PSVII-24 Growth performance and organ weight of weaned pigs fed diets with different fiber and fat sources

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the interactive effects of dietary fiber source and lipid source on growth performance and visceral organ weights of weaned pigs. Two hundred and eighty 21 days old pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 6.84 kg] were housed in 40 pens (7 pigs/pen). The pigs were fed 4 diets (10 pens/diet) in a randomized complete block design in 2 phases, Phase 1 from day 0 to 14 and Phase 2 from day 14 to 35. The diets were corn-soybean meal-based with either sugar beet pulp (SBP) or soybean hulls (SBH) as fiber source and either soybean oil (SBO) or choice white grease (CWG) as fat source in 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The BW and feed intake were determined by phase, whereas visceral organ weights were determined on day 35. Fiber source and fat source did not interact on growth performance and organ weights relative to BW. Pigs fed CWG-containing diets had lower (P < 0.05) gain to feed ratio than those fed SBO-containing diets by 7.95% during Phase 1 of feeding. Pigs fed SBP-containing diets had lower (P < 0.05) gain to feed ratio than those fed SBH-containing diets by 7.94% during Phase 1 of feeding. However, pigs fed SBP-containing diets had greater (P < 0.05) stomach weight, and tended to have greater (P < 0.1) heart, small intestine and large intestine weights relative to BW than those fed SBO-containing diets. In conclusion, replacement of SBH with SBP in diets for weaned pigs reduced feed efficiency and increased visceral organ weights relative to BW, implying that the replacement of SBH with SBP in diets of weaned pigs increased energy expenditure in visceral organs. Inclusion of SBO (at the expense of CWG) in diets for weaned pigs can improve feed efficiency.

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Growth performance, visceral organ weights, and gut health of weaned pigs fed diets with different dietary fiber solubility and lipid sources

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab292 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinsu Hong ◽

Saymore Petros Ndou ◽

Seidu Adams ◽

Joy Scaria ◽

Tofuko Awori Woyengo

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Gut Health ◽

Visceral Organ ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Lipid Source

Abstract Objective of this study was to determine the interactive effects of dietary fiber solubility and lipid source on growth performance, visceral organ weights, gut histology, and gut microbiota composition of weaned pigs. A total of 280 nursery pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 6.84 kg] weaned at 21 d were housed in 40 pens (7 pigs/pen). The pigs were fed four diets (10 pens/diet) in a randomized complete block design in two phases; Phase 1 from 0 to 2 weeks and Phase 2 from 2 to 5 wk. The diets were corn-soybean meal-based with either sugar beet pulp (SBP) or soybean hulls (SBH) as a fiber source and either soybean oil (SBO) or choice white grease (CWG) as a lipid source in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The BW and feed intake were determined by phase, whereas visceral organ weights, intestinal histology, and gut microbial composition were determined at the end of the trial. Dietary fiber solubility and lipid source did not interact (P > 0.05) on average daily feed intake and average daily gain across all phases. However, the gain to feed ratio (G:F) for CWG-containing diets was lower (P < 0.05) than that for SBO-containing diets for Phase 1. Also, G:F for SBP-containing diets was lower (P < 0.05) than that for SBH-containing diets for Phase 1 and for the entire study period. Pigs fed SBP-containing diets had greater (P < 0.05) stomach weight, and tended to have greater (P < 0.10) small and large intestine weights relative to BW than those fed SBH-containing diets. Duodenal villous height to crypt depth ratio for CWG-based diets tended be greater (P = 0.09) than that for SBO-based diets. Fiber solubility and lipid source interacted (P < 0.05) on relative abundance of Bacteroides in the colon such that the relative abundance of the Bacteroides for CWG was greater (P < 0.05) than that for the SBO in SBP-based diet, but not in SBH-based diet. Relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the colon for SBH-based diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that for SBP-based diet. In conclusion, inclusion of SBH instead of SBP in corn-soybean meal-based diets for weaned pigs can result in increased feed efficiency and relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the colon, which is associated with improved gut health. Also, inclusion of SBO instead of CWG in the diets for weaned pigs can result in improved feed efficiency during Phase 1 feeding; however, the pigs may recover from the low feed efficiency induced by dietary inclusion of CWG instead of SBO after Phase 1 feeding.

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PSVII-18 The influence of mealworm levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and immune response in weaning pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.389 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 220-222

Author(s):

Seung Min Oh ◽

SeYoung Yoon ◽

KwangYeol Kim ◽

Jung Woo Choi ◽

Abdolreza Hosseindoust ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Weaning Pigs ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract The aim of this trial was to determine the optimal supplementation mealworm on growth performance, apparent total tract retention of nutrients, hematological traits, immune response, and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 180 weaned pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc; 6.27 ± 0.15 kg) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments and 6 replicates on the basis of initial body weight and sex. The dietary treatments included a corn-based diet supplemented with 0, 2.5, or 5 % mealworm in 2 phases (0–14 and 15–28 d). The gain to feed ratio (G:F) was higher in pigs fed 2.5% mealworm compared with 2.5% during the first phase. Overall ADG was improved in pigs fed 2.5% mealworm compared with pigs fed 5% mealworm. No improvement in overall ADFI and G:F were observed. No digestibility responses were observed by adding mealworm to the diet, but the digestibility of DM and GE were tended to be higher in pigs fed 2.5% mealworm compared with control in phase 1. The number of monocytes tended to be increased in pigs fed 5% mealworm. The concentration of plasma IgG was higher in pigs fed mealworm, however, the plasma IL-6 was tended to be decreased when mealworm was added to the diet (P = 0.052). There was no change in intestinal morphology with increasing dietary levels of mealworm. The results showed that the dietary supplementation of 2.5% mealworm had beneficial effects on growth performance and immune system, however, no effects were detected on growth performance when 5% mealworm was added to the diet.

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PSXVI-29 Late-Breaking: Effect of dietary organic acids supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in weaned pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.701 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 383-383

Author(s):

Jinyoung Lee ◽

Jong Woong Kim ◽

Heidi Hall ◽

Martin Nyachoti

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Gut Health ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Two Phases

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different organic acid (OA) mixtures on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in weaned pigs. A total of 56 weaned pigs (7.93 ± 1.04 kg BW) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicates per treatment for a 35-d study conducted over two phases; phase 1 (d 1 to 14) and phase 2 (d 14 to 35). Each pen had two pigs balanced for sex. Diets consisted of 1) a corn-soybean meal-basal without any additive (negative control, NC); 2) NC + formic and propionic acids (TRT1); 3) NC + butyric, formic, and propionic acids (TRT2); and 4) NC + antibiotic (positive control, PC). Individual pig body weight and feed disappearance were recorded weekly. At the end of each phase, blood and feces were sampled. The female pig in each pen was euthanized on d 35 to collect digesta and intestinal tissue. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. During the overall period, ADG tended to be lower (P = 0.069) in the TRT2 group than in the PC group. Diet had no effect on ADFI during the overall period, but G:F of pigs fed the PC and TRT1 diets tended to be higher (P = 0.059) than that of the NC diet. No effects of OA supplementation were observed on nutrient digestibility and blood cytokine. Jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio was higher (P < 0.05) in TRT1-fed pigs than that of NC-fed pigs. Pigs fed the TRT2 diet had a higher (P < 0.05) fecal abundance of Bifidobacteria than those fed the PC diet in phase 1. In conclusion, dietary OA supplementation had positive effects on growth performance and gut health but no effect on nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs.

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Toxicity of canola-derived glucosinolates in pigs fed resistant starch-based diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jung W Lee ◽

Shenggang Wang ◽

Yue Huang ◽

Teresa Seefeldt ◽

Abigail Donkor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Block Design ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Complete Replacement ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Organ Weights

Abstract A study was conducted to determine effects of reducing hindgut pH through dietary inclusion of high-amylose cornstarch (HA-starch) on growth performance, organ weights relative to live body weight (BW), blood thyroid hormone levels, and glucosinolate degradation products of nursery pigs fed cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC). A total of 240 pigs (initial BW: 7.1 kg), which had been weaned at 21 d of age, were housed in 40 pens (6 pigs per pen) and fed 4 diets (10 pens per diet) in a randomized complete block design for 28 d. Four diets were a basal diet with CPCC at 0 or 40%, and with HA-starch at 0 or 40% in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The diets were fed in two phases: Phase 1 from day 0 to 14 and Phase 2 from day 14 to 28 and were formulated to have the same net energy, standardized ileal digestible AA, Ca, and standardized total tract digestible P contents. Dietary inclusion of CPCC and HA-starch was achieved by a partial or complete replacement of corn, soybean meal, and soy protein. At the end of the study, one pig from each pen was euthanized to determine organ weights, blood parameters, hindgut pH, and glucosinolate degradation products. Dietary CPCC reduced (P < 0.05) overall average daily gain (ADG) by 15%; increased (P < 0.05) relative weights of liver and thyroid gland by 27% and 64%, respectively; and reduced (P < 0.05) serum tetraiodothyronine (T4) level from 30.3 to 17.8 ng/mL. Heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract weights; serum triiodothyronine level; and hindgut pH of pigs were unaffected by dietary CPCC. Dietary HA-starch reduced (P < 0.05) overall ADG, relative weight of thyroid gland, cecal, and colonic pH; but increased (P < 0.05) relative weight of colon; tended to increase (P = 0.062) serum T4 level. Dietary CPCC and HA-starch interacted (P = 0.024) on relative weight of thyroid gland such that dietary CPCC increased (P < 0.05) weight of thyroid gland for HA-starch-free diet (120 vs. 197 mg/kg of BW) but not for HA-starch-containing diet (104 vs. 130 mg/kg of BW). Dietary CPCC and HA-starch interacted (P = 0.001) on cecal isothiocyanate content such that dietary CPCC increased (P < 0.05) level of isothiocyanates for HA-starch-containing diet but not for HA-starch-free diet. In conclusion, dietary CPCC reduced growth performance, increased liver, size and interfered with thyroid gland functions of pigs. However, the negative effects of dietary CPCC on thyroid gland functions of nursery pigs were alleviated by dietary HA-starch.

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Effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility in pea and supplementing amylase and xylanase to raw, extruded or micronized pea-based diets on performance of early-weaned pigs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a01-051 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 367-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. Owusu-Asiedu ◽

S. K. Baidoo ◽

C. M. Nyachoti

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Heat Processing ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Weaned Pig ◽

Feed Enzymes

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility and of both processing and exogenous feed enzymes on growth performance of 16-d-old weaned piglets fed pea-based diets. In exp. 1, 12 Cotswold pigs [4.5 ± 0.5 kg initial body weight (BW)] fitted with simple-T cannulae were used to determine apparent and standardized ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities in raw, extruded, and micronized peas supplemented with amylase and xylanase. In exp. 2, 70 16-d-old weaned pigs were randomly assigned to a soybean-meal- (SBM)-based control and six pea-based diets during two consecutive periods (Phase 1, 4.5–10.0, Phase 2, 10.0–20.0 kg BW). The pea- (raw, extruded and micronized) based diets were fed with or without enzyme supplementation. Pigs were weighed weekly and feed intake was monitored daily. Blood samples were obtained from 10 pigs per treatment on days 0, 7 and 14 for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) analysis. Heat processing improved (P < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of most AAs, including lysine, methionine, threonine, and valine in extruded and micronized peas, but not raw peas. The AID was higher (P < 0.05) in enzyme-supplemented extruded and micronized peas than in raw peas. Micronization improved (P < 0.05) AID of lysine from 82 to 91%. The standardized ileal digestibilities (SID) of arginine, lysine, methionine and threonine were higher (P < 0.05) in extruded and micronized pea-based diets than in raw pea-based diets. Mean AID of indispensable AA was numerically improved (P < 0.08) from 79 to 88.0% following micronization. Feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) from 1.4 to 1.20 by supplementing raw pea-based diet with amylase and xylanase in phase 1. Supplementing raw pea-based diet with enzyme resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) PUN levels from 9.01 to 5.73 mg dL-1. The results demonstrate that compared to raw peas, extrusion and micronization improved AA digestibilities of amylase and xylanase supplemented pea-based diets and efficiency of feed utilization from 4.5 to 10.0 kg BW. However, feed intake and growth performance were not affected. Key words: Amylase, xylanase, early-weaned pig, amino acids, micronization, extrusion, digestibilities

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Effect of dietary organic acids supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology in weaned pigs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2021-0080 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinyoung Lee ◽

Jong Woong Kim ◽

Heidi N. Hall ◽

Charles M. Nyachoti

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Gut Morphology ◽

Two Phases

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different organic acid (OA) mixtures on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 56 weaned pigs (7.93 ± 1.04 kg body weight) were assigned to four dietary treatments with seven replicates per treatment for a 35-d study conducted over two phases; phase 1 (d 1 to 14) and phase 2 (d 14 to 35). Diets consisted of 1) a corn-soybean meal-basal diet without any additive (negative control, NC); 2) NC + formic and propionic acids (TRT1); 3) NC + butyric, formic, and propionic acids (TRT2); and 4) NC + antibiotic (positive control, PC). During the overall period, the gain to feed ratio of pigs fed the PC and TRT1 diets tended to be higher (P = 0.059) than that of the NC diet. However, OA supplementation had no effects on nutrient digestibility. Jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio was higher (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the TRT1 diet than those fed the NC diet. In conclusion, dietary OA supplementation tended to increase overall feed efficiency and improved gut morphology in weaned pigs.

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PSVI-21 Interactive effects of Zn sources, Cu sources and phytase on growth performance in nursery pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 212-213

Author(s):

Ping Ren ◽

Joe Cushing ◽

Karen Wedekind ◽

Mercedes Vazquez-Anon

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract This study investigated the interactive effects of Zn sources, Cu sources and phytase on growth performance in nursery pigs. A total of 288 weaning barrows (BW = 5.71 ± 0.81 kg), blocked by initial body weight, were randomly allotted to 1 of 8 dietary treatments, with 9 pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen. The 8 dietary treatments were arranged in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with 2 Zn sources [2000 ppm Zn from ZnO during phase 1 (d 1 to 14) and 2 (d 15 to 28), and 100 ppm Zn from ZnO during phase 3 (d 29 to 42); 100 ppm Zn from Zn methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (Zn-MHAC, MINTREX® Zn, Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO) during phase 1 to 3], 2 Cu sources [150 ppm Cu from CuSO4 or Cu-MHAC (MINTREX® Cu) during phase 1, and 80 ppm Cu from CuSO4 or Cu-MHAC during phase 2 and 3], and 2 phytase inclusion levels (0, 500 FTU/kg). Results showed that there were no differences (P > 0.10) between ZnO and Zn-MHAC groups in terms of growth performance during the entire nursery period. Compared with CuSO4, Cu-MHAC tended to increase ADG (P = 0.07) and G:F (P = 0.08) during the entire nursery period. There tended to be an interaction (P = 0.09) between Cu sources and phytase on G:F during phase 2. Specifically, without phytase supplementation, there was no difference (P = 0.63) on G:F during phase 2 between Cu-MHAC and CuSO4, whereas with phytase supplementation, Cu-MHAC increased G:F during phase 2 (P = 0.05) compared with CuSO4. In conclusion, Zn-MHAC supplementation at 100 ppm could replace pharmacological level of ZnO without affecting growth performance. Cu-MHAC could improve growth performance compared with CuSO4. Cu-MHAC exerted synergistic effect with phytase on improving feed efficiency.

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56 The Effect of a Developmental Bacillus Direct-fed Microbial on Nursery Pig Growth Performance and Health

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 148-148

Author(s):

Karissa N Rulon ◽

Jacob A Richert ◽

Morgan T Thayer ◽

Allan P Schinckel ◽

Matthew D Asmus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Negative Control ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Nursery Pig ◽

Inclusion Rate ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Design Experiments

Abstract A developmental Bacillus based direct-fed microbial (DFM) was added to nursery pig diets to evaluate the effect on growth and health in two 35-d randomized complete block design experiments blocked on initial BW and sex. Experiment 1 used 315 weaned pigs (20.1 d of age; 6.11 kg initial BW) allotted to one of three diets: 1) Negative Control (NC; no antibiotics but with pharmacological Zn or Cu), 2) NC+DFM 0.55x109CFU, 3) NC+DFM 1.1x109CFU. Experiment 2 used 376 weaned pigs (17.8 d of age; 5.99 kg initial BW) allotted to one of four diets, the same 3 diets from Experiment 1 plus a lower inclusion rate: 4) NC+DFM 0.275x109CFU. Both studies had 15 replicates/treatment, 6–7 pigs/pen. Pigs were budget fed phase 1–3 diets (1.13 kg/pig; 2.72 kg/pig; and 6.35 kg/pig, respectively) and ad libitum fed Phase 4 diet to d35. For Experiment 1, during week 1 pigs fed the DFM tended to linearly decrease ADFI (P = 0.086) and linearly increase G:F (P = 0.085). During day 21–35 of Experiment 1 pigs fed DFM linearly increased ADG (P = 0.035) and quadratically increased ADFI (P = 0.027). Overall for experiment 1, ADG (P = 0.114) and ADFI (P = 0.104) tended to quadratically increase and G:F linearly increased (P = 0.012) with increasing concentrations of DFM. Experiment 2; during week 1 and 3 ADFI (P = 0.084, P = 0.050, respectively) quadratically increased and G:F (P = 0.081; P = 0.022, respectively) quadratically decreased as DFM increased in the diet. During d21–35 of experiment 2, ADG (P = 0.064) quadratically increased and G:F (P = 0.012) quadratically decreased as DFM increased. Overall for Experiment 2 ADFI numerically increased (4.3%) with no increase in ADG, resulting in a quadratic decrease in G:F (P = 0.010) as the DFM increased in the diet. Summarizing these two studies, the DFM product had its greatest effect increasing ADFI while inconsistently impacting gain and efficiency.

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Interactive effects of zinc and copper sources and phytase on growth performance, mineral digestibility, bone mineral concentrations, oxidative status, and gut morphology in nursery pigs

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txaa083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 783-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ping Ren ◽

Juxing Chen ◽

Karen Wedekind ◽

Deana Hancock ◽

Mercedes Vázquez-Añón

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Mineral Concentrations

Abstract This study investigated the interactive effects of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) sources and phytase on growth performance, oxidative status, mineral digestibility, tissue mineral concentrations, and gut morphology in nursery pigs. A total of 288 weaning barrows [body weight (BW) = 5.71 ± 0.81 kg], blocked by initial BW, were randomly allotted to one of eight dietary treatments, with nine pens per treatment and four pigs per pen. The eight dietary treatments were arranged in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with two Zn sources [2,000, 2,000, and 100 mg/kg Zn from zinc oxide (ZnO) during phase 1 (days 1–14) and phase 2 (days 15–28), and phase 3 (days 29–42), respectively; 100 mg/kg Zn from zinc methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (Zn-MHAC) from phases 1 to 3], two Cu sources [150, 80, and 80 mg/kg Cu from copper sulfate (CuSO4) or copper methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (Cu-MHAC) during phases 1–3, respectively], and two phytase inclusion levels (0 or 500 FTU/kg). Results showed that ZnO supplementation at 2,000 mg/kg Zn significantly increased average daily feed intake (ADFI; P = 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.03) during phase 1 compared to Zn-MHAC group; however, Zn-MHAC supplementation tended (P = 0.06) to improve gain to feed ratio (G:F) during phase 2 compared to ZnO group. There were no differences (P > 0.10) between ZnO and Zn-MHAC groups in terms of ADG, ADFI, and G:F during the entire nursery period. Compared with CuSO4, Cu-MHAC tended to increase ADG (P = 0.07) and G:F (P = 0.08) during the entire nursery period. Phytase supplementation significantly increased ADG (P < 0.01), ADFI (P < 0.01), and G:F (P < 0.01) during the entire nursery period compared with no phytase supplementation. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.01) between Zn source and phytase on standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus (P), whereas there was no interaction (P = 0.21) between Cu sources and phytase on STTD of P. However, there was a significant interaction between Cu sources and phytase on calcium (Ca; P = 0.02) and P (P = 0.03) concentrations in metacarpal bones and G:F in phase 2 (P = 0.09). Furthermore, pigs fed diets containing Zn-MHAC tended to have lower ileum villus width (P = 0.07), compared with those fed diets containing ZnO, and pigs fed diets containing Cu-MHAC tended to have lower plasma malondialdehyde concentration (P = 0.10) compared with those fed diets containing CuSO4. In conclusion, under the conditions of the current study, ZnO supplementation at 2,000 mg/kg Zn was only effective in the first 2 wk postweaning, whereas Zn-MHAC supplementation at 100 mg/kg Zn could achieve better feed efficiency during phase 2 compared to pharmacological levels of ZnO, therefore, leading to no difference of growth performance in the entire nursery period. Low levels of Zn-MHAC may improve phytase efficacy on degrading phytate P compared to pharmacological levels of ZnO. Cu-MHAC may be more effective to promote growth compared to CuSO4, which may be partially driven by reduced oxidative stress. Results also indicated that Cu-MHAC might exert a synergistic effect with phytase on improving feed efficiency and bone mineralization.

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PSIII-16 Growth Performance of Weaned Pigs Fed Barley Differing in Fermentable Starch and Fiber Profile

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.296 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 175-176

Author(s):

Joaquin J Sanchez Zannatta ◽

L F Wang ◽

Eduardo Beltranena ◽

Aaron D Beattie ◽

Rex N Newkirk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Steam Explosion ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Gut Health ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Hulled Barley

Abstract Barley grain containing more fermentable starch or fiber might be an attractive energy source in weaned pig diets due to benefits on gut health. Barley rapidly-fermentable carbohydrates may serve as prebiotic and slowly-fermentable fiber may decrease diarrhea in weaned pigs. Steam-explosion processing may disrupt the fiber matrix of hulls, increasing slowly-fermentable fiber of barley. To explore, 220 pigs were fed 1 of 5 diets containing 60% cereal grain: 1) low-fermentable hulled barley (LFB); 2) LFB steam-exploded (LFB-E; 1.2 MPa, 120 s); 3) high β-glucan (10% DM) hull-less barley (HFB); 4) high amylose (17% DM) hull-less barley (HFA); or 5) low-fermentable wheat (LFW). Diets were fed starting 1-week post-weaning and formulated to provide 2.4 and 2.3 Mcal net energy (NE)/kg, 5.5 and 5.1 g standardized ileal digestible lysine/Mcal NE for phase 1 (day 1–14) and phase 2 (day 15–35), respectively. For the entire trial (day 1–35), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of pigs did not differ among diets. Gain:feed (G:F) did not differ between LFB and LFW diets, but steam-explosion of hulled barley reduced (P < 0.05) G:F. Feces consistency did not differ between LFB and LFW diets, but was better (P < 0.05) for LFB than HFB, HFA and LFB-E diets. For phase 1, G:F of pigs was lower (P < 0.05) for LFB-E diet than LFW diet. For days 22–28, LFB-E diet had greater (P < 0.01) ADFI than HFA diet and tended (P = 0.09) to have a greater ADG than HFB diet. In conclusion, hulled or hull-less barley grain replaced wheat grain without affecting growth performance in weaned pigs. Hulled barley increased feces consistency. Steam-explosion of hulled barley did not increase growth performance of weaned pigs. Barley grain is an attractive energy source for weaned pigs for managing growth and feces consistency.

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