). Dietary treatment were the supplementation levels of xylanase providing (0, 220, 440, 880, and 1,760 XU/kg feed). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to P3 diets as an indigestible marker to measure AID. On d 38, all pigs were euthanized to collect ileal and jejunal digesta to measure AID and viscosity, respectively; jejunal mucosa and tissue to measure intestinal health parameters. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Xylanase supplementation from 0 to 350 XU/kg increased (P < 0.05) ADG (596 to 746 g/d) during the last week, whereas there was no effect by xylanase on the overall growth performance. Increasing xylanase supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) digesta viscosity (1.91 to 1.48 mPa.s); increased (P < 0.05) the AID of EE (83.9 to 89.5%), NDF (52.9 to 56.9%) and ADF (35.3 to 39.3%); tended to reduce Cupriavidus (P = 0.073; 1.33 to 0.63%) and Megasphaera (P = 0.063; 1.26 to 0.23%); and tended to increase Succinivibrio (P = 0.076; 1.10 to 2.71%) and Pseudomonas (P = 0.060; 4.89 to 13.29%). Xylanase supplementation from 0 to 520 XU/kg reduced (P < 0.05) jejunal MDA (0.99 to 0.58 µmol/mg protein). In conclusion, xylanase supplementation showed benefits on intestinal health by reducing digesta viscosity, oxidative stress status, and harmful bacteria in the jejunal mucosa and by increasing the AID of nutrients. Xylanase supplementation at a range of 350 to 520 XU/kg feed provided the most benefits.

scholarly journals Replacing dietary antibiotics with 0.20% l-glutamine and synbiotics following weaning and transport in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty R McConn ◽  
Alan W Duttlinger ◽  
Kouassi R Kpodo ◽  
Susan D Eicher ◽  
Brian T Richert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Dietary antibiotic use has been limited in swine production due to concerns regarding antibiotic resistance. However, this may negatively impact the health, productivity, and welfare of pigs. Therefore, the study objective was to determine if combining dietary synbiotics and 0.20% l-glutamine would improve pig growth performance and intestinal health following weaning and transport when compared with traditionally used dietary antibiotics. Because previous research indicates that l-glutamine improves swine growth performance and synbiotics reduce enterogenic bacteria, it was hypothesized that supplementing diets with 0.20% l-glutamine (GLN) and synbiotics (SYN; 3 strains of Lactobacillus [1.2 × 10^9 cfu/g of strain/pig/d] + β-glucan [0.01 g/pig/d] + fructooligosaccharide [0.01 g/pig/d]) would have an additive effect and improve pig performance and intestinal health over that of dietary antibiotics. Mixed-sex pigs (N = 226; 5.86 ± 0.11 kg body weight [BW]) were weaned (19.4 ± 0.2 d of age) and transported for 12 h in central Indiana. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted to one of two dietary treatments (5 to 6 pigs per pen): antibiotics (positive control [PC]; chlortetracycline [441 ppm] + tiamulin [38.5 ppm]), no antibiotics (negative control [NC]), GLN, SYN, or the NC diet with both the GLN and SYN additives (GLN + SYN) fed for 14 d. From day 14 post-weaning to the end of the grow-finish period, all pigs were provided common antibiotic-free diets. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX and PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. Overall, haptoglobin was greater (P = 0.03; 216%) in NC pigs compared with PC pigs. On day 13, GLN and PC pigs tended to have reduced (P = 0.07; 75.2% and 67.3%, respectively) haptoglobin compared with NC pigs. On day 34, the jejunal goblet cell count per villi and per millimeter tended to be greater (P < 0.08; 71.4% and 62.9%, respectively) in SYN pigs compared with all other dietary treatments. Overall, jejunal mucosa tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) gene expression tended to be greater (P = 0.09; 40.0%) in NC pigs compared with PC pigs on day 34. On day 34, jejunal mucosa TNFα gene expression tended to be greater (P = 0.09; 33.3%, 41.2%, and 60.0%, respectively) in GLN pigs compared with SYN, GLN + SYN, and PC pigs. Although it was determined that some metrics of pig health were improved by the addition of GLN and SYN (i.e., haptoglobin and goblet cell count), overall, there were very few differences detected between dietary treatments and this may be related to the stress load incurred by the pigs.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of two multispecies direct-fed microbial products on energy status, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, and metabolome of beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibukun M Ogunade ◽  
Megan McCoun ◽  
Modoluwamu D Idowu ◽  
Sunday O Peters
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Fermentation Products

Abstract We examined the effects of two direct-fed microbials (DFM) containing multiple microbial species and their fermentation products on energy status, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, and metabolome of beef steers. Nine ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (mean ± SD body weight: 243 ± 12.4 kg) were assigned to three treatments arranged in a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were 1) control (CON; basal diet), 2) Commence (PROB; basal diet plus 19 g/d of Commence), and 3) RX3 (SYNB; basal diet plus 28 g/d of RX3). Commence and RX3 are both multispecies DFM products. From day 16 to 20 of each period, feed and fecal samples were collected daily to determine the apparent total tract digestibilities of nutrients using indigestible neutral detergent fiber method. On day 21 of each period, blood samples were collected for analysis of plasma glucose and nonesterified fatty acid. Ruminal contents were collected at approximately 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 h after feeding on day 21 for analysis of volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate, ammonia-N concentrations, bacterial community, and metabolome profile. Total tract digestibilities of nutrients did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Compared with CON, steers fed either supplemental PROB or SYNB had greater (P = 0.04) plasma glucose concentrations. Compared with CON, total ruminal VFA, propionate, isovalerate, and valerate concentrations increased (P ≤ 0.05) or tended to increase (P ≤ 0.10) with either supplemental PROB or SYNB, but were not different (P > 0.05) between PROB and SYNB. Compared with CON, PROB reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 but increased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9, Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001, Succiniclasticum, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-002. Supplemental SYNB decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 but increased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 7, Succinivibrio, Succiniclasticum, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014. Compared with CON, metabolome analysis revealed that some amino acids were increased (P ≤ 0.05) in steers fed PROB. This study demonstrated that, compared with CON, supplementation of either PROB or SYNB altered the ruminal bacterial community and metabolome differently; however, their effects on the ruminal VFA profile and energy status of the steers were not different from each other.

scholarly journals Potential Effects of Acidifier and Amylase as Substitutes for Antibiotic on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion and Gut Microbiota in Yellow-Feathered Broilers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Yibing Wang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiajing Lin ◽  
Zhongyong Gou ◽  
Qiuli Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin ◽  
High Level

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of acidifier (benzoic acid, BA), amylase (AL) and their combination as substitutes for antibiotics on growth performance, antioxidation, nutrient digestion and gut microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 1440 twenty-one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to six treatments. Broilers in the control group (CON) were fed a basal diet, whereas birds in the other five groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (zinc bacitracin, AT, 40 mg/kg), BA (2000 mg/kg), low level AL (AL-L, 300 mg/kg), high level AL (AL-H, 500 mg/kg) and the combination of AL-H and BA (BA+AL-H). The experimental animals were killed at the end of the trial (21 day-63 day) then blood samples were collected from two birds per pen. Bird weight, feed intake and survival rate were recorded on pen basis. Growth performance was not significantly influenced by AT, BA, AL-L, AL-H or BA+AL-H. Plasma uric acid (UA) was decreased from CON by all treatments; the activity of AKP in plasma was also lowered by AT, BA, AL-H and BA+AL-H. Plasma activity of LDH was reduced by BA. In the jejunal mucosa, Na+K+-ATP activity was increased by BA, AL-L, AL-H and BA+AL-H. Mucosal activities of T-AOC and CAT were increased with AL-L and AT supplementation, respectively. Additionally, the relative abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the cecal contents was reduced by BA+AL-H and, with the exception of AL-H, all treatments increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. In conclusion, dietary AT, BA, AL-L, AL-H or BA+AL were effective in improving the antioxidant capacity, nutrient digestion and gut microbiota composition. No significant differences were observed in the tested variables between AT and other treatments, indicating that BA, AL and their combination may be alternatives to dietary inclusion of zinc bacitracin. Dietary addition of 500 mg/kg AL and 2000 mg/kg BA was an optimum supplementation dose.

scholarly journals Probiotics and Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharides Improve Growth Performance via Promoting Intestinal Nutrient Utilization and Enhancing Immune Function of Weaned Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2617
Author(s):  
Gaifeng Hou ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
Liangkai Wei ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Xingguo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Achyranthes Bidentata ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and immune function of weaned pigs. One hundred and twenty weaned pigs (about 7 kg BW, 23 ± 2 d) were allotted to five dietary treatments (CON: antibiotics-free basal diet; ANT: CON + antibiotics; PRO: CON + probiotics; ABPS: CON + Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides; P-ABPS: PRO + ABPS) for a 28-day trial. Compared with CON, pigs in ANT, PRO, ABPS, and P-ABPS had greater (p < 0.05) ADG, ATTD of CP and GE, serum ALB, IgA and IL-2, duodenal intraepithelial lymphocyte, ileal VH and jejunal mucosa sIgA, but lower (p < 0.05) fecal scores, serum BUN, and IL-1β. Meanwhile, ANT, PRO, ABPS, and P-ABPS exhibited similar beneficial roles on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, serum parameters, and immune function. Interestingly, P-ABPS effects were similar to those obtained with ANT rather than with PRO or ABPS. In conclusion, Dietary PRO or ABPS used alone or in combination (P-ABPS), the combination augmenting the positive effect more than the independent supplement, could improve piglets’ growth performance via promoting intestinal nutrient digestion and absorption and enhancing immune function, indicating it had the potential to act as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics used in piglet diets.

scholarly journals Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Intestinal Health in Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Junning Pu ◽  
Qinghui Yuan ◽  
Hui Yan ◽  
Gang Tian ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Low Levels

This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to low levels of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and intestinal health in pigs. In a 102-day experiment, fourteen barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire, initial BW = 38.21 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into control (CON, basal diet) and AFB1 groups (the basal diet supplemented with 280 μg/kg AFB1). Results revealed that the AFB1 exposure decreased the final BW, ADFI and ADG in pigs (p < 0.10). AFB1 exposure also decreased the apparent total tract digestibility of dry mater and gross energy at 50 to 75 kg and 105 to 135 kg stages, and decreased the apparent total tract digestibility of ether extract at 75 to 105 kg stage (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, AFB1 exposure increased serum diamine oxidase activity and reduced the mRNA abundance of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1, solute carrier family 7 member 1 and zonula occluden-1 in the jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AFB1 exposure decreased superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05) and increased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine content (p < 0.10) in jejunal mucosa. AFB1 exposure also increased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β mRNA abundance in jejunal mucosa and upregulated Escherichia coli population in colon (p < 0.05). The data indicated that chronic exposure to low levels of dietary AFB1 suppressed growth performance, reduced the apparent total tract digestibility and damaged intestinal barrier integrity in pigs, which could be associated with the decreased intestinal antioxidant capacity and the increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

93 Effects of a Functional Oils Blend on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Vitor Hugo C Moita ◽  
Marcos Elias Duarte ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Oil Blend

Abstract This study was to investigate the role of castor oil and cashew nutshell liquid (functional oil blend, FOB) on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs and to determine an optimal supplemental level. Newly weaned pigs (20 barrows and 20 gilts at 25 d of age, 7.02 ± 0.58 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 5 treatments in a RCBD and fed in 2 phases (13 and 21 d respectively) with increasing levels (0, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100, and 0.150%) of FOB. Growth performance was measured by each phase. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to phase 2 diets as an indigestible marker to measure AID. On d 34, all pigs were euthanized to collect jejunum to measure immune status, oxidative stress status, microbiota, morphology, and crypt cell proliferation. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. Supplementation of FOB did not affect the overall growth performance. Supplementation of FOB tended to decrease (P = 0.064) the concentration of jejunal protein carbonyl (3.11 to 2.45 nmol/protein) and tended to increase villus height (P = 0.098, 401 to 453 μm) and crypt depth (P = 0.070, 86 to 99 μm). Increasing FOB reduced (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of Helicobacteraceae (46.8 to 21.0%) and increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of Prevotellaceae (7.9 to 13.1%), Burkholderiaceae (6.3 to 10.8%) and Pseudomonadaceae (0.1 to 1.0%), and increased (P &lt; 0.05) alpha diversity of the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota at the family level (Chao1 index 42.8 to 56.8%). In conclusion, FOB showed potential benefits on intestinal health of nursery pigs by increasing beneficial and reducing harmful bacteria reducing oxidative damages in the jejunal mucosa, and by enhancing villus structure, whereas without affecting the growth performance. The FOB at a range of 0.050% to 0.150% provided the most benefit for nursery pigs.

PSVI-2 Effects of natural capsicum extract as a substitute for chlortetracycline on growth performance, nutrient utilization, antioxidant status, immune function, and meat quality in broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 397-398
Author(s):  
Sujie Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Tengfei He ◽  
Hansuo Liu ◽  
Xiangshu Piao
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Hormone Level ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility

Abstract A total of 168 one-day old broilers (average BW 46.4 ± 0.6 g) were selected to determine effects of natural capsaicin extract (NCE) as a substitute for chlortetracycline (CTC) on performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and meat quality of broilers [Founded by NSFC (31772612)]. Broilers were randomly allotted into 3 dietary treatments (n = 7) including a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON), a basal diet + 75 mg/kg CTC (CTC), and a basal diet + 80 mg/kg NCE (NCE). The experiment contained phase 1 (day 1 to 21) and 2 (day 22 to 42). Compared with CON, broilers from NCE showed higher average daily gain at all stages (P &lt; 0.05). On day 42, organic matter, crude protein and gross energy digestibilities of broilers from NCE were higher than those from the other two groups (P &lt; 0.05). Higher percentage of bursa of Fabricius was observed in broilers fed NCE diets compared with CON (P &lt; 0.05). Trypsin and lipase activities in the pancreas of broilers from NCE were higher than those from CON (P &lt; 0.05). Breast muscle of broilers fed NCE diets showed lower L* values compared with CON (P &lt; 0.05). Broilers from NCE also showed higher levels of serum total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, lower levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α compared with broilers offered CON diets (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with CON, lower concentrations of serum urea-N, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol, higher growth hormone level were observed in broilers fed NCE diets (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing 80 mg/kg of NCE to diets could improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant and immune function, and meat quality of broilers. Moreover, broilers fed NCE diets exhibited similar growth performance and health status to those offered chlortetracycline (CTC) diets.

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